橄榄石集合体的简单剪切形变实验研究
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摘要
本文利用高精度Paterson气体介质变形装置对富铁橄榄石集合体(Mg_(0.5),Fe_(0.5))_2SiO_4进行了高温简单剪切变形试验。试验在温度1473K和围压300MPa的条件下进行,差应力为64～153MPa,应变率为10~(-5)～10~(-3)s~(-1)。一共进行了三组试验,试件的剪切变形量分别为89%,131%和200%,通过对变形后试件的反射光学显微结构分析,得到富铁橄榄石集合体动态重结晶的微观机制,由结晶各向异性分析给出晶格最优取向和波速各向异性的分布及随应变的增加而表现出的演化特征。
Simple shear creep deformation experiments were performed using high resolution gas media apparatus on fine-grained samples of (Mg_(0.5) , Fe_(0.5))_2SiO_4 at a temperature of 1473 K and a confining pressure of 300 MPa. Differential stresses in the range of 64 to 153 MPa resulted in strain rates between 10~(-5)～10~(-3)s~(-1). Three samples were deformed to the shear strain of 89% , 131% and 200% , respectively. From the micro-structural analysis, grain size distribution, lattice preferred orientation, the seismic anisotropy characteristics as well as their changes with the strain were investigated.
Simple shear creep deformation experiments were performed using high resolution gas media apparatus on fine-grained samples of (Mg_(0.5) , Fe_(0.5))_2SiO_4 at a temperature of 1473 K and a confining pressure of 300 MPa. Differential stresses in the range of 64 to 153 MPa resulted in strain rates between 10~(-5)～10~(-3)s~(-1). Three samples were deformed to the shear strain of 89% , 131% and 200% , respectively. From the micro-structural analysis, grain size distribution, lattice preferred orientation, the seismic anisotropy characteristics as well as their changes with the strain were investigated.
引文
Anderson DL. 1989． Theory of the earth. Blackwell, Boston
Ave' Lallemant HG and Carter NL. 1970． Syntectonic recrystal-lization of olivine and modes of flow in the upper mantle. Geol. Soc. Am.Bull. ,81: 2203-2220
Bai Q, Mackwell SJ and Kohkstedt DL. 1991． High-temperature creep of olivine single crystals, Mechanical results for buffered samples. J.Geophy. Res. , 96: 2441-2463
Blackman DK, Orcott JA, Forsyth DW and Kendall JM. 1993． Seismic anisotropy in the mantle beneath an oceanic spreading centre.Nature, 366: 675-677
Bystricky M, Kunze K, Burlini L and Burg JP. 2000． High Shear Strain of Olivine Aggregates: Rheological and Seismic Consequences.Science, 290: 1564-1567
Chastel YB, Dawson PR, Wenk HR and Bennett K. 1993． Anisotropic convection with implications for the upper mantle. J. Geophys.Res. , 98: 17757-17771
Chopra PN and Paterson MS. 1981． The experimental deformation of dunite. Tectonophysics, 78: 453-473
Fuchs K. 1977． Seismic anisotropy of the subcrastal lithosphere as evidence for dynamical processes in the upper mantle. Geophys. J. R. Astron. Soc. , 49: 167-179
Gifkins RC. 1970． Optical Microscopy of Metals. Elsevier Sci. , New York
Hess HH. 1964． Seismic anisotropy of the uppermost mantle under oceans. Nature, 203． 629-631
Hirth G and Kohlstedt DL. 2003． Rheology of the upper mantle and the mantle wedge: a review from the experimentalists, In: Inside the Subduction Zone. Geophysical Monograph of AGU, 138: 83-105
Jessel MW. 1988． Simulation of fabric development in recrystallizing aggregates-Ⅰ. Description of the model. J. Struct. Geol. , 10: 771-778
Karato S, Toriumi M and Fujii T. 1980． Dynamic recrystallization of olivine during high temperature creep. Geophys. Res. Lett. , 7: 649-652
