雅鲁藏布江缝合带的双陆内俯冲构造与部分熔融层特征──INDEPTH项目结果的初步综合
|
摘要
根据中、美两国合作开展的西藏深反射地震结果,提出雅鲁藏布江缝合带（YZS）的"双陆内俯冲"构造模式和缝合带南、北分别存在着不同特征的、规模不一的部分熔融层；提出YZS处断裂向深部延深有限,认为YZS处地壳增厚有4种机制：①地壳规模的大的俯冲增厚；②上部地壳内的俯冲和背冲增厚；③下地壳内的底部垫托增厚和挤压增厚；④深部熔融体的向上挤入而引起的地壳增厚.提出可能存在两条大的伸展性断裂,造成江孜南、北地块间出现了大升降.
The paper suggests a "Double Intracontinental Underthrusting Structure" modelwithin the Yarlung Zangbo Suture along with a deep architecture that there is a sepa-rate partial melting mass occurred 0n both southern and n0rthern sides of the suture,respectively, with their genetic origins being different one from another. The faultswithin the YZS have liAnted extensions t0 the depth' Here altogether four mechanisms of crustal thickening are suggested: 1) a thickening due to crust-scaleunderthrusting; 2) a thjckening within the upper crust due to underthrustingand backthrusting; 3) a thickehing within the lower crust due to bottom uplifting from belowand compression; 4) a thickening due to an upward intrusion of deep molten mass. Itis, therefor, inferred that there is a likelihood of ekistence of two big extension faults,resulting in great elevation and subsidence.
The paper suggests a "Double Intracontinental Underthrusting Structure" modelwithin the Yarlung Zangbo Suture along with a deep architecture that there is a sepa-rate partial melting mass occurred 0n both southern and n0rthern sides of the suture,respectively, with their genetic origins being different one from another. The faultswithin the YZS have liAnted extensions t0 the depth' Here altogether four mechanisms of crustal thickening are suggested: 1) a thickening due to crust-scaleunderthrusting; 2) a thjckening within the upper crust due to underthrustingand backthrusting; 3) a thickehing within the lower crust due to bottom uplifting from belowand compression; 4) a thickening due to an upward intrusion of deep molten mass. Itis, therefor, inferred that there is a likelihood of ekistence of two big extension faults,resulting in great elevation and subsidence.
引文
[1]Dewey J.F,Shackleton R. M.,Chang C.F., Sun Y.Y.,The tectonic evolution of the Tibetan Plateau,Philos.Trans.R.Soc.,Ser.,A327-413,1989
[2]常承法,雅鲁藏布江缝合带地质构造特征及其演化,中法喜马拉雅考察成果(1980),北京:地质出版社,327-341,1984
[3]Mercier,J L.,Tapponnier,P.,Proust,F.,et al,印度-欧亚碰撞带的西藏一侧,中法喜马拉雅考察成果(1980),北京:地质出版社,1-16,1984.
[4]Burg,J P.,Chen,G. M.,Tectonics and structural zonation of southern Tibet,China,Nature,311(5983)219-223,1984
[5]Yin,A.,Harrison,T.M.,Ryerson, F.J.,Chen,W.J., et al.,Tertiary siructural evolution of Gangdese thrust system,southeastern Tibet,J.Geophys. Res.,99,18175-18201,1994.
[6]Gansser,A.,The Indian Ocean and the Himalna: A grologic interpretation,Eclogae Geological Helvetie,59,823-848, 1966
[7]Ratschbacher,L.,Frisch,W,Liu,G.,Chen C.,Distributed deformation in southern and western Tibet during and after the India- Asia collnion,J Geophys.Res.,99 19917-19945,1994.
[8]Nelson,K D.,Zhao,W J.,Brown,L D Kuo,J T.,Che,J K.,Liu,X. W,Klemperer,S L,Makovsky,Meissner,Y. R.,Mechie,J.,Kind,R.,Wenzel,F,Ni,J.,Nabelek, J.Chen, L S.,Tan,H.D.,Wei,W B.,A. G. Jones,J Booker, M Unsworth,W. S. F. Kidd,M. Hauck, D. Alsdorf,A Ross,M.Cogan,Changde Wu,E. Sandvol, M. Edwards, Partially molten middle crust beneath southern Tibet:Synthesis of project INDEPTH results, science,274,1684-1688 1996.
