辽河西部凹陷滩海地区复合含油气系统中的油气运移流向探讨
摘要
油气运移流向研究有助于认识含油气系统内部的油气运聚与油气分布规律。利用地震、测井和地质资料对辽河西部凹陷滩海地区含油气系统中的油气运移流向进行了研究,分析了区内现今异常压力的分布规律,并用逐层回剥的方法恢复了Es3+4和Es1+2的流体势。研究结果表明,异常高压和流体势的展布规律显示了油气主要沿着几个优势运移通道运移,笔架岭-西部斜坡带、双台子和中央低凸起等构造带是油气运聚的有利部位,其中以向中央低凸起上的运移优势最为显著。研究区主要存在断裂带、横向连通的储集体和区域不整合面3类输导层,这3种输导层往往相互配合完成对油气的输导。油气输导层与优势油气运移通道往往形成统一的油气输导体系,极大地促进了油气输导的效率。油气勘探成果证明,研究区内油气运移的主要流向与有利油气赋存单元的分布相吻合,主要含油气单元围绕海南生烃中心成环带状分布,有利于指导后期油气勘探和勘探目标的优选。
The dominant pathways of hydrocarbon migration often play critical roles in hydrocarbon migration,accumulation and distribution of petroleum system.By making full use of seismic data,log data and geologic information,fluid pressure and fluid potential of three source rocks were calculated to determine the dominant pathways of hydrocarbon migration in Tanhai area,western of Liaohe depression.The distribution and characteristics of abnormal overpressure and fluid potential suggest that the dominant directions of hydrocarbon migration in the study area are consistent with potential petroliferous units.The Bijialing,west slope,Shuangtaizi and central horseback are the advantageous structural belts for hydrocarbon accumulation,and the central horseback is the most effective unit for hydrocarbon migration.Unconformities,sandstone-conglomerate bodies and faults are the main links between source rocks and oil and gas pools,they match with each other and act as the carrier beds of oil and gas.Especially,the carrier beds and advantageous directions of hydrocarbon migration always make up of a carrier system,and play an important role in hydrocarbon migration and accumulation.As demonstrated by petroleum exploration,the centers of main source rocks in Hainan sag were circled by nine potential petroliferous units,which had significance in exploration target evaluation and hydrocarbon-bearing units optimized for future exploration.
The dominant pathways of hydrocarbon migration often play critical roles in hydrocarbon migration,accumulation and distribution of petroleum system.By making full use of seismic data,log data and geologic information,fluid pressure and fluid potential of three source rocks were calculated to determine the dominant pathways of hydrocarbon migration in Tanhai area,western of Liaohe depression.The distribution and characteristics of abnormal overpressure and fluid potential suggest that the dominant directions of hydrocarbon migration in the study area are consistent with potential petroliferous units.The Bijialing,west slope,Shuangtaizi and central horseback are the advantageous structural belts for hydrocarbon accumulation,and the central horseback is the most effective unit for hydrocarbon migration.Unconformities,sandstone-conglomerate bodies and faults are the main links between source rocks and oil and gas pools,they match with each other and act as the carrier beds of oil and gas.Especially,the carrier beds and advantageous directions of hydrocarbon migration always make up of a carrier system,and play an important role in hydrocarbon migration and accumulation.As demonstrated by petroleum exploration,the centers of main source rocks in Hainan sag were circled by nine potential petroliferous units,which had significance in exploration target evaluation and hydrocarbon-bearing units optimized for future exploration.
引文
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[13]胡济世.异常高压、流体压裂与油气运移[J].石油勘探与开发,1989,16(2-3):16-23.HU Ji-shi.The abnormal overpressure,fluid fracturing andtheir relationship to the migration of oil and gas[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,1989,16(2-3):16-23.
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[15]陶一川.油气运移聚集的流体动力学问题[J].石油与天然气地质,1983,4(3):254-267.TAO Yi-chuan.Problems on the hydrokinetics of hydrocar-bon migration and accumulation[J].Oil&Gas Geology,1983,4(3):254-267.
[16]柳广弟,王德强.黄骅坳陷歧口凹陷深层异常压力特征[J].石油勘探与开发,2001,28(3):22-24.LIU Guang-di,WANG De-qiang.The characteristics ofabnormal pressure in deep formations in Qikou sag,Huanghua depression,Bohai Bay basin[J].Petroleum Ex-ploration and Development,2001,28(3):22-24.
[17]真柄钦次.压实与流体运移[M].陈荷立,译.北京:石油工业出版社,1981.20-55.
[18]牟中海.计算地层古厚度的一种方法[J].石油实验地质,1993,15(4):414-421.MU Zhong-hai.A method for calculating paleo-thickness ofstrata[J].Petroleum Geology and Experiment,1993,15(4):414-421.
[19]徐怀民,李真济,任怀强.陆相断陷盆地含油气系统综合评价[M].东营:石油大学出版社,1999.81-83.
[20]查明.断陷盆地油气二次运移与聚集[M].北京:地质出版社,1997.
[21]查明,曲江秀,张卫海.异常高压与油气成藏机理[J].石油勘探与开发,2002,29(1):19-22.ZHA Ming,QU Jiang-xiu,ZHANG Wei-hai.The rela-tionship between overpressure and reservoir forming mecha-nism[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2002,29(1):19-22.
