青藏铁路沿线83道班移动冰丘及工程治理
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摘要
青藏铁路沿线发育6个典型移动冰丘,冰丘冻胀对线路工程具有严重破坏作用,导致桥墩扭裂、涵洞破裂与输油管道弯曲变形,产生显著的灾害效应。83道班移动冰丘发育于二道沟盆地南侧两组断层的交叉复合部位,属断层破碎带桥基施工诱发移动冰丘;夏季表现为上涌泉水,形成泉坑;冬季形成厚度达0.5m的冰幔和高达2.5m的冰丘,产生了比较严重的灾害隐患。在泉水富集部位,通过修筑堤坝、泉水池和排水通道,改变了泉水的运移路线,消除了移动冰丘及灾害隐患,确保了83道班铁路大桥的工程安全,为青藏铁路沿线移动冰丘的工程防治积累了成功经验。
There are six typical migrating pingos along the Qinghai-Tibet Railway and freezing and swelling of some of these pingos caused fracturing of bridge piers and culverts and bending of oil pipelines along the railway and highway. The migrating pingo near the 83rd station occurs at the site of intersection and compounding of two sets of faults at the south side of the Erdaogou basin and is a migrating pingo induced by the underground construction of bridge piers in a fractured zone. It consists of a 0.5 m thick ice mantle and a 2.5 m high pingo in winter and becomes spring water ponds in summer after melting of the pingo. The pingo was considered as one of the potential hazards to the railway. Dams, spring water pools and conduits were constructed at the site east of the railway bridge where spring water was concentrated. These engineering works changed the paths of surface and underground spring water, reduced the concentration of spring water at the bridge piers, eliminated the ice mantle and migrating pingo surrounding the bridge piers and successfully ensured the safety of the railway bridge east of the 83rd highway station. Engineering controls on spring water near the 83rd highway station provides new experience for controlling geological hazards of migrating pingos along the Qinghai-Tibet Railway.
There are six typical migrating pingos along the Qinghai-Tibet Railway and freezing and swelling of some of these pingos caused fracturing of bridge piers and culverts and bending of oil pipelines along the railway and highway. The migrating pingo near the 83rd station occurs at the site of intersection and compounding of two sets of faults at the south side of the Erdaogou basin and is a migrating pingo induced by the underground construction of bridge piers in a fractured zone. It consists of a 0.5 m thick ice mantle and a 2.5 m high pingo in winter and becomes spring water ponds in summer after melting of the pingo. The pingo was considered as one of the potential hazards to the railway. Dams, spring water pools and conduits were constructed at the site east of the railway bridge where spring water was concentrated. These engineering works changed the paths of surface and underground spring water, reduced the concentration of spring water at the bridge piers, eliminated the ice mantle and migrating pingo surrounding the bridge piers and successfully ensured the safety of the railway bridge east of the 83rd highway station. Engineering controls on spring water near the 83rd highway station provides new experience for controlling geological hazards of migrating pingos along the Qinghai-Tibet Railway.
引文
[1]胡海涛,任国林,孙存煜.青南—藏北高原多年冻土区近代冻融物理地质现象的类型及其特征[C]//地质矿产部青藏高原地质文集编委会主编.青藏高原地质文集(5).北京:地质出版社,1982:101-112.Hu Haitao,Ren Guolin,Sun Cunyu.On the various types of recent freezethaw processes on southern Qinghai-northern Xizang Plateau and their physical-geological characteristics[C]//Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources(ed.).Proceedings of Geology of the Tibetan Plateau.Beijing:Geological Publishing House,1982:101-112(in Chinese with English abstract).
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[4]吴珍汉,胡道功,吴中海,等.青藏高原北部铁路沿线的移动冰丘及灾害效应[J].地质通报,2006,25(1/2):233-243.Wu Zhenhan,Hu Daogong,Wu Zhonghai,et al.Migrating pingos and their hazard effects in the vicinity of the railway across the northern Tibetan Plateau[J].Geological Bulletin of China,2006,25(1/2):233-243(in Chinese with English abstract).
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[9]樊溶河,袁成林.藏北高原央尕尔纳茸谷地构造复合部位泉水和冰丘的形成分布规律[C]//地质矿产部青藏高原地质文集编委会主编.青藏高原地质文集(5).北京:地质出版社,1982:52-57.Fan Ronghe,Yuan Chenglin.The origin and distribution of springs and ice domes at the sites of structural compounding in the Yanggaernarong valley,northern Xizang Plateau[C]//Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources(ed.).Proceedings of Geology of the Tibetan Plateau(5).Beijing:Geological Publishing House,1982:52-57(in Chinese with English abstract).
