汶川地震灾区过渡房安置点场地选择中的地震问题
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摘要
大地震后,如何在最短的时间内在灾区选择比较安全的过渡房安置点建设场地,是一项具有挑战性的工作。本文以四川省汶川8.0级大地震后灾区群众快速安置为背景,论述了选择过渡房安置点场地必须考虑的地震问题,并提出了处理地震断层、地表裂缝、砂土液化、坍塌等实际问题的方案;利用强余震的预测结果,分析了这些灾害对场地可能造成的危害;同时对可能潜在的滑坡、危岩崩塌、泥石流等地质灾害提出相应的处理建议,供安置点规划建设参考。
It is a challenging job how to choose building sites of makeshift shelters rapidly in a disaster area after a huge earthquake.Based on the fast accommodation of people in disaster areas after the M8.0 earth- quake in Wenchuan,Sichuan Province,we analyze the seismological problems in determining where to build makeshift shelters after a huge earthquake,and give the way to resolve important problems such as earthquake faults,ground fissures,liquefaction of saturated soil and geological collapse.Furthermore,the potential damages of these disasters to the building sites are evaluated with the help of strong aftershock forecasting.Finally,we make some suggestions to deal with the potential geological disasters such as landslide,collapse of unstable rocks and debris flow.These suggestions may serve as reference in the building of movable plank houses.
It is a challenging job how to choose building sites of makeshift shelters rapidly in a disaster area after a huge earthquake.Based on the fast accommodation of people in disaster areas after the M8.0 earth- quake in Wenchuan,Sichuan Province,we analyze the seismological problems in determining where to build makeshift shelters after a huge earthquake,and give the way to resolve important problems such as earthquake faults,ground fissures,liquefaction of saturated soil and geological collapse.Furthermore,the potential damages of these disasters to the building sites are evaluated with the help of strong aftershock forecasting.Finally,we make some suggestions to deal with the potential geological disasters such as landslide,collapse of unstable rocks and debris flow.These suggestions may serve as reference in the building of movable plank houses.
引文
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[9]李阔，唐川．泥石流危险性评价研究进展[J]．灾害学，2007，22(1)：106-111．Li K,Tang C.Progress in research on debris flow hazard assessment [J].Journal of Catastrophology, 2007,22(1):106-111.
[2]GB 17741-2005，工程场地地震安全性评价[S]．
[3]卢寿德．GB 17741-2005《工程场地地震安全性评价》宣贯教材[M]．北京：中国标准出版社，2006．Lu S D.A Textbook of GB17741-2005〈Evaluation of Seismic Safety for Engineering Sites〉[M].Beijing: Standards Press of China,2006.
[4]李世雄，李守定，郜洪强．河北平原地裂缝分布特征及成因机制研究[J]．工程地质学报，2006，14(2)：178- 183．Li S X,I.i S D,Gao H Q.The distribution characters and origin mechanics of ground fissures hazard in Hebei plain [J].Journal of Engineering Geology, 2006,14(2):178-183.
[5]冷崴，孙强．地震作用下结构失稳诱发的塌陷和地裂缝机理分析[J]．灾害学，2007，22(1)：23-26．Leng W,Sun Q.Analysis on mechanism of collapse and ground fissure caused by structure instability un- der seismic action [J].Journal of Catastrophology, 2007,22(1):23-26.
[6]俞言祥，汪素云．中国东部和西部地区水平向基岩加速度反应谱衰减关系[J]．震灾防御技术，2006，1(3)：206-217．Yu Y X,Wang S Y.Attenuation relations for hori- zontal peak ground acceleration and response spectrum in eastern and western China [J].Technology for Earthquake Disaster Prevention,2006,1 (3):206-217.
[7]李明，唐红梅，叶四桥．典型地质灾害链式机理研究[J]．灾害学，2008，23(1)：1-5．Li M,Tang H M,Ye S Q.Research on Chain rule of typical geological disaster [J].Journal of Catas- trophology,2008,23(1):1-5.
[8]康志成，马蔼乃，李焯芬，等．中国泥石流研究[M]．北京：科学出版社，2004．1-4．Kang Z C,Ma A N,Lee C.F.,et al.Reserch on De- bris Flow of China [M].Beijing:Science Press,2004. 1-4.
[9]李阔，唐川．泥石流危险性评价研究进展[J]．灾害学，2007，22(1)：106-111．Li K,Tang C.Progress in research on debris flow hazard assessment [J].Journal of Catastrophology, 2007,22(1):106-111.
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