世界高放废物地质处置库选址研究概况及国内进展
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摘要
高放废物是核能事业发展的必然产物。它的安全处置是核能事业持续发展的前提 ,已受到世界各国的高度重视。文中阐述了高放废物深地质处置的一般概念。同时重点介绍了世界上一些国家处置库选址研究的主要内容和研究进展 ,例如 ,美国把处置库建造过程分为场地推荐、场地的特征评价、处置库场地的选择和批准、领取场地执照和处置库建造设计的审批、处置库的建造 5个阶段 ;德国的选址研究工作包括地电和地热研究 ,重力、地震、地球化学、水文地质、同位素地球化学及微生物研究等 ;瑞典在花岗岩中建成了地下实验室 ,并制定了实验室的总体研究目标等等。另外也介绍了中国在甘肃省北山进行的高放废物地质处置库选址工作的情况 ,研究表明北山地区为一地壳稳定区 ,也是地下水贫水区且地下水流速缓慢 ,有利于处置库的建造 ,进一步的地面地质、水文地质勘察工作及钻探工程工作正在进行中。伴随着这些工作的完成 ,中国将大大缩短在高放废物地质处置研究方面与发达国家的距离。
High\|level radioactive waste is the inevitable product of nuclear power development. The whole world has paid more attention to the safety disposal of the waste so as to maintain the sustainable development of nuclear power. This paper firstly describes a general concept of geological disposal, then introduces the general research situation,such as the research contents,research phase and so on for repository siting in some countries in the world, finally gives the research progress of geological disposal for high\|level radioactive waste in Beishan area,Gansu Province,China.
High\|level radioactive waste is the inevitable product of nuclear power development. The whole world has paid more attention to the safety disposal of the waste so as to maintain the sustainable development of nuclear power. This paper firstly describes a general concept of geological disposal, then introduces the general research situation,such as the research contents,research phase and so on for repository siting in some countries in the world, finally gives the research progress of geological disposal for high\|level radioactive waste in Beishan area,Gansu Province,China.
引文
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[2 ] THOMASH ,P .AStudyoftheIsolationSystemforGeologicDisposalofRadioactiveWaste[M] .[s.l.] :NationalAcademyPress,1983.14 7.
[3 ] LINW .AGlobalNuclearWasteRepository ,Forum ,EosTransac tions[C] .AmericanGeophysicalUnion ,1988.
[4] MCKINLEYIG ,MOCOMBIEC .High levelRadioactiveWasteMan agementinSwitzerland :BackgroundandStatus[R] .1995 .
[5 ] WITHERSPOONPA .GeologicalProblemsinRadioactiveWasteIso lation :AWorldWideReview ,LawrenceBerkeleyLaboratoryReport,LBL \| 2 970 3[R] .1991.
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