台湾崩塌地的分类与防治工法
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摘要
台湾本岛南北轴长约 385km ,东西最宽处约 1 4 3km ,中央山脉纵贯本岛南北长约 350km ,其中至少有 2 5个以上的主峰海拨高度超过 30 0 0m ,台湾山地面积约占总面积 70 % ,不但地质环境复杂 ,地势陡峻 ,土壤浅薄、河流短急 ,降雨多、强度大且集中 ,山坡地崩塌常随着台风、豪雨及地震、或伴随着人为的破环而引起 ,屡屡造成重大灾害。崩塌常发生于特定地质或地质结构上 ,尤以坡地或台地的缓坡面为最多 ,其移动缓慢而有特续性及周期 (反复 )性。本研究针对台湾坡地崩塌的特性试作型态上的分类 ,并寻求其有效且可行之防治工法 ,盼能降低灾害所造成之损失 ,并确保该区域人民之生命及财产之安全
Taiwan is an island of China located in the western Pacific Ocean,and has an area of 36 000 km 2 .It resembles a shape of tobacco shape leaf and is composed of two_thirds mountains.The average annual rainfall is concentrated 70% of its total 2 510 mm in the period of May to September,the other months are mostly dry.Because of the precipitous topography,tectonic disturbances and torrential storms,the rates of geologic erosion in the mountain areas are high and channel aggradation in the lower reaches is severe.The hillslope land of Taiwan is prone to various types of landslide disasters,theirfrequency and scale have been aggravated in recent years by human activities in land development and natural environment conditions.The landslides directly threat the safety of houses,highway,railway,public works and human being.The purpose of thisstudy is focus on the classification and characteristics of landslides in Taiwan and its counter measurements for preventing such disasters.As the results shown that,landslides in the hillslope could be divided into three major patterns,those are plane failure,circular failure and wedge failure.And the counter measurements of landslides disaster in Taiwan could undertake to two ways,which including the prevention worksand control works.The methodology and techniques developed in this study can be used to analyze suspected landslide areas to determine their locations for the purpose of installation of drain tiles to prevent slope failure.
Taiwan is an island of China located in the western Pacific Ocean,and has an area of 36 000 km 2 .It resembles a shape of tobacco shape leaf and is composed of two_thirds mountains.The average annual rainfall is concentrated 70% of its total 2 510 mm in the period of May to September,the other months are mostly dry.Because of the precipitous topography,tectonic disturbances and torrential storms,the rates of geologic erosion in the mountain areas are high and channel aggradation in the lower reaches is severe.The hillslope land of Taiwan is prone to various types of landslide disasters,theirfrequency and scale have been aggravated in recent years by human activities in land development and natural environment conditions.The landslides directly threat the safety of houses,highway,railway,public works and human being.The purpose of thisstudy is focus on the classification and characteristics of landslides in Taiwan and its counter measurements for preventing such disasters.As the results shown that,landslides in the hillslope could be divided into three major patterns,those are plane failure,circular failure and wedge failure.And the counter measurements of landslides disaster in Taiwan could undertake to two ways,which including the prevention worksand control works.The methodology and techniques developed in this study can be used to analyze suspected landslide areas to determine their locations for the purpose of installation of drain tiles to prevent slope failure.
引文
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[2]何春蒜,普通地质学[M]五南图书公司,1990
[3]施国钦.大地工程学中国工程地质篇[M].文笙书局,1997.
[4]潘国梁.应用环境地质学[M].地景企业股份有限公司,1993.
[5]王文能.九二一地震崩塌地现况与灾害防治[C].九二一震灾后中日土砂灾害调查及治理研讨会,2000.79～90
[6]李锦育.崩塌灾害防治对策之研究[M].国立屏东科技大学水土保持系集水区科学研究室印行,2001.
[7]陈信雄.崩塌地调查与分析[M].台湾:渤海堂文化公司,1995.
[8]Lee,Chinyu.LandslideanalysisinTaiwan[J].Int.J .SedimentResearch,1997,12(3):183～189.
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