东昆仑活动断裂带东段古地震活动特征
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摘要
东昆仑活动断裂托索湖—玛曲以东肯定那一带, 可据阿尼玛卿玛积峰为界再分为花石峡段和玛沁段两个在几何上不连续的段落. 两段在表征断层全新世活动特征的古地震事件方面有明显差异, 花石峡段的地震活动性明显高于玛沁段的地震活动性. 古地震研究表明, 花石峡段上3次强震活动相邻两次地震发生的时间间隔分别约为500 a和640 a, 玛沁段上最近两次古地震事件间大致有1 000 a左右的时间间隔. 根据断层平均滑动速率计算的花石峡段7.5级地震的平均复发间隔为411~608 a, 相对应的同震平均水平位错约为(5.75±0.57)m.虽然玛沁段的地震活动性较弱, 但由于该段上最近一次地震事件离现在较为久远, 已经积累的应变能应该使我们对其未来地震危险性的分析有足够重视.
Roughly along the Animaqing Maji peak, the Kunlun fault section between the Tuosuo Lake and Kendingna (east Maqin) can be subdivided into two geometric segments: the Huashixia and the Maqin segments. These two segments behave differently in their Holocene slip rates and paleo earthquake activities, with obviously higher paleo seismic activity on the Huashixia segment than on Maqin segment. As many as four strong Holocene earthquakes are identified on the Huashixia segment from trenching and geomorphic studies. The recurrent interval for the latest three earthquakes are at about 500 a and 640 a, respectively. On the Maqin segment, at least three paleo earthquake events can be defined from trenching, with a recurrent interval for the latest two events at about 1 000 a. M =7.5 earthquakes on Huashixia segment recur at every 411 to 608 years with a characteristic slip at 5.75±0.57 m. Although the Maqin segment is less active, its accumulated strain energy during the long time period since last earthquake occurred (about 1 070 a BP) deserves enough notice on its future earthquake probabilities.
Roughly along the Animaqing Maji peak, the Kunlun fault section between the Tuosuo Lake and Kendingna (east Maqin) can be subdivided into two geometric segments: the Huashixia and the Maqin segments. These two segments behave differently in their Holocene slip rates and paleo earthquake activities, with obviously higher paleo seismic activity on the Huashixia segment than on Maqin segment. As many as four strong Holocene earthquakes are identified on the Huashixia segment from trenching and geomorphic studies. The recurrent interval for the latest three earthquakes are at about 500 a and 640 a, respectively. On the Maqin segment, at least three paleo earthquake events can be defined from trenching, with a recurrent interval for the latest two events at about 1 000 a. M =7.5 earthquakes on Huashixia segment recur at every 411 to 608 years with a characteristic slip at 5.75±0.57 m. Although the Maqin segment is less active, its accumulated strain energy during the long time period since last earthquake occurred (about 1 070 a BP) deserves enough notice on its future earthquake probabilities.
引文
崔中元,杨斌.1979.托索湖—玛曲活动断裂带[J].西北地震学报,1(2):57~61
都昌庭,杨广华.2001.青海省河南MS5.1和玛沁MS5.0地震后库玛断裂带的地震活动趋势研究[J].西北地震学报,23(2):155~159
劳雄.1989.秀沟—玛沁断裂[J].中国地质科学院院报,19:1~7
李春峰.1995.库玛活动断裂带东段全新世滑动速率及古地震活动特征分析[D]:[学位论文].北京:中国地震局地壳应力研究所与中国科学院研究生院,29
李龙海,贾云鸿.1981.一九三七年青海托索湖7.5级地震形变带特征[J].西北地震学报,3(3):61~65
刘光勋.1996.东昆仑活动构造带及强震活动[J].中国地震,12(2):119~126
刘光勋,肖振敏,谢新生,等.1996.1937年花石峡7.5级地震地表破裂带及有关问题[A].见:《活动断裂研究》编委会编.活动断裂研究(5)[C].北京:地震出版社,136~153
青海省地震局,中国地震局地壳应力研究所.1999.东昆仑活动断裂带[M].北京:地震出版社,1~186
任金卫,汪一鹏,吴章明,等.1993.青藏高原北部库玛断裂带东、西大滩段全新世地震形变带及其位移特征和水平滑动速率[J].地震地质,15(3):285~288
涂德龙,孙洪斌,许勤.2000.青海省玛沁县5.0级地震的烈度分布及其构造环境[J].高原地震,12(1):22~28
闻学泽.1989.地震的平均重复周期、可预报复发模式及其应用中的有关问题[J].四川地震,(2):8~16
