软弱夹层的透射模型及其隔震特性研究
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摘要
尽管软弱夹层对工程往往产生不良影响,但同时又对地震波具有阻隔作用。对软弱夹层阻隔特性的研究不仅能够为岩土工程的屏蔽隔震提供必要的理论依据,而且有助于揭示充填贯通型节理的动力学特性。为此,基于固体弹性波传播理论,以平面P波为例,建立了弹性夹层对平面矢量波的透射模型。在此基础上,按照能量观点,全面分析了矢量波通过软弱夹层的传播特性,其中包括透射能量与入射角、波阻比及厚度等因素的关系,并初步分析了透射波形畸变的机理。
The weak intercalations have an impedance action on seismic wave propagation in spite of its adverse influence on engineering body.In the past,the adverse influence has been researched more than their properties of the base isolation.However,the research on the base isolation properties of weak intercalations can not only offer us more theoretic foundation for reducing damage and preventing disasters induced by the action of earthquake waves,but also help to explore the dynamic character of rock joints.In fact,the weak intercalations may be approximately regarded as a kind of joints when they become very thin.Based on some theories of plane elastic wave propagation,the transmission model of weak intercalations for P wave fields is established and used to analyze propagation properties varying with incidence angles,depth,impedance ratio of the weak intercalations.Finally,the mechanism of waveform distortion of transmission wave is also discussed.
The weak intercalations have an impedance action on seismic wave propagation in spite of its adverse influence on engineering body.In the past,the adverse influence has been researched more than their properties of the base isolation.However,the research on the base isolation properties of weak intercalations can not only offer us more theoretic foundation for reducing damage and preventing disasters induced by the action of earthquake waves,but also help to explore the dynamic character of rock joints.In fact,the weak intercalations may be approximately regarded as a kind of joints when they become very thin.Based on some theories of plane elastic wave propagation,the transmission model of weak intercalations for P wave fields is established and used to analyze propagation properties varying with incidence angles,depth,impedance ratio of the weak intercalations.Finally,the mechanism of waveform distortion of transmission wave is also discussed.
引文
[1]刘晶辉,王山长,杨红梅.软弱夹层流变试验长期强度确定方法[J].勘察科学技术,1996,(5):3-7.(Liu Jinghui,Wang Shanchang,Yang Hongmei.Method to determine the rheological test long-term strength for soft intercalations[J].Site Investigation Science and Technology,1996,(5):3-7.(in Chinese))
[2]张奇华,彭光忠.链子崖危岩体软弱夹层的蠕变性质研究[J].岩土力学,1997,18(1):60-64.(Zhang Qihua,Peng Guangzhong.Research on creep behavior of the weak intercalated bed in the dangerous rock body of Lianzi Cliff[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,1997,18(1):60-64.(in Chinese))
[3]董遵德,袁澄文.岩体软弱夹层现场慢剪切试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,1994,13(2):149-159.(Dong Zunde,Yuan Chengwen.Researches for controlled displacement-rate shear test in situ in rock mass soft intercalation[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,1994,13(2):149-159.(in Chinese))
[4]简文星,吴树仁,徐瑞春.清江水布垭坝址软弱夹层变形机制分析[J].地质力学学报,1996,2(4):43-48.(Jian Wenxing,Wu Shuren,Xu Ruichun.A study on the deformation mechanism of the incompetent beds in the Shuibuya dam site in Qingjiang River[J].Journal of Geomechanics,1996,2(4):43-48.(in Chinese))
[5]蔡元奇,朱以文,李金光,等.地质缺陷对拱坝及坝基力学行为的影响[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2002,21(12):1805-1809.(Cai Yuanqi,Zhu Yiwen,Li Jinguang,et al.Influence of geological flaw on mechanical behaviors of arch dam foundation[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2002,21(12):1805-1809.(in Chinese))
[6]符文熹,聂得新,尚岳全,等.地应力作用下软弱夹层带的工程特性研究[J].岩土工程学报,2002,24(5):584-587.(Fu Wenxi,Nie Dexin,Shang Yuequan,et al.Study on engineering properties of weak layers underground stresses[J].Chinese Journal of GeotechnicalEngineering,2002,24(5):584-587.(in Chinese))
[7]王祥秋,杨林德,高文华.含软弱夹层层状围岩地下洞室平面非线性有限元分析[J].岩土工程学报,2002,24(6):729-732.(Wang Xiangqiu,Yang Linde,Gao Wenhua.2D Nonliner FEM analysis for underground openings located in the layered rock mass with softening joints[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2002,24(6):729-732.(in Chinese))
