塔里木北缘岩石圈热-流变结构及其地球动力学意义
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摘要
结合塔里木北缘的库车拗陷和塔北隆起这两个构造单元的地温资料和岩石热物性参数,利用一维热传导方程,给出了塔里木北缘地区岩石圈的热结构。塔里木北缘地区平均地表热流为45mW/m~2左右,地幔热流约为20～24mW/m~2,莫霍面温度为514～603℃,热岩石圈厚度138～182km。在此基础上,根据该区地震测深剖面揭示的P波速度结构和岩石学,结合流变学模拟进一步确定了该区的岩石圈强度及其分布特征。研究结果表明,岩石圈的流变分层现象明显,整个上地壳和下地壳部分以脆性性质为主,下地壳底部才显韧性性质,壳下岩石圈地幔也表现为脆性性质,具有典型的“三明治”结构。此外,岩石圈强度也具有横向变化的特征,隆起区强度大于坳陷区强度;从南往北,强度依次降低,塔北隆起南部强度最大,库车坳陷强度最小。塔里木北缘地区岩石圈拉张背景下强度为4.77×10~(12)～5.03×10~(13)N/m,挤压背景下为6.5×10~(12)～9.40×10~(13)N/m,其脆-韧性转换深度在20～33km之间。塔里木北缘的岩石圈较冷且强度较大,岩石圈表现为刚性并以整体变形为主。该区地震活动性研究也表明了这一整体变形的地球动力学特征。
引文
1) 王良书,李 成,刘绍文,等.塔里木北缘库车再生前陆盆地大地热流分布特征.21世纪中国油气勘探国际研讨会论文集,2002． 638～642
1) 高 锐. 塔里木盆地与周缘山脉的岩石圈尺度耦合关系. 第四届世界华人地质科学研讨会论文摘要集,2002． 62～63
1 Molnar P.Continental tectonics in the aftermath of plate tectonics. Nature, 1988, 335． 131～137
2 Ranalli G.Donald C M. Rheological stratification of the lithosphere. Tectonophysics, 1987, 132: 281～295
3 Ranalli G Rheology of the Earth. 2nd ed, London. Chapman & Hall, 1995． 360～365
4 Chen W P, Molnar P.Focal depths of intracontinental and interpolate earthquake and their implication for the thermal and mechanical properties of the lithosphere. J Geophys Res, 1983, 88: 4183～4214
5 Ranalli G.Rheology of the lithosphere in space and time. In: Burg J P,Ford M, eds. Orogeny Through Time. The Geological Society, London, 1997． 19～37
6 王良书,李 成,杨 春.塔里木盆地岩石层热结构特征.地球物理学报,1996,39(6) :795～803
7 王良书,李 成,刘福田,等 中国东、西部两类盆地岩石圈热-流变学结构,中国科学,D辑,2000,30(增刊):116～121
8 施小斌,周 蒂,张毅详.南海北部陆缘岩石图热-流变结构.科学通报,2000,45(15) :1660～1665
9 Shi Xiaobin, Zhou Di, Qiu Xuelin, et al. Thermal and rheological structures of the Xisha Trough, South China Sea.Tectonophysics, 2002, 351． 285～300
10 减绍先,刘永刚,宁杰远. 华北地区岩石圈热结构的研究. 地球物理学报,2002,45(1) :56～66
11 臧绍先,李 昶,宁杰远,等.华北岩石圈三维流变结构的一种初步模型.中国科学,D辑,2002,32(7) :589～597
12 林传勇,史兰斌,韩秀玲,等.浙江省上地幔的热结构及流变学特征.中国科学,D辑,1998,28(2) :97～104
13 周真恒,向才英,覃玉玺,等.云南深部热流研究.西北地震学报,1997 19(4) :51～57
14 Lu Huafu, Howell D G,Jiang Dong, et al. The rejuvenation of the Kuqa foreland basin, northern flank of the Tarim basin,northwest China. International Geology Review, 1994, 36: 1151～1158
15 Avouac J P,Tappnnier P, Bai M, et al. Active thrusting and folding along the northern Tien shan and Cenozoic rotation of the Tarim relative to Dzungaria and Kazakhstan. J Geophy Res, 1993, 98(B4) : 6755～6804
16 贾承造.中国塔里木盆地征与油气.北京:石油工业出版社,1997． 348～357
17 张家茹,邵学钟,范会吉.塔里木盆地中部地震转换测深及其解释.地震地质,1998,20(1) :34～42
18 Ketcham R A. Distribution of heat producing elements in the upper and middle crust of southern and west central Arizona:Evidence from the core complexes. J Gephys Res, 1996, 101． 13611～13632
19 Rybach L, Buntebarth G.The variation of heat production, density and seismic velocity with rock type in the continental lithosphere. Tectonophysics, 1984, 103: 335～344
20 Cermak V, Bodri L. A heat production model of the crust and upper mantle. Tectonophysics, 1991, 194: 307～323
21 汪集旸,汪缉安.辽河裂谷盆地地壳上地幔热结构.中国科学,B辑,1986,(8) :856～866
22 邱楠生.中国西北部盆地岩石热导率和生热率特征.地质科学,2002,37(2) :196～206
23 Artemieva I A, Mooney W D. Thermal thickness and evolution of Precambrian lithosphere: A global study. J Geophys Res,2001． 106(B8) . 16387～16414
24 Hu Shengbiao, Wang Jiyang. Heat flow, deep temperature and thermal structure across the orogenic belts in Southeast China.J Geody, 2000, 30: 461～473
25 Seipold U. Depth dependence of thermal transport properties for typical crustal rocks. Phys Earth Planet Inter, 1992, 69:299～303
26 Chapman D S. Thermal gradients in the continental crust. In: Dawson J B, Carswell D A, Wedepohl K H, eds. The Nature of the Lower Continental Crust. Geological Society Special Publication, London, 1986, 24． 63～70
27 Sibson R H. Frictional constrains on thrust, wrench and normal faults. Nature, 1974, 249: 542～544
28 Kirby S H. Rheology of the lithosphere. Rev Geophy Space Phys, 1983, 21: 1458～1487
29 Hopper J R, Buck W R. The initiation of the rifting at constant tectonic force: Role of diffusion creep. J Geophys Res, 1993,98: 16213～16221
