用近垂直地震反射方法研究莫霍面的特征与成因
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摘要
利用近垂直地震反射方法研究了在中国满洲里－绥芬河地学断面域内泰康－哈尔滨约１３０ｋｍ范围内地壳结构和莫霍面特征．通过数据采集，定量处理和综合分析，得到以下认识：在野外观测中激发井深和震源能量是主要参数；在资料处理中速度分析与共反射点分布的处理是主要技术．分析莫霍震相可以得到它的层状与似层状内部结构以及起伏、断裂等外形特征．利用傅立叶谱、时频分析与瞬时信息可更细致地研究莫霍特征．影响莫霍特征与成因的因素主要为分异作用、地幔对流、相变、地球转动和板块运动；其中地幔对流和相变是形成莫霍的主要因素．
Nearly vertical seismic reflecgion method is the main one to research for Moho.In the field observation the explosive well depth and the seismic source energy arethe major factors. In the data processing velocity analysis and the processing ofcommon reflecgion pointS distribugion are the major techniques. By the analysis ofMoho seismic waves phases we can acquire not only the interior structure of itsstratification and resemble stratification but also the exterior characteristics of itsfluctuations, faults and so on. Applying Fourier spectrum, bine-frequency analysis,instantaneous information we can exactly research for Moho interior characteristics.The five factors, which Put different emphases and have a fundamental effect onMoho characteristics and formation on the whole, are differentiation reaction, mantleconvection, phase variation, earth rotation, plate movement Mantle convection andphase variation are the major factors of Moho formation.
Nearly vertical seismic reflecgion method is the main one to research for Moho.In the field observation the explosive well depth and the seismic source energy arethe major factors. In the data processing velocity analysis and the processing ofcommon reflecgion pointS distribugion are the major techniques. By the analysis ofMoho seismic waves phases we can acquire not only the interior structure of itsstratification and resemble stratification but also the exterior characteristics of itsfluctuations, faults and so on. Applying Fourier spectrum, bine-frequency analysis,instantaneous information we can exactly research for Moho interior characteristics.The five factors, which Put different emphases and have a fundamental effect onMoho characteristics and formation on the whole, are differentiation reaction, mantleconvection, phase variation, earth rotation, plate movement Mantle convection andphase variation are the major factors of Moho formation.
引文
1傅承义,陈运泰,祁贵仲.地球物理学基础.北京:科学出版社,1991 FU Cheng-Yi, CHEN Yun-Tai, QI Gui-Zhong. Foundation of Geophysics. Beliing: Science Press, 1991
2曾融生.固体地球物理学导论.北京:科学出版社,1984 ZENG Rong-Sheng. Introduction of Solid Geophysics. Beijing: Science Press, 1984
3魏斯禹,膝古文,王谦身等.中国东部大陆边缘地带的岩石层结构与动力学.北京:科学出版社,1990 WEI Si-Yu, TENG Ji-Wen, WANG Qian-Shen, et al. Lithosphere Structure and Dynamics in the Margin ofEastern Continent of China (in Chinese). Beijing: Science Rress, 1990
4 Jarchow C M Thompson G A. The Nature of the Mohorovicic discontinuity. Ann. Rey. Earth Planet Sci,1989, 17:475-506
5 Fountain D M, Salisbury M H. Exposed cross-section through the continental crust: Implications for cruststructure, petrology and evolution. Earth Planet. Sci. In Lett., 1981, 56:263-277
6 DeBari S, Kay S M Kay R W. Ultramafic xenoliths from Adagdak Volcano, Adak, Aleutian Islands, Alaska:deformed igneous cumulates from the Moho of an island are. J. Geol., 1987, 95:329-341
