用于地震短临前兆的空间探测技术
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摘要
短临地震预报是一个尚未解决的科学问题。在分析现有地震预报存在不足的基础上 ,讨论了空间探测技术应用于地震预报的可能性 ,并简述目前国内外应用这种新技术新方法的现状、程度以及尚需解决的问题。连续、动态、系统、多参数的立体观测将是未来地震预报的发展趋势 ,空间探测技术能实时捕获大面积动态震前信息 ,弥补地面台网的不足 ,完善现有地震观测与预报体系
The impend forecasting of strong earthquake is still an unsolvable scientific qu estion in the world. Based on our analysis of the disadvantages of present earth quake forecasting, this article discussed the probability of spatial detect tech nique that is used in earthquake's forecasting, and then summarized the status, extent and some unanswered questions of those new techniques and methods in dome stic and international applications. In earth's crust, where there is the broken proceeding, there is the changing the media of the energy between inside and ou tside. The phenomena can be caused by crust stress changing under ground, temper ature up on earth surface and low frequency electromagnetic emission in atmosphe re by interface match of various solid earth and atmosphere circle. Furthermore, it is possible to acquire strong earthquake information from space remote sensi ng data. In so far, three sorts of strong earthquake's information can be detect ed using various sensors of satellites. There is crust deforming in geologic bod y, thermal abnormal on surface and electromagnetic over atmosphere. We can surel y believe that successive, dynamic, systematic and multi-parameter stereoscopy observation will be a development tendency of earthquake's impending forecasting in future. Through spatial detect technique, we can real time capture the corre lative dynamic information before earthquakes. Low price, covering more area, fa ster, more information, more strong directing perception and continual observing are characteristics of application of remote sensing technology, which compensa te the inadequate of seismic stations on the ground and improve present system o f earthquake's monitoring and forecasting. There is fairly reason to trust that the short-term predicting precise degree of earthquake information must be impr oved.
The impend forecasting of strong earthquake is still an unsolvable scientific qu estion in the world. Based on our analysis of the disadvantages of present earth quake forecasting, this article discussed the probability of spatial detect tech nique that is used in earthquake's forecasting, and then summarized the status, extent and some unanswered questions of those new techniques and methods in dome stic and international applications. In earth's crust, where there is the broken proceeding, there is the changing the media of the energy between inside and ou tside. The phenomena can be caused by crust stress changing under ground, temper ature up on earth surface and low frequency electromagnetic emission in atmosphe re by interface match of various solid earth and atmosphere circle. Furthermore, it is possible to acquire strong earthquake information from space remote sensi ng data. In so far, three sorts of strong earthquake's information can be detect ed using various sensors of satellites. There is crust deforming in geologic bod y, thermal abnormal on surface and electromagnetic over atmosphere. We can surel y believe that successive, dynamic, systematic and multi-parameter stereoscopy observation will be a development tendency of earthquake's impending forecasting in future. Through spatial detect technique, we can real time capture the corre lative dynamic information before earthquakes. Low price, covering more area, fa ster, more information, more strong directing perception and continual observing are characteristics of application of remote sensing technology, which compensa te the inadequate of seismic stations on the ground and improve present system o f earthquake's monitoring and forecasting. There is fairly reason to trust that the short-term predicting precise degree of earthquake information must be impr oved.
引文
〔1〕 MassonnetD,FeiglK L.SatelliteRadarInterferom etricMap of theCoseismicDeformationField ofM=6.1EurekaValley,California,Earthquake ofMay17,1993〔J〕.GeophysResLett,1995,22:1541～1544.
〔2〕 ZebkerH A,RosenP A.On theDerivation ofCoseismicDisplacementFieldsUsingDifferentialRadarInterferometry:TheLandersEarthquake〔J〕.Journal ofGeophysicalResearch,1994,99:19617～19634.
〔3〕 MurakamiM,TobitaM.CoseimicCrustalDeformations ofthe1994NorthridgeCalifornia,EarthquakeDetected byInterferometricJERS-1SyntheticApertureRadar〔J〕.JGeophysRes,1996,101:8605～8614.
〔4〕 PeltzerG,Rosen.SurfaceDisplacement of the17May1993EurekaValley,California,EarthquakeObserved bySARInterferometry〔J〕.Science,1995,268:1333～1336.
〔5〕 MassonnetD,FeiglK L.Discrimination ofGeophysicalPhenomena inSatelliteRadarInterferograms〔J〕.GeophysResLett,1995,22(12):1537～1540.
〔6〕 PeltzerG,HudnutK,FeiglK.Analysis ofCoseismicSurfaceDisplacementGradientsUsingRadarInterferometry:NewInsights into theL andersEarthquake〔J〕.J GeophysRes,1994,99:21971～21981.
〔7〕 强祖基,徐秀登,赁常恭.卫星热红外异常-临震前兆〔J〕.科学通报,1990,35(12):1324～1327.
〔8〕 邓明德.遥感用于地震预报的途径〔J〕.西北地震学报,1992,14(2):49～52.
〔9〕 崔承禹,邓明德,耿乃光,等.在不同压力下岩石光谱辐射特性研究〔J〕.科学通报,1993,38(6):538～541.
〔10〕 耿乃光,崔承禹,邓明德.岩石破裂实验中的遥感与遥感岩石力学的开端〔J〕.地震学报,1992,14(增刊):645～652.
