薄层的二阶功率谱特征研究及厚度预测
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摘要
常规的薄层厚度估算技术都是基于地震子波为零相位的假设而发展起来的,在非零相位情况下进行估算往往误差较大。为此,从薄层振幅调谐具有周期性陷频谱特征出发,提出了二阶功率谱的概念,从理论上对薄层的二阶功率谱特征进行了研究,建立了薄层厚度与二阶功率谱极大值之间的对应关系,给出了利用二阶功率谱进行薄层厚度预测的理论依据和方法,即根据薄层厚度和二阶功率谱的能量关系制作二阶功率谱图,图上强能量团对应的时间即为薄层时间厚度。楔状模型试验结果表明,通过二阶功率谱进行薄层厚度估算更加直观有效,且不受子波相位的影响,适应能力更强。
Most of the conventional thickness estimation methods for thin layers are based on the assumption that the seismic wavelet is zero phase.So.the error is big when the phase is not zero.Aiming at this problem,the concept of the second order power spectrum was proposed based on the characteristic of the amplitude tune with pe- riodical notch spectrum in thin layer and theoretically researched. The corresponding relationship between the thickness of thin layers and the maximum value of second order power spectrum was estab- lished.The theoretical criteria and method for the thickness esti mation by second order power spectrum were given.The second order power spectrum map is made by the energy relationship be- tween the thickness of thin layers and the second order power spec- trum,and the time responding to strong energy on the map is the time of thin layer.The wedging model testing shows that the thickness estimated by this method is quite effective and intuitive. What is more.it will not be affected by wavelet phase and so has a good adaptability.
Most of the conventional thickness estimation methods for thin layers are based on the assumption that the seismic wavelet is zero phase.So.the error is big when the phase is not zero.Aiming at this problem,the concept of the second order power spectrum was proposed based on the characteristic of the amplitude tune with pe- riodical notch spectrum in thin layer and theoretically researched. The corresponding relationship between the thickness of thin layers and the maximum value of second order power spectrum was estab- lished.The theoretical criteria and method for the thickness esti mation by second order power spectrum were given.The second order power spectrum map is made by the energy relationship be- tween the thickness of thin layers and the second order power spec- trum,and the time responding to strong energy on the map is the time of thin layer.The wedging model testing shows that the thickness estimated by this method is quite effective and intuitive. What is more.it will not be affected by wavelet phase and so has a good adaptability.
引文
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6程乾生．信号数字处理的数学原理[M]．北京：石油工业出版社，1996．38～53
7夏洪瑞，周开明，朱勇．两步法反褶积技术中子波的提取与反子波的计算[A]．见：张德忠编．地震资料处理技术论文集[C]．北京：石油工业出版社，1995．156～163
8徐伯勋，白旭滨，于常青．信号处理及应用[M]．北京：地质出版社，1997．65～100
2汪恩华，贺振华，李庆忠．薄储层厚度计算新方法探索[J]．物探化探计算技术，2001，23(1)：22～25
3黄真萍，王晓华，王云专．薄层地震属性参数分析和厚度预测[J]．石油物探，1997，36(3)：28～38
4邵治龙，贺振华，黄德济．小波变换与最大熵法联合计算薄层厚度[J]．石油地球物理勘探，1998，33(2)：204～213
5 Greg Partyka．谱分解在储层表征中的应用[J]．肖兰雄译．勘探地球物理进展，2000，29(6)：66～73
6程乾生．信号数字处理的数学原理[M]．北京：石油工业出版社，1996．38～53
7夏洪瑞，周开明，朱勇．两步法反褶积技术中子波的提取与反子波的计算[A]．见：张德忠编．地震资料处理技术论文集[C]．北京：石油工业出版社，1995．156～163
8徐伯勋，白旭滨，于常青．信号处理及应用[M]．北京：地质出版社，1997．65～100
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