基于地震道时频分析的地层结构解析原理和方法
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摘要
地震时频分析是通过对地震信号采用多种数学变换,实现从时频域角度对信号的局部特征进行分解,剖析信号细微特征所对应的地层结构。在应用地震时频分析技术过程中,人们对于这项技术能否真正有效地解决实际地质问题存在许多争论。本文从时频原理综合分析的角度出发,对地震道时频谱中各种频率特性参数和时频旋回直接转化成对地层结构逐级、分步的解析方法进行了较深入的探讨。研究认为时频分析原理不仅是对地震数据进行特殊数学变换,实现对信号的分解,而且充分利用了地层厚度的调谐效应及岩性调谐效应;时频谱与地质结构特征之间的良好响应关系为地震地质精细解释提供了直观的依据。
Seismic time-frequency analysis is using multiple mathematic transform on seismic signals and realizing decomposition of local feature of signals from the angle of time-frequency domain, analyzing stratigraphic structure associated to fine feature of signals. In a process of using the seismic time-frequency analysis, the people have a lot of argument about whether the technique can truly and effectively solve the real geologic problems. From the angle of comprehensive analysis of time-frequency principle, the paper implemented deeper discussion about the analytic approach that directly transforms the various frequency parameters and time-frequency cycle in time-frequency spectrum of seismic traces into stratigraphic structure step by step. The study considered that the time-frequency analysis principle not only is special mathematic transform on seismic data, realizing the signal decomposition, but also fully uses the tuning effects of both stratigraphic thickness and lithology. The good response relationship between time-frequency spectrum and geologic structural feature provides straightforward foundation for seismic-geologic fine interpretation.
Seismic time-frequency analysis is using multiple mathematic transform on seismic signals and realizing decomposition of local feature of signals from the angle of time-frequency domain, analyzing stratigraphic structure associated to fine feature of signals. In a process of using the seismic time-frequency analysis, the people have a lot of argument about whether the technique can truly and effectively solve the real geologic problems. From the angle of comprehensive analysis of time-frequency principle, the paper implemented deeper discussion about the analytic approach that directly transforms the various frequency parameters and time-frequency cycle in time-frequency spectrum of seismic traces into stratigraphic structure step by step. The study considered that the time-frequency analysis principle not only is special mathematic transform on seismic data, realizing the signal decomposition, but also fully uses the tuning effects of both stratigraphic thickness and lithology. The good response relationship between time-frequency spectrum and geologic structural feature provides straightforward foundation for seismic-geologic fine interpretation.
引文
[1]Chakraborty A著,徐炎东译.利用小波变换法对地震数据进行频率—时间域分解.石油物探译丛,1996(3):10~21
[2]Stockwell R G,Mansinha Lowe R P.Localization of the complex spectrum:the S-transform.IEEE Trans-actions on Signal Processing,1996,44(4):998~1001
[3]Mahradi.Physical modelling studies of thin beds.[M.Sc.Thesis].University of Houston,1983
[4]高静怀,陈文超等.广义S变换与薄互层地震响应分析.地球物理学报,2003,46(4):526~532
[5]杜世通.地震技术识别与描述超薄储层的潜力与局限.石油地球物理勘探,2005,40(6):652~662
[6]宋建国.基于储层模型的高分辨方法.石油大学学报,2000,(3):228~233
[7]孙志华等.层序地层学技术方法应用初探.石油地球物理勘探,2003,38(3):303~307
[8]王金铎等.济阳拗陷堡坝砂体的识别及其地球物理特征.石油地球物理勘探,2004,39(6):666~671
[9]夏竹等.利用地震频率属性识别、划分陆相盆地多期时频层序———以松辽盆地乾西北下白垩统青山口组—姚家组为例.石油地球物理勘探,2004,39(6):730~738
[10]夏竹等.地震道时间域频率属性特征和地层层序的划分.石油地球物理勘探,2005,40(5):550~560
[11]Xia Zhu et al.Seismic interpretation using seismic trace frequency attribute's properties-a preli minary study.The First Break,2006,24:47~55
[12]穆申.地震资料的构造层序解释.全俄地球物理研究院,1992
[13]罗伯卡.储集层正反演模型模拟.国外油气勘探,1998,(4)
[14]张玉芬.影响薄互层地震反射波特征因素分析.地质科技情报,1998,17(3):101~105
[15]张会星等.双相介质地震波场模拟.SEG,2004:51~53
[16]Mushin J A.Structure formation interpretation of seismic data.NEDRO(Russian),1990
[2]Stockwell R G,Mansinha Lowe R P.Localization of the complex spectrum:the S-transform.IEEE Trans-actions on Signal Processing,1996,44(4):998~1001
[3]Mahradi.Physical modelling studies of thin beds.[M.Sc.Thesis].University of Houston,1983
[4]高静怀,陈文超等.广义S变换与薄互层地震响应分析.地球物理学报,2003,46(4):526~532
[5]杜世通.地震技术识别与描述超薄储层的潜力与局限.石油地球物理勘探,2005,40(6):652~662
[6]宋建国.基于储层模型的高分辨方法.石油大学学报,2000,(3):228~233
[7]孙志华等.层序地层学技术方法应用初探.石油地球物理勘探,2003,38(3):303~307
[8]王金铎等.济阳拗陷堡坝砂体的识别及其地球物理特征.石油地球物理勘探,2004,39(6):666~671
[9]夏竹等.利用地震频率属性识别、划分陆相盆地多期时频层序———以松辽盆地乾西北下白垩统青山口组—姚家组为例.石油地球物理勘探,2004,39(6):730~738
[10]夏竹等.地震道时间域频率属性特征和地层层序的划分.石油地球物理勘探,2005,40(5):550~560
[11]Xia Zhu et al.Seismic interpretation using seismic trace frequency attribute's properties-a preli minary study.The First Break,2006,24:47~55
[12]穆申.地震资料的构造层序解释.全俄地球物理研究院,1992
[13]罗伯卡.储集层正反演模型模拟.国外油气勘探,1998,(4)
[14]张玉芬.影响薄互层地震反射波特征因素分析.地质科技情报,1998,17(3):101~105
[15]张会星等.双相介质地震波场模拟.SEG,2004:51~53
[16]Mushin J A.Structure formation interpretation of seismic data.NEDRO(Russian),1990
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