7 Hiss H History of Ocean Basins. In Petrologic Studies: A Volume in Honor of A. F. Buddington, ed. A.E. J. Engel, H L James, B. F. Leonard, 1:599-620, Boulder: Geol. Soc. An. 1962
8曾融生.莫霍界面的性质.地球物理学报,1964,13:180—188 ZENG Rong-Sheng. Nature of Moho interface. Chinese J Geophys. (in Chinese), 1964, 13: 180-188
9 Weng Shijie, Chen Hushen, Zhou Xueqing, et al. Deep seismic probing of continental crust in the lowerYangtze regions eastern China. Tectonophysics, 1990, 173:297-305
10 Zhao Wenjin, Melson K D, et al. Deep seismic reflection evidence for continental underthrusting beneathsouth Tibet. Nature, 1993, 366:557-559
11 YANG Bac-Jun, Liu Cat, Han Li-Guo, et al. A study of detachment faults of the upper crust inchnzhouli--Suifenhe GGT by the method of vertical seismic refiecgion. In: Liu Guang ding, ed. Proceedingsof the 30th international Geological Congress, Geophysics, Vol. 20. Uthecht the Mtherlands: VSP, 1997.51-61
12 Xiemperer S L, Brown L D, Oliver J E, et al. Some tesults of COCORP seismic reflection profiling in theGenville-age Adirondack Mountains. J Earth Sci., 1985, 22: 141-153
13 Brown L D. Lower continental crust: Variations mapped by COCORP deep seismic profiling. Annal. Geophy.,1987, 5: 325-330
14 Nelson K D. A unified view of craton evolution motivated by recent deep seismic reflection and refasetionresults. Geophys. J. Int., 1991, 105:25-35
15 Association of Hungarion GeophysicistS and Eotvos Lorand Geophysical Institute of Hungary. 6thinternational symposium on seismic reflecgion probing of the continents and their margins program & abstracts.Budapest Hungary, 1994
16 Stanford University and the United States Geological Survey. 7th international symposium on deep seismicprofiling of the continents program & abstracts. Muntery, U. S. A., 1996
17崔霖沛.深部地震调查之现状.见:项仁杰等主编.地壳和上地幔研究(八十年代进展).北京:地震出版社, 1991.130-149 CUI Lin-Pei. Current situation of deep seismic survey. In: XIANG Ren-Jie, et al. ed. Study of crust andupper mantle (Progress in the eighties)(in Chinese). Beijing: Seismology Press, 1991. 130-149
18杨宝俊,杨平华,李春华.关于大陆与陆缘的深部地震探查的进展-1994、1996两届国际学术讨论会综述.长春 地质学院学报,1997,27:182—189 YABG Bao-Jun, YANG Rug-Hua LI Chun-Hua. Progress on deep seismic probing in the studying ofcontinent and continental margins- A summary of 6th and 7th international symposium. Journal OfChangchun University Of Earth Science(in Chinese), 1997, 27: 182-189
19杨宝俊,王宝昌,张伯军.弹性波理论.长春:东北师范大学出版社,1990.278—285 YANG Bao-Jun, WANG Bao-Chang, ZHANG Bai-JUn. Theory of Elastic Wave (in Chinese). Changchun:Northeast Teachers University Press, 1990, 278-285
20 Sadowiak P, Wever T, Meissner R Deep seismic reflectivity patterns in specific tectonic tnts of westernand central Europe. Geophy. J Int., 1991, 105:45-54
21斯特勒拉A N著,自然科学基础第三册.地学.黄天祥等译.北京:科学出版社, 1984, 264—267 Straier A H. Essentials of Physical Science (The third volume, Geoscience). New York: John Wiley &
2曾融生.固体地球物理学导论.北京:科学出版社,1984 ZENG Rong-Sheng. Introduction of Solid Geophysics. Beijing: Science Press, 1984
3魏斯禹,膝古文,王谦身等.中国东部大陆边缘地带的岩石层结构与动力学.北京:科学出版社,1990 WEI Si-Yu, TENG Ji-Wen, WANG Qian-Shen, et al. Lithosphere Structure and Dynamics in the Margin ofEastern Continent of China (in Chinese). Beijing: Science Rress, 1990
4 Jarchow C M Thompson G A. The Nature of the Mohorovicic discontinuity. Ann. Rey. Earth Planet Sci,1989, 17:475-506
