乡镇中小学校舍抗震抗倒安居安学设防目标——汶川地震北川擂鼓镇中小学校舍震害原因探究
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摘要
汶川地震中,在10度区擂鼓镇调查到7幢校舍,6幢有不同程度的破坏,均裂而不倒,1幢局部倒塌,探究原因主要是抗震构造措施和抗震能力不同。实例表明,乡镇中小学教学楼采用构造柱圈梁抗震体系,单边外走廊的3层砖砌体房屋,平面布置合理的,可达到大震不倒的安居安学设防目标。本文将楼层综合抗震能力指数发展为抗倒能力指数,用以判别多层砌体房屋的抗倒能力,可实施其抗倒设计。
Seven school buildings are surveyed including six buildings with different damage degrees and one partly collapsed in the area with intensity X in Wenchuan earthquake.The difference with earthquake-resistant constructional measures and seismic capacities are the main cause for the different damage to these buildings.These examples show that the seismic fortification objects of no collapse in the strong earthquakes can be achieved,if the three-story rural primary and middle school buildings with one outside corridor are strengthened by ring beam and constructional column system and have reasonable layout.The story comprehensive seismic capability indexes are developed to be collapse resistant indexes,which are used to determine the collapse resistant capability and relevant design of multistory masonry buildings.
Seven school buildings are surveyed including six buildings with different damage degrees and one partly collapsed in the area with intensity X in Wenchuan earthquake.The difference with earthquake-resistant constructional measures and seismic capacities are the main cause for the different damage to these buildings.These examples show that the seismic fortification objects of no collapse in the strong earthquakes can be achieved,if the three-story rural primary and middle school buildings with one outside corridor are strengthened by ring beam and constructional column system and have reasonable layout.The story comprehensive seismic capability indexes are developed to be collapse resistant indexes,which are used to determine the collapse resistant capability and relevant design of multistory masonry buildings.
引文
[1]GB 50011-2001建筑抗震设计规范[S].
[2]GB 50023-2009建筑抗震鉴定标准[S].
[3]JGJ 116-2009建筑抗震加固技术规程[S].
[4]杨玉成,杨柳,高云学.多层砖房的地震破坏和抗裂抗倒设计[M].北京:地震出版社,1981.
[5]刘恢先.唐山大地震震害(二)[M].北京:地震出版社,1986.
[6]杨玉成,杨柳,高云学,等.现有多层砖房震害预测的方法及其可靠度,地震工程与工程振动,1982,2(3):75-85.
[7]杨玉成,孙柏涛.再论多层砖砌体住宅楼的抗倒塌设计——汶川地震映秀镇漩口中学宿舍楼震害探究[J].地震工程与工程振动,2010,30(6):1-12.
[8]孙柏涛,孙得璋.建筑物单体震害预测新方法[J].北京工业大学学报,2008,34(7):701-703.
[9]孙柏涛,胡少卿.基于已有震害矩阵模拟的群体震害预测方法研究[J].地震工程与工程振动,2005,25(6):102-105.
[2]GB 50023-2009建筑抗震鉴定标准[S].
[3]JGJ 116-2009建筑抗震加固技术规程[S].
[4]杨玉成,杨柳,高云学.多层砖房的地震破坏和抗裂抗倒设计[M].北京:地震出版社,1981.
[5]刘恢先.唐山大地震震害(二)[M].北京:地震出版社,1986.
[6]杨玉成,杨柳,高云学,等.现有多层砖房震害预测的方法及其可靠度,地震工程与工程振动,1982,2(3):75-85.
[7]杨玉成,孙柏涛.再论多层砖砌体住宅楼的抗倒塌设计——汶川地震映秀镇漩口中学宿舍楼震害探究[J].地震工程与工程振动,2010,30(6):1-12.
[8]孙柏涛,孙得璋.建筑物单体震害预测新方法[J].北京工业大学学报,2008,34(7):701-703.
[9]孙柏涛,胡少卿.基于已有震害矩阵模拟的群体震害预测方法研究[J].地震工程与工程振动,2005,25(6):102-105.
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