[8]耿克勤,吴永平.拱坝和坝肩岩体的力学和渗流的耦合分析实例[J].岩石力学与工程学报,1997,16(2):125-131.(Geng Keqin,Wu Yongping.Analysis of the mechanic-hydraulic interaction concerning arch dam and it’s abutments[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,1997,16(2):125-131.(in Chinese))
[9]郭诚谦.有软弱夹层的岩体边坡安全系数的确定[J].水利水电技术,1995,(3):27-31.(Guo Chengqian.The stability safety factor of rock slope with soft interlayers[J].Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering,1995,(3):27-31.(in Chinese))
[10]李树森,符文熹,聂得新.洞室顶部软弱夹层和层状岩体的稳定性分析[J].山地学报,2000,18(2):156-160.(Li Shusen,Fu Wenxi,Nie Dexin.The Stability analysis on weak intercalation and stratified rock mass near the top of underground cavity[J].Journal of Mountain Science,2000,18(2):156-160.(in Chinese))
[11]王明洋,钱七虎.爆炸应力波通过节理裂隙带的衰减规律[J].岩土工程学报,1995,17(2):42-46.(Wang Mingyang,Qian Qihu.Attenuation law of explosive wave propagation in cracks[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,1995,17(2):42-46.(in Chinese))
[12]张奇.结构面影响应力波传播的几个特征[A].见:岩石力学与工程学报论文集[C].西安:陕西科技出版社,1994.56-59.(Zhang Qi.Properties of stress wave propagation influenced by discontinuities[A].In:Assembling Thesis for Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering[C].Xi′an:Shaanxi Science and Technology Press,1994.56-59.(in Chinese))
[13]赵坚,蔡军刚,赵晓豹,等.弹性纵波在具有非线性法向变形本构关系的节理处的传播特性[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2003,22(1):9-17.(Zhao Jian,Cai Jungang,Zhao Xiaobao,et al.Transmission of elastic P-waves across single fracture with nonlinear normal deformation behavior[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2003,22(1):9-17.(in Chinese))
[14]吉林,赵启林,冯兆祥,等.软弱夹层与结构面的力学参数反演[J].水利学报,2003,(11):107-111.(Ji Lin,Zhao Qilin,Feng Zhaoxiang,et al.Back analysis of mechanics parameters for soft rock strata[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2003,(11):107-111.(in Chinese))
[15]黄润秋,余嘉顺.软弱夹层对地震波强度影响的模拟研究[J].工程地质学报,2003,11(1):75-78.(Huang Runqiu,Yu Jiashun.Modelling of the effects of properties of a buried weak layer on seismic waves[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,2003,11(1):75-78.(in Chinese))
[16]金峰,邵伟,张立翔,等.模拟软弱夹层的动力特性的薄层单元及其工程应用[J].工程力学,2002,19(2):36-40.(Jin Feng,Shao Wei,Zhang Lixiang,et al.A thin-layer element for simulation of static and dynamic characteristic of soft interlayer and its application[J].Engineering Mechanics,2002,19(2):36-40.(in Chinese))
[17]李宁,葛修润.岩体节理在动荷载作用下的有限元分析[J].岩土工程学报,1994,16(1):29-38.(Li Ning,Ge Xiurun.Numerical modelling of rock joints under dynamic loading[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,1994,16(1):29-38.(in Chinese))
[18]李宁,张平,段庆伟,等.裂隙岩体的细观动力损伤模型[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2002,21(11):1579-1584.(Li Ning,Zhang Ping,Duan Qingwei,et al.Dynamic meso damage model of jointed rock mass[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2002,21(11):1579-1584.(in Chinese))
[19]陈镕,陈竹昌,薛松涛,等.夹有层状软弱土层的层状场地对SH波的响应分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,1999,18(2):161-165.(Chen Rong,Chen Zhuchang,Xue Songtao,et al.The response analysis of strata with extremely soft layer to incident SH waves[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,1999,18(2):161-165.(in Chinese))
[20]徐红玉,陈殿云,杨先健,等.弹性介质中平面SH波通过夹层时的传播特性[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2003,22(2):304-308.(Xu Hongyu,Chen Dianyun,Yang Xianjian,et al.Propagation characteristics of plane SH wave passing through elastic interlining in elastic medium[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics andEngineering,2003,22(2):304-308.(in Chinese))
[21]Sheriff R E,Geldart L P.勘察地震学[M].徐中信译.长春:吉林科学技术出版社,1992.(Sheriff R E,Geldart L P.Seismology for Reconnaissance[M].Translated by Xu Zhongxin.Changchun:Jilin Science Press,1992.(in Chinese))
[22]范留明,黄润秋.一次冲击地震动特性研究[J].地质灾害环境保护,2000,11(1):75-78.(Fan Liuming,Huang Runqiu.Research on dynamic character of one-off impaction ground motion[J].Journal of Geological Hazards and Environment Preservation,2002,11(1):75-78.(in Chinese))
[23]Pyrak-Nolte L J,Myer L R,CooK N G W.Transmission of seismic wave across single natural fractures[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,1990,95(6):8617-8638.