Karato S. 1988． The role of recrystallization in the preferred orientation of olivine. Phys. Earth Planet. Inter. , 51: 107-122
Karato S, Zhang S, Zimmerman ME, Daines MJ and Kohlstedt DL. 1998． Experimental studies of shear deformation of mantle materials: towards structural geology in the mantle. Pure Appl. Geophys. ,151: 589-603
Kohlstedt DL, Goetze C and Durham WB. 1976． Experimental deformation of olivine single crystals with application to flow in the mantle. in Petrophysies: The Physics and Chemistry of Minerals and Rocks, edited by R. G. J. Strens, p35-49, John Wiley, New York
Kohlstedt DL, Evans B and Mackwell SJ. 1995． Strength of the lithosphere: Constraints imposed by laboratory experiments. J. Geophys. Res. , 100: 17587-17602
Mainprice D and Silver P. 1993． Interpretation of SKS-waves using samples from the subcontinental lithosphere. Phys. Earth Planet. Inter. , 78: 257-280
Marchant DD and Gordon RS. 1971． Grain size distribution and grain growth in MgO and MgO-Fe_2O_3 solid solutions. J. Am. Ceram.Soc. , 55: 19-24
Mecklenburgh J, Zhao Y, Heidelbach F and Mackwell S. 2006． Deformation of olivine-spinel aggregates in the system ( Mg, Ni)_2GeO_4 deformed to high strain in torsion; Implications for upper mantle anisotropy. J. Geophys. Res., 111: B11209, Doi: 10． 1029/2006JB004285
Mercier JCC. 1985． Olivine and pyroxenes. In: Wenk HR ( Ed. ).Preferred Orientation in Deformed Metals and Rocks: An Introduction to Modern Texture Analysis. Academic Press, pp. 407-430
Nicolas A and Christensen N. 1987． Formation of anisotropy in upper mantle peridotites-a review. In: Fuchs K, Froidevaux C (eds. ).Composition, Structure and Dynamics of Lithosphere-Asthenosphere System. Am. Geophys. Union Geodyn. Ser. 16: 111-123
Paterson MS. 1990． Rock deformation experimentation. in The Brittle-ductile Transition in Rocks, Geophys. Monogr. Ser. , Vol. 56,edited by A. G. Duba et al. AGU, Washington, D. C
Van der Wal Chopra D, Drury P, Fitz M and Gerald J. 1993． Relationships between dynamically recrystallized grain size and deformation conditions in experimentally deformed olivine rocks.Geophys. Res. Lett. , 20: 1479-1482
Wenk HR, Canova G, Brechet Y and Flandin L. 1991． A deformation-based model for recrystallization of anisotropic materials. Acta Mater. , 45: 3283-3296
Wright S and Adams BL. 1992． Automatic analysis of electron backscatter diffraction patterns. Metall. Trans. A: 23: 759-767
Zhang S and Karato S. 1995． Lattice preferred orientation of olivine deformed in simple shear. Nature, 375: 774-777
Zhang S, Shun-ichiro Karato, John Fitz Geral, Ulrich H. Faul and Yi Zhou. 2000． Simple shear deformation of olivine aggregates. Tectonophysics, 316: 133-152
Zhao YH, Ginsberg S and Kohlstedt DL. 2004． Solubility of Hydrogen in Olivine: Dependence on Temperature and Iron Content. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 147: 155-161
Zhao YH, Li X, Li Y, Zimmerman M and Kohlstedt DL. 2007． The Experimental Study of High Temperature and High Pressure Rheology of Faylite. Acta Petrologica Sinica, 23 (11) :2927-32
Zhao YH, Mecklenburgh J, Heidelbach F and Mackwell S. 2003． Crystalographic Prefered Oreintation Development of Germanate Olivine-Spinel Aggregates Deformed in Torsion. Mechanica Sinica,35(3) : 348-352
