一种新的分炮检距动校正方法
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摘要
速度分析和动校正技术在地震资料处理中至关重要,常规动校正方法基于双曲线方程,没有考虑动校正速度随炮检距变化的影响,因而动校正结果往往不佳,从而影响叠加和成像效果。非双曲线方程具有更高的近似精度,但在进行速度分析时,由于参数较多,因而不便于进行交互处理。本文提出一种新的动校正方法,在不同的炮检距组道集上分别进行常规速度分析,用高次曲线拟合分段双曲线,最后用高次曲线方程进行动校正。理论记录实验表明:该方法比常规动校正方法效果好,与高次曲线形式动校正方法效果相近,且只需要拾取少量的速度谱,而四次曲线拟合动校正方法则需要拾取大量的速度谱;六次曲线及分式曲线拟合方法动校正制作速度谱方法既复杂,又不便于交互处理。而本文提出的方法则较好地解决了这些难题。
The velocity analysis and NMO technique are very important in seismic data processing. The common NMO methods based on hyperbolic equation does not consider the influence of offsets variation on NMO velocities, therefore, the NMO results are imperfect and affect the stack and imaging effects. Non-hyperbolic equation is characteristic of higher approximate precision, but is unable to carry out interactive processing in velocity analysis because of multiple parameters. The paper proposed a new NMO approach that carries out common velocity analysis on different offsets gathers, uses high-order curves to fit separate hyperbolas and then uses high-order curves equation to carry out dynamic corrections. The tests of theoretic records showed the method is better than the common NMO method and similar to the high-order curves NMO methods but only picks up a small amount of velocity spectrum, while fourth-order curve fitting NMO method needs to pick up a great amount of velocity spectrum and sixth-order curve or fraction curve fitting methods are both complex in NMO conducting velocity spectrum and inconvenient for interactive processing. The approach presented in the paper better solved these difficulties.
The velocity analysis and NMO technique are very important in seismic data processing. The common NMO methods based on hyperbolic equation does not consider the influence of offsets variation on NMO velocities, therefore, the NMO results are imperfect and affect the stack and imaging effects. Non-hyperbolic equation is characteristic of higher approximate precision, but is unable to carry out interactive processing in velocity analysis because of multiple parameters. The paper proposed a new NMO approach that carries out common velocity analysis on different offsets gathers, uses high-order curves to fit separate hyperbolas and then uses high-order curves equation to carry out dynamic corrections. The tests of theoretic records showed the method is better than the common NMO method and similar to the high-order curves NMO methods but only picks up a small amount of velocity spectrum, while fourth-order curve fitting NMO method needs to pick up a great amount of velocity spectrum and sixth-order curve or fraction curve fitting methods are both complex in NMO conducting velocity spectrum and inconvenient for interactive processing. The approach presented in the paper better solved these difficulties.
引文
[1]Dix CX.Seismic velocities from surface measure-ments.Geophysics,1955,20(1):68~88
[2]刘洋.双曲时距方程对地震资料的影响.石油地球物理勘探,2004,39(2):133~138
[3]Tarner M T,Koehler F.Velocity spectra-digital comput-er derivation and applications of velocity function.Geophysics,1969,34(6):859~881
[4]May B T and Straley D K.Higher-order velocity spectra.Geophysics,1979,44(7):1193~1207
[5]Gidlow P Mand Fatti J L.Preserving far offset seis-mic data using non-hyperbolic moveout correction.Expanded Abstracts of60th SEG Mtg,1990,1726~1729
[6]Al-Chalabi M.Series approxi mation in velocity and travelti me computations.Geophysical Prospecting,1973,21:783~795