[24]Myer L R,Hopkins D,Peterson J E,et al.Seismic wave propagation across multiple fractures[A].In:Fractured and Jointed Rock Masses[C].Rotterdam:A.A.Balkema,1995.105-109.
[25]Kitsunezaki C.Behavior of plane elastic waves across a plane crack[J].Journal of Mining College of Akita University,1983,6(3):173-187.
[26]Li N.Finite element modeling for rock faults under blasting loading[Ph.D.Thesis][D].Austria,Innsbruck:University of Innsbruck,1991.
[27]Li N.Wave Propagation Problem in the Jointed Rock Mass[M].Xi′an:Press of the Northwest University of Technology,1993.
[28]Li N,Zhang P,Duan Q W,et al.Dynamic damage model of the rockmass medium with microjoints[J].International Journal of Damage Mechanics,2003,12(2):163-173.
[2]张奇华,彭光忠.链子崖危岩体软弱夹层的蠕变性质研究[J].岩土力学,1997,18(1):60-64.(Zhang Qihua,Peng Guangzhong.Research on creep behavior of the weak intercalated bed in the dangerous rock body of Lianzi Cliff[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,1997,18(1):60-64.(in Chinese))
[3]董遵德,袁澄文.岩体软弱夹层现场慢剪切试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,1994,13(2):149-159.(Dong Zunde,Yuan Chengwen.Researches for controlled displacement-rate shear test in situ in rock mass soft intercalation[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,1994,13(2):149-159.(in Chinese))
[4]简文星,吴树仁,徐瑞春.清江水布垭坝址软弱夹层变形机制分析[J].地质力学学报,1996,2(4):43-48.(Jian Wenxing,Wu Shuren,Xu Ruichun.A study on the deformation mechanism of the incompetent beds in the Shuibuya dam site in Qingjiang River[J].Journal of Geomechanics,1996,2(4):43-48.(in Chinese))
[5]蔡元奇,朱以文,李金光,等.地质缺陷对拱坝及坝基力学行为的影响[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2002,21(12):1805-1809.(Cai Yuanqi,Zhu Yiwen,Li Jinguang,et al.Influence of geological flaw on mechanical behaviors of arch dam foundation[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2002,21(12):1805-1809.(in Chinese))
[6]符文熹,聂得新,尚岳全,等.地应力作用下软弱夹层带的工程特性研究[J].岩土工程学报,2002,24(5):584-587.(Fu Wenxi,Nie Dexin,Shang Yuequan,et al.Study on engineering properties of weak layers underground stresses[J].Chinese Journal of GeotechnicalEngineering,2002,24(5):584-587.(in Chinese))
[7]王祥秋,杨林德,高文华.含软弱夹层层状围岩地下洞室平面非线性有限元分析[J].岩土工程学报,2002,24(6):729-732.(Wang Xiangqiu,Yang Linde,Gao Wenhua.2D Nonliner FEM analysis for underground openings located in the layered rock mass with softening joints[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2002,24(6):729-732.(in Chinese))
[8]耿克勤,吴永平.拱坝和坝肩岩体的力学和渗流的耦合分析实例[J].岩石力学与工程学报,1997,16(2):125-131.(Geng Keqin,Wu Yongping.Analysis of the mechanic-hydraulic interaction concerning arch dam and it’s abutments[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,1997,16(2):125-131.(in Chinese))
[9]郭诚谦.有软弱夹层的岩体边坡安全系数的确定[J].水利水电技术,1995,(3):27-31.(Guo Chengqian.The stability safety factor of rock slope with soft interlayers[J].Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering,1995,(3):27-31.(in Chinese))
[10]李树森,符文熹,聂得新.洞室顶部软弱夹层和层状岩体的稳定性分析[J].山地学报,2000,18(2):156-160.(Li Shusen,Fu Wenxi,Nie Dexin.The Stability analysis on weak intercalation and stratified rock mass near the top of underground cavity[J].Journal of Mountain Science,2000,18(2):156-160.(in Chinese))
[11]王明洋,钱七虎.爆炸应力波通过节理裂隙带的衰减规律[J].岩土工程学报,1995,17(2):42-46.(Wang Mingyang,Qian Qihu.Attenuation law of explosive wave propagation in cracks[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,1995,17(2):42-46.(in Chinese))
[12]张奇.结构面影响应力波传播的几个特征[A].见:岩石力学与工程学报论文集[C].西安:陕西科技出版社,1994.56-59.(Zhang Qi.Properties of stress wave propagation influenced by discontinuities[A].In:Assembling Thesis for Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering[C].Xi′an:Shaanxi Science and Technology Press,1994.56-59.(in Chinese))