[22]江建虹,刘敏,潘秀林.辽河滩海地区构造特征及其与油气的关系[A].孙洪斌,谢文彦.辽河滩海油气勘探与开发[C].北京:地质出版社,1999.11-19.
[2]MAGOON L B.The petroleum system-a classificationscheme for research,exploration and resource assessment[A].MAGOON L B,et al.Petroleum system of theUnited States[C].USGS Bulletin,1988(1870):2-5.
[3]DEMAISON G,HUIZINGA B J.Genetic classificationof petroleum system[J].AAPG Bulletin,1991,75(10):1626-1643.
[4]PERRODON A.Petroleum systems:models and applica-tions[J].Journal of Petroleum Geology,1992,15(3):319-326.
[5]MAGOON L B.Identified petroleum system within theUnited States[A].MAGOON L B,et al.Thepetroleum system-status of research and methods[C].USGS Bulletin,1992(2007):2-11.
[6]赵文智,何登发,瞿辉,等.复合含油气系统中油气运移流向研究的意义[J].石油学报,2001,22(4):7-12.ZHAO Wen-zhi,HE Deng-fa,QU Hui,et al.Study onthe pathways of hydrocarbon migration of the compositepetroleum system[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2001,22(4):7-12.
[7]赵文智,何登发,池英柳,等.中国复合含油气系统的基本特征与勘探技术[J].石油学报,2001,22(1):6-13.ZHAO Wen-zhi,HE Deng-fa,CHI Ying-liu,et al.Ma-jor characteristics and exploration technology of multi-source petroleum system in China[J].Acta Petrolei Sini-ca,2001,22(1):6-13.
[8]赵文智,何登发.中国含油气系统的基本特征与勘探对策[J].石油学报,2002,23(6):1-11.ZHAO Wen-zhi,HE Deng-fa.Petroleum explorationcharacteristics and exploration strategy of compositepetroleum systems in China[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2002,23(6):1-11.
[9]傅强,洪学海.塔里木盆地草湖凹陷含油气系统与油气勘探目标[J].石油实验地质,2001,23(2):160-164.FU Qiang,HONG Xue-hai.Petyoliferous systems andhydrocarbon exploration targets in the Caohu sag of theTarim Basin[J].Petroleu Geology&Experiment,2001,23(2):160-164.
[10]谷云飞,方世虎,徐怀民,等.辽河滩海西部凹陷复合含油气系统特征与演化[J].石油勘探与开发,2003,30(5):6-9.GU Yun-fei,FANG Shi-hu,XU Huai-min,et al.Characteristics and evolution of the Eocene compositepetroleum system in the Tanhai area,western Liaohebasin[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2003,30(5):6-9.
[11]金尚柱,孙洪斌,谢文彦,等.辽东湾北部滩海油气地质[M],北京:地质出版社,2000.12-14,116-121.
[12]李明诚.石油与天然气运移[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1994.7-14.
[13]胡济世.异常高压、流体压裂与油气运移[J].石油勘探与开发,1989,16(2-3):16-23.HU Ji-shi.The abnormal overpressure,fluid fracturing andtheir relationship to the migration of oil and gas[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,1989,16(2-3):16-23.
[14]MILLER T W.New insight on natural hydraulic fractureinduced by abnormally high pore pressure[J].AAPG Bul-letin,1995,79(7):1 005-1 018.
[15]陶一川.油气运移聚集的流体动力学问题[J].石油与天然气地质,1983,4(3):254-267.TAO Yi-chuan.Problems on the hydrokinetics of hydrocar-bon migration and accumulation[J].Oil&Gas Geology,1983,4(3):254-267.
[16]柳广弟,王德强.黄骅坳陷歧口凹陷深层异常压力特征[J].石油勘探与开发,2001,28(3):22-24.LIU Guang-di,WANG De-qiang.The characteristics ofabnormal pressure in deep formations in Qikou sag,Huanghua depression,Bohai Bay basin[J].Petroleum Ex-ploration and Development,2001,28(3):22-24.
[17]真柄钦次.压实与流体运移[M].陈荷立,译.北京:石油工业出版社,1981.20-55.
[18]牟中海.计算地层古厚度的一种方法[J].石油实验地质,1993,15(4):414-421.MU Zhong-hai.A method for calculating paleo-thickness ofstrata[J].Petroleum Geology and Experiment,1993,15(4):414-421.
[19]徐怀民,李真济,任怀强.陆相断陷盆地含油气系统综合评价[M].东营:石油大学出版社,1999.81-83.
[20]查明.断陷盆地油气二次运移与聚集[M].北京:地质出版社,1997.
[21]查明,曲江秀,张卫海.异常高压与油气成藏机理[J].石油勘探与开发,2002,29(1):19-22.ZHA Ming,QU Jiang-xiu,ZHANG Wei-hai.The rela-tionship between overpressure and reservoir forming mecha-nism[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2002,29(1):19-22.
[22]江建虹,刘敏,潘秀林.辽河滩海地区构造特征及其与油气的关系[A].孙洪斌,谢文彦.辽河滩海油气勘探与开发[C].北京:地质出版社,1999.11-19.
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