5 Fountain D M, Salisbury M H. Exposed cross-section through the continental crust: Implications for cruststructure, petrology and evolution. Earth Planet. Sci. In Lett., 1981, 56:263-277
6 DeBari S, Kay S M Kay R W. Ultramafic xenoliths from Adagdak Volcano, Adak, Aleutian Islands, Alaska:deformed igneous cumulates from the Moho of an island are. J. Geol., 1987, 95:329-341
7 Hiss H History of Ocean Basins. In Petrologic Studies: A Volume in Honor of A. F. Buddington, ed. A.E. J. Engel, H L James, B. F. Leonard, 1:599-620, Boulder: Geol. Soc. An. 1962
8曾融生.莫霍界面的性质.地球物理学报,1964,13:180—188 ZENG Rong-Sheng. Nature of Moho interface. Chinese J Geophys. (in Chinese), 1964, 13: 180-188
9 Weng Shijie, Chen Hushen, Zhou Xueqing, et al. Deep seismic probing of continental crust in the lowerYangtze regions eastern China. Tectonophysics, 1990, 173:297-305
10 Zhao Wenjin, Melson K D, et al. Deep seismic reflection evidence for continental underthrusting beneathsouth Tibet. Nature, 1993, 366:557-559
11 YANG Bac-Jun, Liu Cat, Han Li-Guo, et al. A study of detachment faults of the upper crust inchnzhouli--Suifenhe GGT by the method of vertical seismic refiecgion. In: Liu Guang ding, ed. Proceedingsof the 30th international Geological Congress, Geophysics, Vol. 20. Uthecht the Mtherlands: VSP, 1997.51-61
12 Xiemperer S L, Brown L D, Oliver J E, et al. Some tesults of COCORP seismic reflection profiling in theGenville-age Adirondack Mountains. J Earth Sci., 1985, 22: 141-153
13 Brown L D. Lower continental crust: Variations mapped by COCORP deep seismic profiling. Annal. Geophy.,1987, 5: 325-330
14 Nelson K D. A unified view of craton evolution motivated by recent deep seismic reflection and refasetionresults. Geophys. J. Int., 1991, 105:25-35
15 Association of Hungarion GeophysicistS and Eotvos Lorand Geophysical Institute of Hungary. 6thinternational symposium on seismic reflecgion probing of the continents and their margins program & abstracts.Budapest Hungary, 1994
16 Stanford University and the United States Geological Survey. 7th international symposium on deep seismicprofiling of the continents program & abstracts. Muntery, U. S. A., 1996
17崔霖沛.深部地震调查之现状.见:项仁杰等主编.地壳和上地幔研究(八十年代进展).北京:地震出版社, 1991.130-149 CUI Lin-Pei. Current situation of deep seismic survey. In: XIANG Ren-Jie, et al. ed. Study of crust andupper mantle (Progress in the eighties)(in Chinese). Beijing: Seismology Press, 1991. 130-149
18杨宝俊,杨平华,李春华.关于大陆与陆缘的深部地震探查的进展-1994、1996两届国际学术讨论会综述.长春 地质学院学报,1997,27:182—189 YABG Bao-Jun, YANG Rug-Hua LI Chun-Hua. Progress on deep seismic probing in the studying ofcontinent and continental margins- A summary of 6th and 7th international symposium. Journal OfChangchun University Of Earth Science(in Chinese), 1997, 27: 182-189
19杨宝俊,王宝昌,张伯军.弹性波理论.长春:东北师范大学出版社,1990.278—285 YANG Bao-Jun, WANG Bao-Chang, ZHANG Bai-JUn. Theory of Elastic Wave (in Chinese). Changchun:Northeast Teachers University Press, 1990, 278-285
20 Sadowiak P, Wever T, Meissner R Deep seismic reflectivity patterns in specific tectonic tnts of westernand central Europe. Geophy. J Int., 1991, 105:45-54
21斯特勒拉A N著,自然科学基础第三册.地学.黄天祥等译.北京:科学出版社, 1984, 264—267 Straier A H. Essentials of Physical Science (The third volume, Geoscience). New York: John Wiley &
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