[9]Brown,L D,Zhao,W. J.,Nelson,K. D.,Hauck, M., Alsdorf,D.,Ross,A., Comp,M.,Clark M.,Liu,X.W.,Che,J.K.,Bright spots,strure,and magmatism in southern Tibet from INDEPTH seismic reflection profiling,Science, 274,1688-1690,1996
[10]Makovsky,Y., Klemperer,S L., Ratschbacher,L.,Brown, D., Li,M., Zhao,W J., Meng,F.L.,INDEPTH wide-angle reflection observation of P-wave-to-S-wave conversion from crustal bright spots in Tibet,Science,274,1690-1691,1996.
[11]Kind,R.,Ni,J.,Zhao,W.J.,Wu,J.X.,Yuan,X H,Zhao,L.S.,Sandvol, E.,Reese, C.,Nabelek,J.,Hearn,T., Evidence from earthquake data for a partially Molten crustal layer in southern Tibet,Science,274,1692-1694,1996
[12]Chen,L,S.,Booker,J.R.,Jones,A.G.,Nong Wu,Martyn J. Unsworth,Wei,W.B.,Tan,H.D.,Electrically coductive crust in southern Tibet from INDEPTH magnetotelluric surveying,Science,274,1694-1696,1996.
[13]劳雄,雅鲁藏布江断裂是印度板块与欧亚板块缝合线的置疑,地质力学研究所所刊,(16),25-35,1995
[4]Makovsky,Y.,Klemperer,S. L.,Ratschbacher,L.,Mid-crustal reflector truncating the India-Asia suture and magma beneath the tibet rift system from wide-allgle seismic data of Proect INDEPTH,Arizona:11th Hilllalnya-Karakortum-Tibet Workshop,91-92,1996
[15]Mechie,L.,Wenzel,F.,Meissner,R.,Steentoft.H,Zhao,W.J.et al.,The Indus-Yarlung Suture,Southern Tibet,A crustal section based on wide-angle seismic measurements,Geowissenschaften,14,Helt 7-8,317-319,1996
[16]袁学诚、李立、范文科,西藏洛扎-那曲一带地壳与土地幔的大地电磁测深研究,见:中国地质科学院编,西藏地球物理文集,北京:地质出版社,63-71,1990
[17]范文科、D.布瓦叶、P.台尔摩、袁学诚、金国元等,切割西藏雅鲁藏布江缝合带的一条大地电磁测深剖面提供的地壳电性情况,见:中国地质科学院编,西藏地球物理文集,北京:地质出版社,72-81,1990
[18]费鼎、成土兴、郝春荣,西藏中部构造特征及印度板块仰冲问题,地球物理学报,24,395-402,1981.
[19]Hodges,K.V.,Parrish,R.R.,Housh,T.B.,Simultaneous Miocene extension and shortening in the Himalnya orogen,Science, 258,1466-1470, 1992.
[20]Hirn,A.,Nercessian, A.,Sapin,M.,et al.,Lhsha block and bording sutures-a continuation of a 500 km Moho trverse through Tibet,nature,307,25-27,1984b.
