构造断阶对沉积的控制:来自地震、测井和露头的实例
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摘要
构造断阶是裂谷盆地 (特别是裂谷盆地发育早期 )或断陷盆地边缘发育的一种构造样式 ,反映盆地边缘因断块差异沉降所形成的沉积斜坡地形的阶梯变化。在地震剖面可以解释出许多不同类型的断阶带 ,并在此框架下根据地震反射结构解释地震相和沉积相。构造断阶带的不同类型控制了不同的沉积样式。构造断阶的识别约束了地震解释的多解性。测井资料的运用可以证实断阶带的沉积控制作用 ,约束地震解释 ,也可以进行沉积微相及空间分布的精细研究 .地震、测井的实例分别来自松辽盆地徐家围子断陷和渤海湾盆地沾化凹陷。来自胶莱盆地野外露头的实例从另一方面证实了这种控制作用。与钻井或测井资料相比 ,露头资料具有连续性。露头的详细分析可得到构造断阶对沉积和地层结构控制的细节。构造断阶 (带 )与沉积作用关系的模式可以提供油气勘探的地质模型。
Structural fault terrace is a kind of structural pattern developed on the margins of rift(especially in the early stage of rift)or fault basins reflecting step changes of depositional relief of slopes formed by different subsidence of marginal blocks. Some different types of fault terrace zones are interpreted from seismic profile under which we interpret seismic facies and sedimentary facies. Different types of fault terraces control different sedimentary types. The using of fault terrace may constrain the seismic interpretation with multiple resolutions. Well logging data may be used to test and confirm the controls of sedimentation on the terrace zones constraining seismic interpretation, and to study some details about sedimentary micro-facies and spatial distributions. The examples from seismic and well logging data are from Xujiaweizi fault depression of Songliao basin and Zhanhua sag of Bohaiwan basin. The example from field outcrop in Jiaolai Basin confirms this controlling process. Comparing with drilling and logging data, the information from outcrop is continuous and the analysis of outcrop may reveal details of sedimentation and stratigraphic architecture under control of structural fault terrace. Models of fault terrace and sedimentation may be applicable to oil and gas exploration.
Structural fault terrace is a kind of structural pattern developed on the margins of rift(especially in the early stage of rift)or fault basins reflecting step changes of depositional relief of slopes formed by different subsidence of marginal blocks. Some different types of fault terrace zones are interpreted from seismic profile under which we interpret seismic facies and sedimentary facies. Different types of fault terraces control different sedimentary types. The using of fault terrace may constrain the seismic interpretation with multiple resolutions. Well logging data may be used to test and confirm the controls of sedimentation on the terrace zones constraining seismic interpretation, and to study some details about sedimentary micro-facies and spatial distributions. The examples from seismic and well logging data are from Xujiaweizi fault depression of Songliao basin and Zhanhua sag of Bohaiwan basin. The example from field outcrop in Jiaolai Basin confirms this controlling process. Comparing with drilling and logging data, the information from outcrop is continuous and the analysis of outcrop may reveal details of sedimentation and stratigraphic architecture under control of structural fault terrace. Models of fault terrace and sedimentation may be applicable to oil and gas exploration.
引文
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7 张善文,隋风贵,王永诗.济阳坳陷下第三系陡岸沉积模式[J].沉积学报,2001,19(2):219～223[ZhangShanwen,SuiFenggui andWangYongshi.Depositional models on the steep slope ofPaleogene,Jiyang sub-basin[J].ActaSedimentologicaSinica,2001,19(2):219～223]
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9 李桂群,范德江,任景民.胶莱盆地发育及其油气前景探讨[J].青岛海洋大学学报,1994,24(3):413～419[L iGuiqun,FanDejiangandRenJingmin.The evolution features of theJiaolai basin andstudy of its prospective oil and gas deposits[J]Journal ofOceanUniversity ofQindao,1994,24(3):413～419]
10 GuptaS,CowieP.Processes and controls in the stratigraphicdevelopment of extensional basins[J].BasinResearch,2000,12(3/4):185～194
11 ChengRihui,WangPujun,L iuWanzhu,et al.The sequenceArchitecture of volcanic basin fillings-an example fromXujiaweizifaulted depression inSongliao basin[J].Journal ofGeoscientificResearch inNortheastAsia,2001,4(2):116～119
2 MagnavitaL P,HerculesT F,daSilva.RiftBorderSystem:Theinterplay between tectonics and sedimentation in theReconcavoBasin,.NortheasternBrazil[J],AAPG Bull,1995,79(111):1590～1607
3 程日辉,林畅松,郑和荣.构造坡折与砂体预测:以沾化凹陷富林地区为例[J].石油与天然气地质,1999,20(3):203～206[ChengRihui,ZhengHerong andLinChangsong.Structural fault terraceand sand body prediction:an example fromFulin area,Zhanhua sag[J].Oil andGasGeology,1999,20(3):203～206]
4 程日辉,林畅松,郑和荣.反向断阶构造样式与砂质沉积体发育—以沾化凹陷为例[J].长春科技大学学报,2001,31(2):146～148[ChengRihui,Zhengherong andL inChangsong.The structuralstyle of antithetic fault terrace and the development of sand bodies[J].Journal ofChangchunUniversity ofScience andTechnology,2001,31(2):146～148]
5 林畅松,潘元林,肖建新等.“构造坡折带”—断陷盆地层序分析和油气预测的重要概念[J].地球科学-中国地质大学学报,2000,25(3):260～265[LinChangsong,PanYuanlin,XiaoJianxin,et al.Structural slope-break zone:key concept for stratigraphic sequenceanalysis and petroleum forecasting in fault subsidence basin[J].EarthScience-Journal ofChinaUniversity ofGeosciences,2000,25(3):260～265]
6 国景星,戴启德,徐炜.沾化凹陷东部长堤地区下第三系沉积体系研究[J].沉积学报,2001,19(3):368～374[GuoJingxing,DaiQide andXuWei.Study on the sedimentary system ofPaleogene inChangdi region ofZhanhua sag[J].ActaSedimentologicaSinica,2001,19(3):368～374]
7 张善文,隋风贵,王永诗.济阳坳陷下第三系陡岸沉积模式[J].沉积学报,2001,19(2):219～223[ZhangShanwen,SuiFenggui andWangYongshi.Depositional models on the steep slope ofPaleogene,Jiyang sub-basin[J].ActaSedimentologicaSinica,2001,19(2):219～223]
8 陈书平,戴俊生,宋全友等.胶莱盆地构造应力场特征及数学模拟[J].石油大学学报(自然科学版),1998,22(3):19～25[ChenShuping,DaiJunsheng,SongQuanyou,etal.Features of tectonicstress fields inJiaolai basin[J].Journal of theUniversity ofPetroleum,China,1998,22(3):19～25]
9 李桂群,范德江,任景民.胶莱盆地发育及其油气前景探讨[J].青岛海洋大学学报,1994,24(3):413～419[L iGuiqun,FanDejiangandRenJingmin.The evolution features of theJiaolai basin andstudy of its prospective oil and gas deposits[J]Journal ofOceanUniversity ofQindao,1994,24(3):413～419]
10 GuptaS,CowieP.Processes and controls in the stratigraphicdevelopment of extensional basins[J].BasinResearch,2000,12(3/4):185～194
11 ChengRihui,WangPujun,L iuWanzhu,et al.The sequenceArchitecture of volcanic basin fillings-an example fromXujiaweizifaulted depression inSongliao basin[J].Journal ofGeoscientificResearch inNortheastAsia,2001,4(2):116～119
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