肖振敏,刘光勋,王焕贞,等.1988.青海花石峡地震形变带的初步研究[J].中国地震,4(1):68~75
张瑞斌,张晓梅,王赞军,等.2002.东昆仑断裂带强震构造条件研究[J].高原地震,14(1):26~31
张瑞斌,赵培林,陈玉华.1996.东昆仑活动断裂带的强震构造条件及未来强震危险区分析[J].高原地震,8(3):12~21
KiddW S F,MolnarP.1988.Quaternary and active faulting observed on the1985AcademiaSinicaRoyalSocietyGeo traverse ofTibet[J].PhilTransR SocLond,A,327:337~363
Van derWoerdJ,TapponnierP,RyersonF J, et al.2002.Uniform post glacial slip rate along the central600 km of theKunlunFault(Tibet), from26Al,10Be and14C dating of riser offsets, and climatic origin of the regional morphology[J].GeophysJ Int,148:356~388
Van derWoerdJ,RyersonF J,TapponnierP, et al.1998.Holocene left slip rate determined by cosmogenic surface dat ing on theXidatan segment of theKunlun fault(Qinghai,China)[J].Geology,26:695~698
Van derWoerdJ,RyersonF J,TapponnierP, et al.2000.Uniform slip rate along theKunlun fault:Implications forseismic behavior and large scale tectonics[J].GeophysResLett,27:2353~2356
WallaceR E.1970.Earthquake recurrence intervals on theSanAndreas fault[J].BullGeolSocAmer,81:2875~2890
ZhaoGuoguang,LiuDequan,WeiWei, et al.1992.TheLateQuaternary slip rate and segmentation of theXianshuiheactive fault zone[A].Proceedings of thePRC-USA BilateralSymposium on theXianshuiheFaultZone[C].Bei jing:SeismologicalPress,41~57
都昌庭,杨广华.2001.青海省河南MS5.1和玛沁MS5.0地震后库玛断裂带的地震活动趋势研究[J].西北地震学报,23(2):155~159
劳雄.1989.秀沟—玛沁断裂[J].中国地质科学院院报,19:1~7
李春峰.1995.库玛活动断裂带东段全新世滑动速率及古地震活动特征分析[D]:[学位论文].北京:中国地震局地壳应力研究所与中国科学院研究生院,29
李龙海,贾云鸿.1981.一九三七年青海托索湖7.5级地震形变带特征[J].西北地震学报,3(3):61~65
刘光勋.1996.东昆仑活动构造带及强震活动[J].中国地震,12(2):119~126
刘光勋,肖振敏,谢新生,等.1996.1937年花石峡7.5级地震地表破裂带及有关问题[A].见:《活动断裂研究》编委会编.活动断裂研究(5)[C].北京:地震出版社,136~153
青海省地震局,中国地震局地壳应力研究所.1999.东昆仑活动断裂带[M].北京:地震出版社,1~186
任金卫,汪一鹏,吴章明,等.1993.青藏高原北部库玛断裂带东、西大滩段全新世地震形变带及其位移特征和水平滑动速率[J].地震地质,15(3):285~288
涂德龙,孙洪斌,许勤.2000.青海省玛沁县5.0级地震的烈度分布及其构造环境[J].高原地震,12(1):22~28
闻学泽.1989.地震的平均重复周期、可预报复发模式及其应用中的有关问题[J].四川地震,(2):8~16
肖振敏,刘光勋,王焕贞,等.1988.青海花石峡地震形变带的初步研究[J].中国地震,4(1):68~75
张瑞斌,张晓梅,王赞军,等.2002.东昆仑断裂带强震构造条件研究[J].高原地震,14(1):26~31
张瑞斌,赵培林,陈玉华.1996.东昆仑活动断裂带的强震构造条件及未来强震危险区分析[J].高原地震,8(3):12~21
KiddW S F,MolnarP.1988.Quaternary and active faulting observed on the1985AcademiaSinicaRoyalSocietyGeo traverse ofTibet[J].PhilTransR SocLond,A,327:337~363
Van derWoerdJ,TapponnierP,RyersonF J, et al.2002.Uniform post glacial slip rate along the central600 km of theKunlunFault(Tibet), from26Al,10Be and14C dating of riser offsets, and climatic origin of the regional morphology[J].GeophysJ Int,148:356~388
Van derWoerdJ,RyersonF J,TapponnierP, et al.1998.Holocene left slip rate determined by cosmogenic surface dat ing on theXidatan segment of theKunlun fault(Qinghai,China)[J].Geology,26:695~698
Van derWoerdJ,RyersonF J,TapponnierP, et al.2000.Uniform slip rate along theKunlun fault:Implications forseismic behavior and large scale tectonics[J].GeophysResLett,27:2353~2356
WallaceR E.1970.Earthquake recurrence intervals on theSanAndreas fault[J].BullGeolSocAmer,81:2875~2890
ZhaoGuoguang,LiuDequan,WeiWei, et al.1992.TheLateQuaternary slip rate and segmentation of theXianshuiheactive fault zone[A].Proceedings of thePRC-USA BilateralSymposium on theXianshuiheFaultZone[C].Bei jing:SeismologicalPress,41~57
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