[7]Al-Chalabi M.An analysis of stacking,rms,averge,and interval velocitoes over a horizontally layered ground.Geophysical Prospecting,1974,22:458~475
[8]胡中平.优化6次项NMO校正方法研究.石油地球物理勘探,2003,38(6):603~607
[9]Thore P,de Bazelaire E and Ray M.The three-pa-rameter equation:an efficient tool to enhance the stack.Geophysics,1994,59(2):297~308
[10]Thomsen L.Weak elastic anisotropy.Geophysics,1986,51(10):1954~1966
[11]Tsvankin Thomsen L.Nonhyperbolic reflectionmove-out in anisotropic media.Geophysics,1994,59(8):1290~1304
[12]Tsvankin.Normal moveout fromdipping reflectiors in anisotropic media.Geophysics,1995,60(1):268~284
[13]Hake H,Helbig K,Mesdag C S.Three-term Tay-lor series for curves over layered transverselyisotrop-ic ground.Geophysical prospecting,1984,32:828~850
[14]AlkhalifahT.Velocity analyis using nonhyperbolic moveout in transversely isotropic media.Geophysics,1997,62(6):1839~1854
[15]Alkhalifah T,Tsvankin.Velocity analyis for trans-versely isotropic media.Geophysics,1995,60(5):1550~1566
[16]徐亦鸣,黄中玉,刘路佳.各向异性介质纵波速度分析.石油物探,2004,43(5):437~440,449
[17]徐常练,许云.速度随炮检距变化(VVO)分析.石油地球物理勘探,1998,33(6):733~740
[18]刘洋.反射波分式展开式时距方程及其精度分析.石油地球物理勘探,2003,38(4):441~447
[19]刘洋,魏修成.基于线性连续速度模型的速度分析与动校正方法.石油勘探与开发,2003,30(5):71~74
[20]Emmanue Causse,Geir Ultveit Haugen and Bjo埁rn Eino Rommel.Large-offset approxi mation to seismic reflection travelti me.Geophysical Prospecting,2000,48(4):763~778
[21]王鑫,陈新荣.分偏移距动校正技术.石油物探,2003,42(2):212~214
[2]刘洋.双曲时距方程对地震资料的影响.石油地球物理勘探,2004,39(2):133~138
[3]Tarner M T,Koehler F.Velocity spectra-digital comput-er derivation and applications of velocity function.Geophysics,1969,34(6):859~881
[4]May B T and Straley D K.Higher-order velocity spectra.Geophysics,1979,44(7):1193~1207
[5]Gidlow P Mand Fatti J L.Preserving far offset seis-mic data using non-hyperbolic moveout correction.Expanded Abstracts of60th SEG Mtg,1990,1726~1729
[6]Al-Chalabi M.Series approxi mation in velocity and travelti me computations.Geophysical Prospecting,1973,21:783~795
[7]Al-Chalabi M.An analysis of stacking,rms,averge,and interval velocitoes over a horizontally layered ground.Geophysical Prospecting,1974,22:458~475
[8]胡中平.优化6次项NMO校正方法研究.石油地球物理勘探,2003,38(6):603~607
[9]Thore P,de Bazelaire E and Ray M.The three-pa-rameter equation:an efficient tool to enhance the stack.Geophysics,1994,59(2):297~308
[10]Thomsen L.Weak elastic anisotropy.Geophysics,1986,51(10):1954~1966
[11]Tsvankin Thomsen L.Nonhyperbolic reflectionmove-out in anisotropic media.Geophysics,1994,59(8):1290~1304
[12]Tsvankin.Normal moveout fromdipping reflectiors in anisotropic media.Geophysics,1995,60(1):268~284
[13]Hake H,Helbig K,Mesdag C S.Three-term Tay-lor series for curves over layered transverselyisotrop-ic ground.Geophysical prospecting,1984,32:828~850
[14]AlkhalifahT.Velocity analyis using nonhyperbolic moveout in transversely isotropic media.Geophysics,1997,62(6):1839~1854
[15]Alkhalifah T,Tsvankin.Velocity analyis for trans-versely isotropic media.Geophysics,1995,60(5):1550~1566
[16]徐亦鸣,黄中玉,刘路佳.各向异性介质纵波速度分析.石油物探,2004,43(5):437~440,449
[17]徐常练,许云.速度随炮检距变化(VVO)分析.石油地球物理勘探,1998,33(6):733~740
[18]刘洋.反射波分式展开式时距方程及其精度分析.石油地球物理勘探,2003,38(4):441~447
[19]刘洋,魏修成.基于线性连续速度模型的速度分析与动校正方法.石油勘探与开发,2003,30(5):71~74
[20]Emmanue Causse,Geir Ultveit Haugen and Bjo埁rn Eino Rommel.Large-offset approxi mation to seismic reflection travelti me.Geophysical Prospecting,2000,48(4):763~778
[21]王鑫,陈新荣.分偏移距动校正技术.石油物探,2003,42(2):212~214
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