[10]郭东信.地质构造对多年冻土的影响[J].地理科学,1985,5(2):97-105.Guo Dongxin.Effect of geological structures on permafrost[J].Scientia Geographica Sinica,1985,5(2):97-105(in Chinese with English abstract).
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[12]吴珍汉,叶培盛,吴中海,等.青藏铁路沿线活动断裂的灾害效应[J].现代地质,2003,17(1):1-7.Wu Zhenhan,Ye Peisheng,Wu Zhonghai,et al.Hazard effects of active faulting along the Golmud-Lhasa Railway across the Tibetan Plateau[J].Geosciences,2003,17(1):1-7(in Chinese with English abstract).
[13]Wu Zhenhan,Barosh P J,Hu Daogong,et al.Hazards posed by active major faults along the Golmud-Lhasa railway route,Tibetan Plateau,China[J].Engineering Geology,2004,74:163-182.
[14]叶培盛,吴珍汉,胡道功,等.青藏高原北部不冻泉移动冰丘及灾害效应[J].现代地质,2006,20(2):252-258.Ye Peisheng,Wu Zhenhan,Hu Daogong,et al.Budongquan migrating pingos and their hazard effects in the permafrost north Tibetan Plateau[J].Geosciences,2006,20(2):252-258(in Chinese with English abstract).
[15]吴珍汉,王连捷,胡道功,等.青藏高原北部移动冰丘破坏桥墩的数值模拟[J].现代地质,2006,20(2):239-251.Wu Zhenhan,Wang Lianjie,Hu Daogong,et al.Numerical modeling on migrating pingo destructing bridge pier in north Tibetan Plateau[J].Geosciences,2006,20(2):239-251(in Chinese with English abstract).
[16]吴珍汉,吴中海,张永双,等.青海西南部乌丽活动断裂系的地质特征及灾害效应[J].地质通报,2003,22(6):437-444.Wu Zhenhan,Wu Zhonghai,Zhang Yongshuang,et al.Geological features and hazard effects of the Wuli active fault system on the northern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau[J].Geological Bulletin of China,2003,22(6):437-444(in Chinese with English abstract).
[17]Wu Zhenhan,Patrick J.Barosh,Daogong Hu,et al.Migrating pingos in the permafrost region of the Tibetan Plateau,China and their hazard along the Golmud-Lhasa railway[J].Engineering Geology,2005,79:267-287.
[18]吴珍汉,吴中海,胡道功,等.青藏铁路沿线活动断裂与地质灾害图集[M].北京:地震出版社,2005.Wu Zhenhan,Wu Zhonghai,Hu Daogong,et al.Atlas of Active faults and Geological Hazards along the Golmud-Lhasa Railway across the Tibetan Plateau[M].Beijing:Seismological Press,2005.
[2]Cheng Guodong.Progress of research on permanent freezing and underground ice of high elevation areas[J].Chinese Science Bulletin,1990,35(9):1441-1443.
[3]Cheng Guodong,Huang X,Kang X.Recent permafrost degradation along the Qinghai-Tibet Highway[C]//Proceedings of the6th International Conference on Permafrost2.1993:1010-1013.
[4]吴珍汉,胡道功,吴中海,等.青藏高原北部铁路沿线的移动冰丘及灾害效应[J].地质通报,2006,25(1/2):233-243.Wu Zhenhan,Hu Daogong,Wu Zhonghai,et al.Migrating pingos and their hazard effects in the vicinity of the railway across the northern Tibetan Plateau[J].Geological Bulletin of China,2006,25(1/2):233-243(in Chinese with English abstract).
[5]Bostrom R C.Water expulsion and pingo formation in a region affected by subsidence[J].Journal of Glaciaology,1967,61:568-572.
[6]Thom G.Disruption of bedrock by the growth and collapse of ice lenses[J].Journal of Glaciology,1978,20:571-575.
[7]王邵令.青藏高原清水河两岸的冻胀丘[J].冰川冻土,1981,3(3):58-62.Wang,Shaoling.Freezing expansion dome in both banks of the Qingshuihe River in the Tibetan Plateau[J].Glaciology and Cryopedology,1981,3(3):58-62(in Chinese).
