引文
1Dziewonski A M,Anderson D L.Preliminary Reference Earth Model(PREM).Phys Earth Planet Inter,1981,25:297–356
2Kennett B L N,Engdahl E R.Travel times for global earthquake location and phase association.Geophys J Int,1991,105:429–465
3Kennett B L N.Engdahl E R,Buland R.Constraints on seismic velocities in the Earth from travel times.Geophys J Int,1995,122:108–124
4Kárason H,van der Hilst R D.Constraints on mantle convection from seismic tomography.In:Richards M R,Gordon R,Van der Hilst R D,eds.The History and Dynamics of Global Plate Motion.Washington DC:American Geophysical Union.Geophy Monograph,2000,121:277–288
5Gorbatov A,Fukao Y,Widiyantoro S.Application of a three-dimensional ray-tracing technique to global P,PP and Pdiff traveltime tomography.Geophys J Inter,2001,146:583–593
6Hager B H,Clayton R W,Richards M A,et al.Lower mantle heterogeneity,dynamic topography and the geoid.Nature,1985,313:541–545
7Tanimoto T.Predominance of large-scale heterogeneity and the shift of velocity anomalies between the upper and the lower mantle.J Phys Earth,1990,38:493–509
8Wen L,Anderson D L.The fate of the slabs inferred from seismic tomography and130Ma subduction.Earth Planet Sci Lett,1995,133:185–198
9Anderson D L.New Theory of the Earth.Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,2007
10Kellogg L H,Hager B H,Van Der Hilst R D.Compositional stratification in the deep mantle.Science,1999,283:1881–1884
11Huang J,Zhao D.High-resolution mantle tomography of China and surrounding regions.J Geophys Res,2006,111:B09305,doi:10.1029/2005JB004066
12Niu F,Kawakatsu H,Fukao Y.Seismic evidence for a chemical heterogeneity in the midmantle:A strong and slightly dipping seismic reflector beneath the Mariana subduction zone.J Geophys Res,2003,108:2419,doi:10.1029/2002JB002384
13Castle J C,van der Hilst R D.Searching for seismic scattering off mantle interfaces between800km and2000km depth.J Geophys Res,2003,108(B2):2095,doi:10.1029/2001JB000286
14Courtier A M,Revenaugh J.Slab and shear wave reflectors in the midmantle.J Geophy Res,2008,113:B08312,doi:10.1029/2007JB005261
15Shen Y,Wolfe C J,Solomon S C.Seismic evidence for a lower mantle discontinuity beneath Hawaii and Iceland.Earth Planet Sci Lett,2003,214:143–151
16Kawakatsu H,Niu F.Seismic evidence for a920-km discontinuity.Nature,1994,371:301–305
17Wicks C W,Richards M A.Seismic evidence for1200km discontinuity.EOS Trans Am Geophys Un,1993,43(Suppl):550
18Niu F,Kawakatsu H.Depth variation of the mid-mantle seismic discontinuity.Geophys Res Lett,1997,24:429–432
19Vanacore E,Niu F,Kawakatsu H.Observations of the mid-mantle discontinuity beneath Indonesia from S to P converted waveforms.Geophys Res Lett,2006,33,doi:10.1029/2005GL025106
20Van der Meijde M,Marone F,Giardini D,et al.Seismic evidence for water deep in earth’s upper mantle.Science,2003,300:1556–1558
21周元泽,眭怡.南美地区下地幔速度界面结构研究.地球物理学报,2010,53:86–93,doi:10.3969/j.issn.0001-5733.2010.01.009
22臧绍先,宁杰远.西太平洋俯冲带研究及其动力学意义.地球物理学报,1996,39:188–202
23Fukao Y,Widiyantoro S,Obayashi M.Stagnant slabs in the upper and lower mantle transition region.Rev Geophys,2001,39:291–323
24Helffrich G.Topography of the transition zone seismic discontinuities.Rev Geophys,2000,38:141–158
25Collier J D,Helffrich G R,Wood B J.Seismic discontinuities and subduction zones.Phys Earth Planet Inter,2001,127:35–49
26Tibi R,Wiens D A.Detailed structure and sharpness of upper mantle discontinuities in the Tonga subduction zone from regional broadband arrays.J Geophys Res,2005,110,doi:10.1029/2004JB003433
27Zang S X,Zhou Y Z,Ning J Y,et al.Multiple discontinuities near660km beneath Tonga area.Geophys Res Lett,2006,33,doi:10.1029/2006GL027262
28Vinnik L,Kato M,Kawakatsu H.Search for seismic discontinuities in the lower mantle.Geophys J Int,2001,147:41–56
29Castle J C,Creager K C.Local sharpness and shear wave speed jump across the660-km discontinuity.J Geophys Res,2000,105:6191–6200
30Wen L,Anderson D L.Layered mantle convection:A model for geoid and topography.Earth Planet Sci Lett,1997,146:367–377
31Irifune T,Shinmei T,McCammon C A,et al.Iron partitioning and density changes of pyrolite in earth’s lower mantle.Science,2010,327:193–195
32Hirose K.Deep mantle properties.Science,2010,327:151–152