Zhao YH, Zimmerman ME and Kohlstedt DL. 2005． High temperature deformation experiment on iron rich olivine. Acta Petrologica Sinica, 21(3) : 999-1004
Zhao YH, Shi X, Zimmerman M and Kohlstedt DL. 2006． The effect of water on high temperature rheology of iron rich olivine. Acta Petrologica Siniea, 22(9) : 2381-86
Zhao YH, Qi C, Li Y, Zimmerman M and Kohlstedt DL. 2008． High strain torsion experiment on olivine aggregates. Acta Petrologica Sinica, 24(6) : 1411-1416
赵永红,Lawlis JD,Karato S.2003． 两相介质剪切变形的实验研究.力学学报,35(3) :348-352
赵永红,Zimmerman M,Kohlstedt DL.2005． 富铁橄榄石的高温变形实验研究.岩石学报,21(3) :999-1004
赵永红,施旭,Zimmerman ME,Kohlstedt DL.2006． 水含量对富铁橄榄石流变性的影响.岩石学报,22(9) :2381-86
赵永红,李小凡,李扬,Zimmerman ME,Kohlstedt DL.2007． 铁橄榄石的高温变形实验研究.岩石学报,23(11) :2927-32
赵永红,綦超,李杨,Zimmerman ME,Kohlstedt DL.2008． 橄榄石集合体扭转大变形实验研究.岩石学报,24(6) :1411-1416
Ave' Lallemant HG and Carter NL. 1970． Syntectonic recrystal-lization of olivine and modes of flow in the upper mantle. Geol. Soc. Am.Bull. ,81: 2203-2220
Bai Q, Mackwell SJ and Kohkstedt DL. 1991． High-temperature creep of olivine single crystals, Mechanical results for buffered samples. J.Geophy. Res. , 96: 2441-2463
Blackman DK, Orcott JA, Forsyth DW and Kendall JM. 1993． Seismic anisotropy in the mantle beneath an oceanic spreading centre.Nature, 366: 675-677
Bystricky M, Kunze K, Burlini L and Burg JP. 2000． High Shear Strain of Olivine Aggregates: Rheological and Seismic Consequences.Science, 290: 1564-1567
Chastel YB, Dawson PR, Wenk HR and Bennett K. 1993． Anisotropic convection with implications for the upper mantle. J. Geophys.Res. , 98: 17757-17771
Chopra PN and Paterson MS. 1981． The experimental deformation of dunite. Tectonophysics, 78: 453-473
Fuchs K. 1977． Seismic anisotropy of the subcrastal lithosphere as evidence for dynamical processes in the upper mantle. Geophys. J. R. Astron. Soc. , 49: 167-179
Gifkins RC. 1970． Optical Microscopy of Metals. Elsevier Sci. , New York
Hess HH. 1964． Seismic anisotropy of the uppermost mantle under oceans. Nature, 203． 629-631
Hirth G and Kohlstedt DL. 2003． Rheology of the upper mantle and the mantle wedge: a review from the experimentalists, In: Inside the Subduction Zone. Geophysical Monograph of AGU, 138: 83-105
Jessel MW. 1988． Simulation of fabric development in recrystallizing aggregates-Ⅰ. Description of the model. J. Struct. Geol. , 10: 771-778
Karato S, Toriumi M and Fujii T. 1980． Dynamic recrystallization of olivine during high temperature creep. Geophys. Res. Lett. , 7: 649-652
Karato S. 1988． The role of recrystallization in the preferred orientation of olivine. Phys. Earth Planet. Inter. , 51: 107-122
Karato S, Zhang S, Zimmerman ME, Daines MJ and Kohlstedt DL. 1998． Experimental studies of shear deformation of mantle materials: towards structural geology in the mantle. Pure Appl. Geophys. ,151: 589-603
Kohlstedt DL, Goetze C and Durham WB. 1976． Experimental deformation of olivine single crystals with application to flow in the mantle. in Petrophysies: The Physics and Chemistry of Minerals and Rocks, edited by R. G. J. Strens, p35-49, John Wiley, New York
Kohlstedt DL, Evans B and Mackwell SJ. 1995． Strength of the lithosphere: Constraints imposed by laboratory experiments. J. Geophys. Res. , 100: 17587-17602
Mainprice D and Silver P. 1993． Interpretation of SKS-waves using samples from the subcontinental lithosphere. Phys. Earth Planet. Inter. , 78: 257-280