[21]Zhao,W.J.,Nelson K.D.,and Project INDEPTH Team,Deep seismic reflection evidence for continental underthrusting beneath southern Tibet,Nature,366,557-559,1993
[22]赵文津,Nelson,K. D.,车敬凯,Brown,L. D.,徐中信,Kuo,J. T.深反射地震揭了喜马拉雅地区地完上地幔的复杂结构,地球物理学报,39,615-628,1996
[23]Zeng Rong-sheng,Ding Zhi-feng,Wu Qing-ju,et al.,A review on the lithospheric structures in the Tibetan Plateau and constraints for dynamics,PAGEOPH.145, NOS3/4,425-443,1995
[24]程振森、郭新峰,青藏高原宕五圈结构构造和形成演化,105-113,北京:地质出版社,1996
[25]石耀霖、朱元清、沈显杰,青藏高原构造热演化的主要控制因素,地球物理学报,35,710-720, 1992
[26]Francheteau,J.,Jaupart,C.,沈显杰等,藏南的高热流,见:中国地质科学院编,西藏地球物理文集,北京:地质出版社,82-91,1990
[27]西藏地矿局西藏地热地质大队,西藏地热资源调查和区划报告,北京:地质出版社,1995
[28]黄立言、卢德源、赵文津,Makovsky,Y.,Klemmerer,S.,藏南帕里至达吉上地壳结构特征,地球学报,17,165-176,1996
[29]Patriat,P. ,Achache,J., India-Eurasia collision chronology has implications for crustal shortening and driving mechanism of plates,Nature,311,615-621,1984
[30]环文林、汪素云、时振梁、鄢家全,青藏高原震源分布与板块运动,地球物理学报,23,269-279,1980
[31]岳永君、蒋忠惕、武长得、李冀湘, kidd,W.S.F.,Edwards,M.,藏南深反射测线附近地表地质观察研究成果,地球学报,17,177-186,1996
[2]常承法,雅鲁藏布江缝合带地质构造特征及其演化,中法喜马拉雅考察成果(1980),北京:地质出版社,327-341,1984
[3]Mercier,J L.,Tapponnier,P.,Proust,F.,et al,印度-欧亚碰撞带的西藏一侧,中法喜马拉雅考察成果(1980),北京:地质出版社,1-16,1984.
[4]Burg,J P.,Chen,G. M.,Tectonics and structural zonation of southern Tibet,China,Nature,311(5983)219-223,1984
[5]Yin,A.,Harrison,T.M.,Ryerson, F.J.,Chen,W.J., et al.,Tertiary siructural evolution of Gangdese thrust system,southeastern Tibet,J.Geophys. Res.,99,18175-18201,1994.
[6]Gansser,A.,The Indian Ocean and the Himalna: A grologic interpretation,Eclogae Geological Helvetie,59,823-848, 1966
[7]Ratschbacher,L.,Frisch,W,Liu,G.,Chen C.,Distributed deformation in southern and western Tibet during and after the India- Asia collnion,J Geophys.Res.,99 19917-19945,1994.
[8]Nelson,K D.,Zhao,W J.,Brown,L D Kuo,J T.,Che,J K.,Liu,X. W,Klemperer,S L,Makovsky,Meissner,Y. R.,Mechie,J.,Kind,R.,Wenzel,F,Ni,J.,Nabelek, J.Chen, L S.,Tan,H.D.,Wei,W B.,A. G. Jones,J Booker, M Unsworth,W. S. F. Kidd,M. Hauck, D. Alsdorf,A Ross,M.Cogan,Changde Wu,E. Sandvol, M. Edwards, Partially molten middle crust beneath southern Tibet:Synthesis of project INDEPTH results, science,274,1684-1688 1996.
[9]Brown,L D,Zhao,W. J.,Nelson,K. D.,Hauck, M., Alsdorf,D.,Ross,A., Comp,M.,Clark M.,Liu,X.W.,Che,J.K.,Bright spots,strure,and magmatism in southern Tibet from INDEPTH seismic reflection profiling,Science, 274,1688-1690,1996
[10]Makovsky,Y., Klemperer,S L., Ratschbacher,L.,Brown, D., Li,M., Zhao,W J., Meng,F.L.,INDEPTH wide-angle reflection observation of P-wave-to-S-wave conversion from crustal bright spots in Tibet,Science,274,1690-1691,1996.
[11]Kind,R.,Ni,J.,Zhao,W.J.,Wu,J.X.,Yuan,X H,Zhao,L.S.,Sandvol, E.,Reese, C.,Nabelek,J.,Hearn,T., Evidence from earthquake data for a partially Molten crustal layer in southern Tibet,Science,274,1692-1694,1996
[12]Chen,L,S.,Booker,J.R.,Jones,A.G.,Nong Wu,Martyn J. Unsworth,Wei,W.B.,Tan,H.D.,Electrically coductive crust in southern Tibet from INDEPTH magnetotelluric surveying,Science,274,1694-1696,1996.
