关于上海市防灾公园规划与建设的探讨
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摘要
汶川地震暴露出目前我国城市公园建设普遍存在的一个重要问题,就是其防灾功能不强。城市公园应是防灾公园。防灾公园是起广域防灾据点、避难场所作用的城市公园和缓冲绿地,应符合城市防灾规划要求。从防灾公园的定义出发,本文重点阐述了防灾公园的3个特点:规模、构造和设施;通过每平方公里公园数量、每万人公园数量、人均公园面积及公园占市区面积比例等多项关键指标,对上海市防灾公园的现状进行了分析,指出了存在的主要问题,并对上海市防灾公园的规划、建设提出了2点建议,一是完善防灾绿化网格,二是逐步实现现有城市公园向防灾公园的转型。
In Wenchuan earthquake,we found that there were still problems in city park system in terms of disaster prevention and reduction and we should focus on the function of disaster prevention and reduction in city park planning and construction.The city park ought to be Disaster Prevention Park.Disaster Prevention Park is a kind of City Park and green land for generalized shelter for disaster prevention and refuge,which is not the ordinary city park and green land and should meet the requirements of urban planning for disaster prevention and reduction.From the definition,Disaster Prevention Park is described emphatically in three characteristics: scale,structure and facilities.Some key parameters, such as the number of parks per square km,the number of parks per million people,park area per number of residents,and the ratio of park area to urban area, are statistically analyzed for the status of Disaster Prevention Park in Shanghai City.The main problems in the planning and construction for Disaster Prevention Park in Shanghai City are pointed out.Based on this,two suggestions are made as below:(1) the planning of Disaster Prevention Park should base on the disaster prevention green network;(2) the city park should gradually transform into the disaster prevention park.
In Wenchuan earthquake,we found that there were still problems in city park system in terms of disaster prevention and reduction and we should focus on the function of disaster prevention and reduction in city park planning and construction.The city park ought to be Disaster Prevention Park.Disaster Prevention Park is a kind of City Park and green land for generalized shelter for disaster prevention and refuge,which is not the ordinary city park and green land and should meet the requirements of urban planning for disaster prevention and reduction.From the definition,Disaster Prevention Park is described emphatically in three characteristics: scale,structure and facilities.Some key parameters, such as the number of parks per square km,the number of parks per million people,park area per number of residents,and the ratio of park area to urban area, are statistically analyzed for the status of Disaster Prevention Park in Shanghai City.The main problems in the planning and construction for Disaster Prevention Park in Shanghai City are pointed out.Based on this,two suggestions are made as below:(1) the planning of Disaster Prevention Park should base on the disaster prevention green network;(2) the city park should gradually transform into the disaster prevention park.
引文
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[2]GB 21734-2008,地震应急避难场所、地址及配套设施[S].
[3]上海统计局.上海统计年鉴—2009[M].北京:中国统计出版社,2009.Shanghai Bureau of Statistics.Shanghai StatisticsYearbook—2009[M].Beijing:China Statistical Pub-lishing House,2009.
[4]上海市中心城公共绿地规划[EB/OL].http:∥www.shghj.gov.cn/News-Show.aspx?id=1248.
[5]车生泉.公园绿地景观结构分析与生态规划——以上海市为例[M].南京:东南大学出版社,2003.Che S Q.Landscape Structure Analysis and Ecologi-cal Planning of Park——A Case Study of ShanghaiCity[M].Nanjing:Southeast University Press,2003.
[6]李景奇,夏季.城市防灾公园规划研究[J].中国园林,2007,32(11):16-23.Li J Q,Xia J.Study of urban disaster prevention parkplanning[J].Journal of Chinese Landscape Architec-ture,2007,32(11):16-23.
[7]GB 50413-2007,城市抗震防灾规划标准[S].
[8]邱建,江俊浩,贾刘强.汶川地震对我国公园防灾减灾系统建设的启示[J].城市规划,2008,32(11):72-77.Qiu J,Jiang J H,Jia L Q.Enlightenment of disasterprevention and reduction of the park system construc-tion with regard to Wenchuan earthquake[J].Journalof City Planning Review,2008,32(11):72-77.
[9]London′s strategic open space network[EB/OL].http:∥www.london.gov.uk/the london plan/mapsdiagrams/map3d03.jsp.
[10]初建宇,苏幼坡,刘瑞兴.城市防灾公园“平灾结合”的规划设计理念[J].世界地震工程,2008,9(5):116-125.Chu J Y,Su Y P,Liu R X.The integrated designprinciple of urban disaster prevention parks[J].Jour-nal of World Earthquake Engineering,2008,9(5):116-125.
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