〔11〕 强租基,孔令昌,都满红,等.卫星热红外增温机制的实验研究〔J〕.地震学报,1997,19(2):197～201.
〔12〕 GokhbergM B,MorgunovV A,YoshinoT T,et al.ExperimentalMeasurement ofElectromagneticEmissionPossiblyRelated toEarthquakes inJapan〔J〕.JGeophysRes,1982,87:7824～7878.
〔13〕 WarwickJ W,StokerC,MeyerT R.RadioEmissionAssociated withRockF racturePossibleApplication to theGreatChileanEarthquake ofMay22,1960〔J〕.J GeophysRes,1982,87:2851～2859.
〔14〕 HayakawaM,F ujinawaY.ElectromagneticPhenomenaRelated toEarthquakePrediction〔M〕.TERRAPU B,Tokyo,1994.
〔15〕 郭自强,郭子祺.岩石破裂中的声电实验研究,中国地球物理学报〔J〕.1999,42(1):74～83.
〔16〕 郭子祺,郭自强.岩石破裂中多裂纹辐射模型〔J〕.中国地球物理学报,1999,42(增刊):867～875.
〔17〕 郭自强.地震低频电磁辐射研究〔J〕.地球物理学报,1994,增刊:261～268.
〔18〕 GershenzonN I,GokhbergM B,KarakinA V,etal.孕震过程与地壳电磁辐射的模拟研究〔J〕.世界地震译丛,1991,2:34～38.
〔19〕 钱书清.日本电磁辐射研究的进展与动向〔J〕.国际地震动态,1994,5:42～47.
〔20〕 早川正士.VLF电磁波能预报地震吗〔J〕?国际地震动态,1999,12:36～41
〔2〕 ZebkerH A,RosenP A.On theDerivation ofCoseismicDisplacementFieldsUsingDifferentialRadarInterferometry:TheLandersEarthquake〔J〕.Journal ofGeophysicalResearch,1994,99:19617～19634.
〔3〕 MurakamiM,TobitaM.CoseimicCrustalDeformations ofthe1994NorthridgeCalifornia,EarthquakeDetected byInterferometricJERS-1SyntheticApertureRadar〔J〕.JGeophysRes,1996,101:8605～8614.
〔4〕 PeltzerG,Rosen.SurfaceDisplacement of the17May1993EurekaValley,California,EarthquakeObserved bySARInterferometry〔J〕.Science,1995,268:1333～1336.
〔5〕 MassonnetD,FeiglK L.Discrimination ofGeophysicalPhenomena inSatelliteRadarInterferograms〔J〕.GeophysResLett,1995,22(12):1537～1540.
〔6〕 PeltzerG,HudnutK,FeiglK.Analysis ofCoseismicSurfaceDisplacementGradientsUsingRadarInterferometry:NewInsights into theL andersEarthquake〔J〕.J GeophysRes,1994,99:21971～21981.
〔7〕 强祖基,徐秀登,赁常恭.卫星热红外异常-临震前兆〔J〕.科学通报,1990,35(12):1324～1327.
〔8〕 邓明德.遥感用于地震预报的途径〔J〕.西北地震学报,1992,14(2):49～52.
〔9〕 崔承禹,邓明德,耿乃光,等.在不同压力下岩石光谱辐射特性研究〔J〕.科学通报,1993,38(6):538～541.
〔10〕 耿乃光,崔承禹,邓明德.岩石破裂实验中的遥感与遥感岩石力学的开端〔J〕.地震学报,1992,14(增刊):645～652.
〔11〕 强租基,孔令昌,都满红,等.卫星热红外增温机制的实验研究〔J〕.地震学报,1997,19(2):197～201.
〔12〕 GokhbergM B,MorgunovV A,YoshinoT T,et al.ExperimentalMeasurement ofElectromagneticEmissionPossiblyRelated toEarthquakes inJapan〔J〕.JGeophysRes,1982,87:7824～7878.
〔13〕 WarwickJ W,StokerC,MeyerT R.RadioEmissionAssociated withRockF racturePossibleApplication to theGreatChileanEarthquake ofMay22,1960〔J〕.J GeophysRes,1982,87:2851～2859.
〔14〕 HayakawaM,F ujinawaY.ElectromagneticPhenomenaRelated toEarthquakePrediction〔M〕.TERRAPU B,Tokyo,1994.
〔15〕 郭自强,郭子祺.岩石破裂中的声电实验研究,中国地球物理学报〔J〕.1999,42(1):74～83.
〔16〕 郭子祺,郭自强.岩石破裂中多裂纹辐射模型〔J〕.中国地球物理学报,1999,42(增刊):867～875.
〔17〕 郭自强.地震低频电磁辐射研究〔J〕.地球物理学报,1994,增刊:261～268.
〔18〕 GershenzonN I,GokhbergM B,KarakinA V,etal.孕震过程与地壳电磁辐射的模拟研究〔J〕.世界地震译丛,1991,2:34～38.
〔19〕 钱书清.日本电磁辐射研究的进展与动向〔J〕.国际地震动态,1994,5:42～47.
〔20〕 早川正士.VLF电磁波能预报地震吗〔J〕?国际地震动态,1999,12:36～41
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