30 Miosio K, Kaikkonen P, Beekman F.Rheological structure and dynamic response of the DSS profile BALTIC in the SE Fennoscandian Shield. Tectonophysics, 2000, 320: 175～194
31 Kusznir N J, Park R G Continental lithosphere strength: the crit
1) 高 锐. 塔里木盆地与周缘山脉的岩石圈尺度耦合关系. 第四届世界华人地质科学研讨会论文摘要集,2002． 62～63
1 Molnar P.Continental tectonics in the aftermath of plate tectonics. Nature, 1988, 335． 131～137
2 Ranalli G.Donald C M. Rheological stratification of the lithosphere. Tectonophysics, 1987, 132: 281～295
3 Ranalli G Rheology of the Earth. 2nd ed, London. Chapman & Hall, 1995． 360～365
4 Chen W P, Molnar P.Focal depths of intracontinental and interpolate earthquake and their implication for the thermal and mechanical properties of the lithosphere. J Geophys Res, 1983, 88: 4183～4214
5 Ranalli G.Rheology of the lithosphere in space and time. In: Burg J P,Ford M, eds. Orogeny Through Time. The Geological Society, London, 1997． 19～37
6 王良书,李 成,杨 春.塔里木盆地岩石层热结构特征.地球物理学报,1996,39(6) :795～803
7 王良书,李 成,刘福田,等 中国东、西部两类盆地岩石圈热-流变学结构,中国科学,D辑,2000,30(增刊):116～121
8 施小斌,周 蒂,张毅详.南海北部陆缘岩石图热-流变结构.科学通报,2000,45(15) :1660～1665
9 Shi Xiaobin, Zhou Di, Qiu Xuelin, et al. Thermal and rheological structures of the Xisha Trough, South China Sea.Tectonophysics, 2002, 351． 285～300
10 减绍先,刘永刚,宁杰远. 华北地区岩石圈热结构的研究. 地球物理学报,2002,45(1) :56～66
11 臧绍先,李 昶,宁杰远,等.华北岩石圈三维流变结构的一种初步模型.中国科学,D辑,2002,32(7) :589～597
12 林传勇,史兰斌,韩秀玲,等.浙江省上地幔的热结构及流变学特征.中国科学,D辑,1998,28(2) :97～104
13 周真恒,向才英,覃玉玺,等.云南深部热流研究.西北地震学报,1997 19(4) :51～57
14 Lu Huafu, Howell D G,Jiang Dong, et al. The rejuvenation of the Kuqa foreland basin, northern flank of the Tarim basin,northwest China. International Geology Review, 1994, 36: 1151～1158
15 Avouac J P,Tappnnier P, Bai M, et al. Active thrusting and folding along the northern Tien shan and Cenozoic rotation of the Tarim relative to Dzungaria and Kazakhstan. J Geophy Res, 1993, 98(B4) : 6755～6804
16 贾承造.中国塔里木盆地征与油气.北京:石油工业出版社,1997． 348～357
17 张家茹,邵学钟,范会吉.塔里木盆地中部地震转换测深及其解释.地震地质,1998,20(1) :34～42
18 Ketcham R A. Distribution of heat producing elements in the upper and middle crust of southern and west central Arizona:Evidence from the core complexes. J Gephys Res, 1996, 101． 13611～13632
19 Rybach L, Buntebarth G.The variation of heat production, density and seismic velocity with rock type in the continental lithosphere. Tectonophysics, 1984, 103: 335～344
20 Cermak V, Bodri L. A heat production model of the crust and upper mantle. Tectonophysics, 1991, 194: 307～323
21 汪集旸,汪缉安.辽河裂谷盆地地壳上地幔热结构.中国科学,B辑,1986,(8) :856～866
22 邱楠生.中国西北部盆地岩石热导率和生热率特征.地质科学,2002,37(2) :196～206
23 Artemieva I A, Mooney W D. Thermal thickness and evolution of Precambrian lithosphere: A global study. J Geophys Res,2001． 106(B8) . 16387～16414
24 Hu Shengbiao, Wang Jiyang. Heat flow, deep temperature and thermal structure across the orogenic belts in Southeast China.J Geody, 2000, 30: 461～473
25 Seipold U. Depth dependence of thermal transport properties for typical crustal rocks. Phys Earth Planet Inter, 1992, 69:299～303
26 Chapman D S. Thermal gradients in the continental crust. In: Dawson J B, Carswell D A, Wedepohl K H, eds. The Nature of the Lower Continental Crust. Geological Society Special Publication, London, 1986, 24． 63～70
27 Sibson R H. Frictional constrains on thrust, wrench and normal faults. Nature, 1974, 249: 542～544
28 Kirby S H. Rheology of the lithosphere. Rev Geophy Space Phys, 1983, 21: 1458～1487
29 Hopper J R, Buck W R. The initiation of the rifting at constant tectonic force: Role of diffusion creep. J Geophys Res, 1993,98: 16213～16221
30 Miosio K, Kaikkonen P, Beekman F.Rheological structure and dynamic response of the DSS profile BALTIC in the SE Fennoscandian Shield. Tectonophysics, 2000, 320: 175～194
31 Kusznir N J, Park R G Continental lithosphere strength: the crit
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