沙坡头铁路防护体系防护效益系统仿真研究
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摘要
在风洞实验、野外观测的基础上,采用系统仿真方法,对沙坡头铁路风沙防护体系防护效益、结构配置、防护宽度进行了研究.风洞实验测定了流沙输沙率、栅栏阻沙率、草方格阻沙率、植被阻沙率.与风洞实验模型相似的野外观测,确定了风洞实验数据与野外观测数据转换系数.以风洞实验、野外观测数据为基础,对防护体系三种不同配置结构的防护宽度,进行了系统仿真研究.阻沙栅栏+草方格+植被的防护体系结构防护宽度90—95m,阻沙栅栏+草方格的防护体系结构防护宽度100—105m,2道阻沙栅栏+草方格+植被的防护体系结构防护宽度50—55m,可以达到流沙输沙与防护系统阻沙量理论平衡.研究所得结论对风沙区交通线路防护体系设计具有借鉴意义,所采用的方法,对风沙工程研究有普遍适用意义.
The efficiency, structure scheme and protection width of wind and sand protection system for railway in Shapotou are studied with the method of system simulation on the basis of wind tunnel experiment and field measurement. The ratio of moving sand transportation, ratio of stop sand by fence, ratio of stop sand by straw checkerboard, ratio of stop sand by vegetation are measured by wind tunnel experiment. Then the transformation coefficient from the data in wind tunnel experiment to the data in field observation is determined. Based on the wind tunnel experiment and field observation, the system simulation is applied to determine the protection width of three different structure scheme. System of the pattern of fence+straw chessboard+vegetation with 90—95m wide, system of the pattern of fence+straw chessboard with 100—105m wide, system of the pattern of 2fence+straw chessboard+vegetation with 50—55m wide, is enough to keep the sand transpot quantity and the sand arresting quantity in theoretic balance.The result from the study can help design the protection system of traffic roads in wind and sand region, and the methods used in the paper can be used universally to make the protection project of wind and sand.
The efficiency, structure scheme and protection width of wind and sand protection system for railway in Shapotou are studied with the method of system simulation on the basis of wind tunnel experiment and field measurement. The ratio of moving sand transportation, ratio of stop sand by fence, ratio of stop sand by straw checkerboard, ratio of stop sand by vegetation are measured by wind tunnel experiment. Then the transformation coefficient from the data in wind tunnel experiment to the data in field observation is determined. Based on the wind tunnel experiment and field observation, the system simulation is applied to determine the protection width of three different structure scheme. System of the pattern of fence+straw chessboard+vegetation with 90—95m wide, system of the pattern of fence+straw chessboard with 100—105m wide, system of the pattern of 2fence+straw chessboard+vegetation with 50—55m wide, is enough to keep the sand transpot quantity and the sand arresting quantity in theoretic balance.The result from the study can help design the protection system of traffic roads in wind and sand region, and the methods used in the paper can be used universally to make the protection project of wind and sand.
引文
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[11] 金德生.地貌实验与模拟[M].北京:地震出版社,1995JinDesheng.Topographicalexperimentandsimulation[M].Beijing:SeismPress,1995
[2] 凌玉泉,金炯,甄计国.腾格里沙漠东南缘的风沙活动规律[A]∥中国科学院兰州沙漠研究所沙坡头沙漠科学研究站.腾格里沙漠沙坡头地区流沙治理研究[C].宁夏银川:宁夏人民出版社,1988:309 317LingYuquan,JinJun,ZhenJiguo.MovementallawsoftheblownsandinShapotouregionofthetenggersanddesert[A]∥ShapotouDesertResearchStation,LanzhouInstituteofDesertResearch.ManagementofmobilesandinShapotouregionofthetenggersanddesert[C].Yinchuan,Ningxia:NingxiaPeople'sPublishingHouse,1988:309 317
[3] 凌玉泉,金炯,邹本功.栅栏在防止前沿积沙中的作用沙坡头地区的栅栏阻沙试验研究[A]∥中国科学院兰州沙漠研究所沙坡头沙漠科学研究站.腾格里沙漠沙坡头地区流沙治理研究[C].宁夏银川:宁夏人民出版社,1988:318 325LingYuquan,JinJun,ZouBengong.Rolesoffencestechniquesinlevelingsandaccumulationaroundsandbreaks—experimentonfencearrestingsandinShaporegion[A]∥ShapotouDesertResearchStation,LanzhouInstituteofDesertResearch.ManagementofmobilesandinShapotouregionofthetenggersanddesert[C].Yinchuan,Ningxia:NingxiaPeople'sPublishingHouse,1988:318 325
[4] 刘贤万.草方格沙障的风洞实验[A]∥中国科学院兰州沙漠研究所沙坡头沙漠科学研究站.腾格里沙漠沙坡头地区流沙治理研究[C].宁夏银川:宁夏人民出版社,1988:326 334LiuXianwan.Experimentonstrawcheckerboardsbarriersinwindtunnel[A]∥ShapotouDesertResearchStation,LanzhouInstituteofDesertResearch.ManagementofmobilesandinShapotouregionofthetenggersanddesert[C].Yinchuan,Ningxia:NingxiaPeople'sPublishingHouse,1988:326 334
[5] 邹本功,丛自立,刘世建.沙坡头地区风沙流的基本特征及其防治效应的初步观测[J].中国沙漠,1981,(1):3339ZouBengong,CongZili,LiuShijian.BasiccharacteristicsofaeoliansandflowsinShapotouregionandeffectoftheircontrolmeasures[J].DesertsofChina,1981,(1):33 39
[6] 兰州沙漠研究所沙坡头沙漠科学研究站.包兰铁路沙坡头段固沙原理与措施[M].宁夏银川:宁夏人民出版社,1991ShapotouDesertResearchStation,LanzhouInstituteofDesertResearch.Principlesandmeasuresforsand fixingattheShapotousectionoftheBaotou Lanzhourailway[M].Yinchuan,Ningxia:NingxiaPeople'sPublishingHouse,1991
[7] 胡孟春,赵爱国,李宏.沙坡头铁路防护体系阻沙效益风洞实验研究[J].中国沙漠,2002,(6):598 601HuMengchun,ZhaoAiguo,LiHong.Sand trappingefficiencyofrailwayprotectivesysteminSapotoutestedbywindtunnel[J].DesertsofChina,2002,(6):598 601
[8] 吴正.风沙地貌学与治沙工程学[M].北京:科学出版社,2003WuZheng.Geomorphologyofwind driftsandsandtheircontrolledengineering[M].Beijing:SciencePress,2003
[9] 刘贤万.实验风沙物理学与风沙工程学[M].北京:科学出版社,1995LiuXianwan.Experimentalwind sandflowphysicsandsanddriftcontrolengineering[M].Beijing:SciencePress,1995
[10] 刘恕.沙坡头铁路防沙工程的系统特征[A]∥中国科学院兰州沙漠研究所沙坡头沙漠科学研究站.腾格里沙漠沙坡头地区流沙治理研究[C].宁夏银川:宁夏人民出版社,1988:8 12LiuShu.FeturesofthepotectionsystemsforrailwayagainstdriftingsanddunesinShapotouareas[A]∥ShapotouDesertResearchStation,LanzhouInstituteofDesertResearch.ManagementofmobilesandinShapotouregionofthetenggersanddesert[C].Yinchuan,Ningxia:NingxiaPeople'sPublishingHouse,1988:8 12
[11] 金德生.地貌实验与模拟[M].北京:地震出版社,1995JinDesheng.Topographicalexperimentandsimulation[M].Beijing:SeismPress,1995
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