[8]胡海涛,许贵森.青南—藏北高原的构造体系及其对地下水的控制[C]//地质矿产部青藏高原地质文集编委会主编.青藏高原地质文集(5).北京:地质出版社,1982:1-40.Hu Haitao,Xu Guishen.The structural system of the southern Qinghai-northern Xizang Plateau and its control over groundwater[C]//Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources(ed.).Proceedings of Geology of the Tibetan Plateau(5).Beijing:Geological Publishing House,1982:1-40(in Chinese with English abstract).
[9]樊溶河,袁成林.藏北高原央尕尔纳茸谷地构造复合部位泉水和冰丘的形成分布规律[C]//地质矿产部青藏高原地质文集编委会主编.青藏高原地质文集(5).北京:地质出版社,1982:52-57.Fan Ronghe,Yuan Chenglin.The origin and distribution of springs and ice domes at the sites of structural compounding in the Yanggaernarong valley,northern Xizang Plateau[C]//Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources(ed.).Proceedings of Geology of the Tibetan Plateau(5).Beijing:Geological Publishing House,1982:52-57(in Chinese with English abstract).
[10]郭东信.地质构造对多年冻土的影响[J].地理科学,1985,5(2):97-105.Guo Dongxin.Effect of geological structures on permafrost[J].Scientia Geographica Sinica,1985,5(2):97-105(in Chinese with English abstract).
[11]尚建义,丁家光.青藏公路62道班冰丘的形成条件及其发展规律[C]//地质矿产部青藏高原地质文集编委会主编.青藏高原地质文集(5).北京:地质出版社,1982:113-118.Shang Jianyi,Ding Jiaguang.On the formative condition and evolution of the ice dome at the62th station of the Qinghai-Xizang Highway[C].Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources(ed.).Proceedings of Geology of the Tibetan Plateau(5).Beijing:Geological Publishing House,1982:113-118(in Chinese with English abstract).
[12]吴珍汉,叶培盛,吴中海,等.青藏铁路沿线活动断裂的灾害效应[J].现代地质,2003,17(1):1-7.Wu Zhenhan,Ye Peisheng,Wu Zhonghai,et al.Hazard effects of active faulting along the Golmud-Lhasa Railway across the Tibetan Plateau[J].Geosciences,2003,17(1):1-7(in Chinese with English abstract).
[13]Wu Zhenhan,Barosh P J,Hu Daogong,et al.Hazards posed by active major faults along the Golmud-Lhasa railway route,Tibetan Plateau,China[J].Engineering Geology,2004,74:163-182.
[14]叶培盛,吴珍汉,胡道功,等.青藏高原北部不冻泉移动冰丘及灾害效应[J].现代地质,2006,20(2):252-258.Ye Peisheng,Wu Zhenhan,Hu Daogong,et al.Budongquan migrating pingos and their hazard effects in the permafrost north Tibetan Plateau[J].Geosciences,2006,20(2):252-258(in Chinese with English abstract).
[15]吴珍汉,王连捷,胡道功,等.青藏高原北部移动冰丘破坏桥墩的数值模拟[J].现代地质,2006,20(2):239-251.Wu Zhenhan,Wang Lianjie,Hu Daogong,et al.Numerical modeling on migrating pingo destructing bridge pier in north Tibetan Plateau[J].Geosciences,2006,20(2):239-251(in Chinese with English abstract).
[16]吴珍汉,吴中海,张永双,等.青海西南部乌丽活动断裂系的地质特征及灾害效应[J].地质通报,2003,22(6):437-444.Wu Zhenhan,Wu Zhonghai,Zhang Yongshuang,et al.Geological features and hazard effects of the Wuli active fault system on the northern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau[J].Geological Bulletin of China,2003,22(6):437-444(in Chinese with English abstract).
[17]Wu Zhenhan,Patrick J.Barosh,Daogong Hu,et al.Migrating pingos in the permafrost region of the Tibetan Plateau,China and their hazard along the Golmud-Lhasa railway[J].Engineering Geology,2005,79:267-287.
[18]吴珍汉,吴中海,胡道功,等.青藏铁路沿线活动断裂与地质灾害图集[M].北京:地震出版社,2005.Wu Zhenhan,Wu Zhonghai,Hu Daogong,et al.Atlas of Active faults and Geological Hazards along the Golmud-Lhasa Railway across the Tibetan Plateau[M].Beijing:Seismological Press,2005.
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