Marchant DD and Gordon RS. 1971． Grain size distribution and grain growth in MgO and MgO-Fe_2O_3 solid solutions. J. Am. Ceram.Soc. , 55: 19-24
Mecklenburgh J, Zhao Y, Heidelbach F and Mackwell S. 2006． Deformation of olivine-spinel aggregates in the system ( Mg, Ni)_2GeO_4 deformed to high strain in torsion; Implications for upper mantle anisotropy. J. Geophys. Res., 111: B11209, Doi: 10． 1029/2006JB004285
Mercier JCC. 1985． Olivine and pyroxenes. In: Wenk HR ( Ed. ).Preferred Orientation in Deformed Metals and Rocks: An Introduction to Modern Texture Analysis. Academic Press, pp. 407-430
Nicolas A and Christensen N. 1987． Formation of anisotropy in upper mantle peridotites-a review. In: Fuchs K, Froidevaux C (eds. ).Composition, Structure and Dynamics of Lithosphere-Asthenosphere System. Am. Geophys. Union Geodyn. Ser. 16: 111-123
Paterson MS. 1990． Rock deformation experimentation. in The Brittle-ductile Transition in Rocks, Geophys. Monogr. Ser. , Vol. 56,edited by A. G. Duba et al. AGU, Washington, D. C
Van der Wal Chopra D, Drury P, Fitz M and Gerald J. 1993． Relationships between dynamically recrystallized grain size and deformation conditions in experimentally deformed olivine rocks.Geophys. Res. Lett. , 20: 1479-1482
Wenk HR, Canova G, Brechet Y and Flandin L. 1991． A deformation-based model for recrystallization of anisotropic materials. Acta Mater. , 45: 3283-3296
Wright S and Adams BL. 1992． Automatic analysis of electron backscatter diffraction patterns. Metall. Trans. A: 23: 759-767
Zhang S and Karato S. 1995． Lattice preferred orientation of olivine deformed in simple shear. Nature, 375: 774-777
Zhang S, Shun-ichiro Karato, John Fitz Geral, Ulrich H. Faul and Yi Zhou. 2000． Simple shear deformation of olivine aggregates. Tectonophysics, 316: 133-152
Zhao YH, Ginsberg S and Kohlstedt DL. 2004． Solubility of Hydrogen in Olivine: Dependence on Temperature and Iron Content. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 147: 155-161
Zhao YH, Li X, Li Y, Zimmerman M and Kohlstedt DL. 2007． The Experimental Study of High Temperature and High Pressure Rheology of Faylite. Acta Petrologica Sinica, 23 (11) :2927-32
Zhao YH, Mecklenburgh J, Heidelbach F and Mackwell S. 2003． Crystalographic Prefered Oreintation Development of Germanate Olivine-Spinel Aggregates Deformed in Torsion. Mechanica Sinica,35(3) : 348-352
Zhao YH, Zimmerman ME and Kohlstedt DL. 2005． High temperature deformation experiment on iron rich olivine. Acta Petrologica Sinica, 21(3) : 999-1004
Zhao YH, Shi X, Zimmerman M and Kohlstedt DL. 2006． The effect of water on high temperature rheology of iron rich olivine. Acta Petrologica Siniea, 22(9) : 2381-86
Zhao YH, Qi C, Li Y, Zimmerman M and Kohlstedt DL. 2008． High strain torsion experiment on olivine aggregates. Acta Petrologica Sinica, 24(6) : 1411-1416
赵永红,Lawlis JD,Karato S.2003． 两相介质剪切变形的实验研究.力学学报,35(3) :348-352
赵永红,Zimmerman M,Kohlstedt DL.2005． 富铁橄榄石的高温变形实验研究.岩石学报,21(3) :999-1004
赵永红,施旭,Zimmerman ME,Kohlstedt DL.2006． 水含量对富铁橄榄石流变性的影响.岩石学报,22(9) :2381-86
赵永红,李小凡,李扬,Zimmerman ME,Kohlstedt DL.2007． 铁橄榄石的高温变形实验研究.岩石学报,23(11) :2927-32
赵永红,綦超,李杨,Zimmerman ME,Kohlstedt DL.2008． 橄榄石集合体扭转大变形实验研究.岩石学报,24(6) :1411-1416
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