[13]劳雄,雅鲁藏布江断裂是印度板块与欧亚板块缝合线的置疑,地质力学研究所所刊,(16),25-35,1995
[4]Makovsky,Y.,Klemperer,S. L.,Ratschbacher,L.,Mid-crustal reflector truncating the India-Asia suture and magma beneath the tibet rift system from wide-allgle seismic data of Proect INDEPTH,Arizona:11th Hilllalnya-Karakortum-Tibet Workshop,91-92,1996
[15]Mechie,L.,Wenzel,F.,Meissner,R.,Steentoft.H,Zhao,W.J.et al.,The Indus-Yarlung Suture,Southern Tibet,A crustal section based on wide-angle seismic measurements,Geowissenschaften,14,Helt 7-8,317-319,1996
[16]袁学诚、李立、范文科,西藏洛扎-那曲一带地壳与土地幔的大地电磁测深研究,见:中国地质科学院编,西藏地球物理文集,北京:地质出版社,63-71,1990
[17]范文科、D.布瓦叶、P.台尔摩、袁学诚、金国元等,切割西藏雅鲁藏布江缝合带的一条大地电磁测深剖面提供的地壳电性情况,见:中国地质科学院编,西藏地球物理文集,北京:地质出版社,72-81,1990
[18]费鼎、成土兴、郝春荣,西藏中部构造特征及印度板块仰冲问题,地球物理学报,24,395-402,1981.
[19]Hodges,K.V.,Parrish,R.R.,Housh,T.B.,Simultaneous Miocene extension and shortening in the Himalnya orogen,Science, 258,1466-1470, 1992.
[20]Hirn,A.,Nercessian, A.,Sapin,M.,et al.,Lhsha block and bording sutures-a continuation of a 500 km Moho trverse through Tibet,nature,307,25-27,1984b.
[21]Zhao,W.J.,Nelson K.D.,and Project INDEPTH Team,Deep seismic reflection evidence for continental underthrusting beneath southern Tibet,Nature,366,557-559,1993
[22]赵文津,Nelson,K. D.,车敬凯,Brown,L. D.,徐中信,Kuo,J. T.深反射地震揭了喜马拉雅地区地完上地幔的复杂结构,地球物理学报,39,615-628,1996
[23]Zeng Rong-sheng,Ding Zhi-feng,Wu Qing-ju,et al.,A review on the lithospheric structures in the Tibetan Plateau and constraints for dynamics,PAGEOPH.145, NOS3/4,425-443,1995
[24]程振森、郭新峰,青藏高原宕五圈结构构造和形成演化,105-113,北京:地质出版社,1996
[25]石耀霖、朱元清、沈显杰,青藏高原构造热演化的主要控制因素,地球物理学报,35,710-720, 1992
[26]Francheteau,J.,Jaupart,C.,沈显杰等,藏南的高热流,见:中国地质科学院编,西藏地球物理文集,北京:地质出版社,82-91,1990
[27]西藏地矿局西藏地热地质大队,西藏地热资源调查和区划报告,北京:地质出版社,1995
[28]黄立言、卢德源、赵文津,Makovsky,Y.,Klemmerer,S.,藏南帕里至达吉上地壳结构特征,地球学报,17,165-176,1996
[29]Patriat,P. ,Achache,J., India-Eurasia collision chronology has implications for crustal shortening and driving mechanism of plates,Nature,311,615-621,1984
[30]环文林、汪素云、时振梁、鄢家全,青藏高原震源分布与板块运动,地球物理学报,23,269-279,1980
[31]岳永君、蒋忠惕、武长得、李冀湘, kidd,W.S.F.,Edwards,M.,藏南深反射测线附近地表地质观察研究成果,地球学报,17,177-186,1996
版权所有：© 2023 中国地质图书馆 中国地质调查局地学文献中心