[13]赵坚,蔡军刚,赵晓豹,等.弹性纵波在具有非线性法向变形本构关系的节理处的传播特性[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2003,22(1):9-17.(Zhao Jian,Cai Jungang,Zhao Xiaobao,et al.Transmission of elastic P-waves across single fracture with nonlinear normal deformation behavior[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2003,22(1):9-17.(in Chinese))
[14]吉林,赵启林,冯兆祥,等.软弱夹层与结构面的力学参数反演[J].水利学报,2003,(11):107-111.(Ji Lin,Zhao Qilin,Feng Zhaoxiang,et al.Back analysis of mechanics parameters for soft rock strata[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2003,(11):107-111.(in Chinese))
[15]黄润秋,余嘉顺.软弱夹层对地震波强度影响的模拟研究[J].工程地质学报,2003,11(1):75-78.(Huang Runqiu,Yu Jiashun.Modelling of the effects of properties of a buried weak layer on seismic waves[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,2003,11(1):75-78.(in Chinese))
[16]金峰,邵伟,张立翔,等.模拟软弱夹层的动力特性的薄层单元及其工程应用[J].工程力学,2002,19(2):36-40.(Jin Feng,Shao Wei,Zhang Lixiang,et al.A thin-layer element for simulation of static and dynamic characteristic of soft interlayer and its application[J].Engineering Mechanics,2002,19(2):36-40.(in Chinese))
[17]李宁,葛修润.岩体节理在动荷载作用下的有限元分析[J].岩土工程学报,1994,16(1):29-38.(Li Ning,Ge Xiurun.Numerical modelling of rock joints under dynamic loading[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,1994,16(1):29-38.(in Chinese))
[18]李宁,张平,段庆伟,等.裂隙岩体的细观动力损伤模型[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2002,21(11):1579-1584.(Li Ning,Zhang Ping,Duan Qingwei,et al.Dynamic meso damage model of jointed rock mass[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2002,21(11):1579-1584.(in Chinese))
[19]陈镕,陈竹昌,薛松涛,等.夹有层状软弱土层的层状场地对SH波的响应分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,1999,18(2):161-165.(Chen Rong,Chen Zhuchang,Xue Songtao,et al.The response analysis of strata with extremely soft layer to incident SH waves[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,1999,18(2):161-165.(in Chinese))
[20]徐红玉,陈殿云,杨先健,等.弹性介质中平面SH波通过夹层时的传播特性[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2003,22(2):304-308.(Xu Hongyu,Chen Dianyun,Yang Xianjian,et al.Propagation characteristics of plane SH wave passing through elastic interlining in elastic medium[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics andEngineering,2003,22(2):304-308.(in Chinese))
[21]Sheriff R E,Geldart L P.勘察地震学[M].徐中信译.长春:吉林科学技术出版社,1992.(Sheriff R E,Geldart L P.Seismology for Reconnaissance[M].Translated by Xu Zhongxin.Changchun:Jilin Science Press,1992.(in Chinese))
[22]范留明,黄润秋.一次冲击地震动特性研究[J].地质灾害环境保护,2000,11(1):75-78.(Fan Liuming,Huang Runqiu.Research on dynamic character of one-off impaction ground motion[J].Journal of Geological Hazards and Environment Preservation,2002,11(1):75-78.(in Chinese))
[23]Pyrak-Nolte L J,Myer L R,CooK N G W.Transmission of seismic wave across single natural fractures[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,1990,95(6):8617-8638.
[24]Myer L R,Hopkins D,Peterson J E,et al.Seismic wave propagation across multiple fractures[A].In:Fractured and Jointed Rock Masses[C].Rotterdam:A.A.Balkema,1995.105-109.
[25]Kitsunezaki C.Behavior of plane elastic waves across a plane crack[J].Journal of Mining College of Akita University,1983,6(3):173-187.
[26]Li N.Finite element modeling for rock faults under blasting loading[Ph.D.Thesis][D].Austria,Innsbruck:University of Innsbruck,1991.
[27]Li N.Wave Propagation Problem in the Jointed Rock Mass[M].Xi′an:Press of the Northwest University of Technology,1993.
[28]Li N,Zhang P,Duan Q W,et al.Dynamic damage model of the rockmass medium with microjoints[J].International Journal of Damage Mechanics,2003,12(2):163-173.
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