薄油层时移地震差异波形特征探讨
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摘要
开发导致的时移地震差异代表了油藏的岩石物理性质变化,本文从差异波形角度出发,明确了声波阻抗界面的反射系数与油层声波阻抗变化之间的函数关系,进而分析薄油层时移地震差异波形特征.通过分析得出,开发前后油层阻抗变化越大,时移地震的差异振幅幅度越大;薄油层的差异波形特征仅与油层的声波阻抗变化有关,油层声波阻抗增大导致与地震子波微分形式相同的差异波形,油层声波阻抗减小产生的差异波形与180°相位的地震子波微分形式相同;油层声波阻抗变化方向导致差异波形振幅幅度变化的快慢.
Time-lapse seismic differences reflect rock physical property change of oil reservoirs caused by oil field exploitation.In this papas the function is deduced between reflection coefficient change of acoustic impedance interface and oil layer impedance change,and diiferential waveform features of thin oil layer is analyzed.The larger change of oil field acoustic impedance is,the bigger difference amplitude is.The waveform features of thin oil layers are related only with oil layer acoustic impedance change.If only oil layer acoustic impedance increases,the waveform of the thin oil layer is the same as differential of seismic wavelet.The waveform is the same as 180°differential of seismic wavelet so long as oil layer acoustic impedance decreases.And the extent of difference amplitude caused by impedance decrease is more than equivalent impedance increase.
Time-lapse seismic differences reflect rock physical property change of oil reservoirs caused by oil field exploitation.In this papas the function is deduced between reflection coefficient change of acoustic impedance interface and oil layer impedance change,and diiferential waveform features of thin oil layer is analyzed.The larger change of oil field acoustic impedance is,the bigger difference amplitude is.The waveform features of thin oil layers are related only with oil layer acoustic impedance change.If only oil layer acoustic impedance increases,the waveform of the thin oil layer is the same as differential of seismic wavelet.The waveform is the same as 180°differential of seismic wavelet so long as oil layer acoustic impedance decreases.And the extent of difference amplitude caused by impedance decrease is more than equivalent impedance increase.
引文
[1]Wang Z.Feasibility of time-lapse seismic reservoirmonitoring:The physical basis[J].The Leading Edge,1997,16(9):1327~1329.
[2]刘国萍,陈小宏,李景叶.弹性波阻抗在时移地震中的应用分析[J].地球物理学进展,2006,21(2):559~563.Liu G P,Chen X H,Li J Y.Application and analysis of elasticimpedance in time-lapse seismolgy[J].Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),2006,21(2):559~563.
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[8]Anderson R N,Boulanger A,He W,et al.Gulf of mexicoreservoir management part-1:4D seismic helps track drainage,pressure compartmentalization[J].Oil Gas Journal,1995,93(13):55~58.
[9]Anderson R N,Boulanger A,He W,et al.Gulf of mexicoreservoir management:part-2:method described for using 4Dseismic to track reservoir fluid movement[J].Oil Gas Journal,1995,93(14):70~74.
[10]Anderson R N,Boulanger A,He W,et al.4D seismic:thefourth dimension in reservoir management,part-1:what is4D and how dose it improve recovery efficiency?[J]WorldOil,1997,218(3):43~48.
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[12]Johnston D H,Shyeh J J,Eastwood J E,et al.Interpretationand modeling of legacy time-lapse seismic data[J].Journal ofPetroleum Technology,2000,52(7):32~33.
[13]Olden P,Corbett P,Westerman R,et al.Modelingcombined fluid and stress change effects in the seismicresponse of a producing hydrocarbon reservoir[J].TheLeading Edge,2001,20(10):1154~1163.
[14]Lumley D E.Time-lapse seismic reservoir monitoring[J].Geophysics,2001,66(1):50~53.
[15]Isaac J H,Lawton D C.A case history of time-lapse 3Dseismic surveys at Cold Lake,Alberta,Canada[J].Geophysics,2006,71(4):B93~B99.
[16]Ng H T,Bentley L R,Krebes E S.Monitoring fluid injectionin a carbonate pool using time-lapse analysis:Rainbow Lakecase study[J].The Leading Edge,2005,24(5):530~534.
[17]Tura A,Etuk U,Udo S.Using time-lapse seismic for fielddevelopment at Nembe Creek,Nigeria[J].The LeadingEdge,2006,25(9):1142~1149.
[18]Chen X H,Li J Y,Jin L.Time-lapse seismic reservoirmonitoring technology in China[J].The Leading Edge,2006,25(11):1404~1409.
[19]陈小宏.四维地震数据的归一化方法及处理实例[J].石油学报,1999,20(6):22~26.Chen X H.Normalization for four-dimensional seismic dataand its application to real data[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,1999,20(6):22~26.
[20]Ricker N.The form and nature of seismic waves and thestructure of seismograms[J].Geophysics,1940,5(4):348~366.
[21]Ricker N.Wavelet contraction,wavelet expansion,and thecontrol of seismic resolution[J].Geophysics,1953,18(4):769~792.
[22]刘震.储层地震地层学[M].北京:地质出版社,1997:159~191.Liu Z.Reservoir seismic stratigraphy[M].Beijing:Geological Publishing House,1997:159~191(in Chinese).
[23]Batzle M,Wang Z.Seismic properties of pore fluids[J].Geophysics,1992,57(11):1396~1408.
[24]Wang Z.Fundamentals of seismic rock physics[J].Geophysics,2001,66(2):398~412.
[25]Han D,Batzle M.Gassmann′s equation and fluid-saturationeffects on seismic velocities[J].Geophysics,2004,69(2):398~405.
[2]刘国萍,陈小宏,李景叶.弹性波阻抗在时移地震中的应用分析[J].地球物理学进展,2006,21(2):559~563.Liu G P,Chen X H,Li J Y.Application and analysis of elasticimpedance in time-lapse seismolgy[J].Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),2006,21(2):559~563.
[3]陈小宏,赵伟,马继涛.时移地震非线性反演压力与饱和度变化研究[J].地球物理学进展,2006,21(3):830~836.Chen X H,Zhao W,Ma J T.Pressure and saturation changenonlinear inversion method using time-lapse seismic data[J].Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),2006,21(3):830~836.
[4]李景叶,陈小宏,郝振江,等.多波时移地震AVO反演研究[J].地球物理学报,2005,48(4):902~908.Li J Y,Chen X H,Hao Z J,et al.A study on multiple time-lapse seismic AVO inversion[J].Chinese J.Geophys.(inChinese),2005,48(4):902~908.
[5]石玉梅,姚逢昌,谢桂生,等.时移地震监测水驱前沿的方法和应用研究[J].地球物理学报,2006,49(4):1198~1205.Shi Y M,Yao F C,Xie G S,et al.A study of the method fortime-lapse seismic monitoring of water-flooding front and itsapplication[J].Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2006,49(4):1198~1205.
[6]云美厚,丁伟,杨长春.油藏水驱开采时移地震监测岩石物理基础测量[J].地球物理学报,2006,49(6):1813~1818.Yun M H,Ding W,Yang C C.Petrophysical measurementsfor time-lapse seismic monitoring of reservoir water-floodingrecovery[J].Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2006,49(6):1813~1818.
[7]王大伟,刘震,赵伟,等.利用时移地震资料划分油藏流体流动单元的可行性分析[J].地球物理学报,2007,50(2):592~597.Wang D W,Liu Z,Zhao W,et al.Feasibility analysis ondivision of flow units using time-lapse seismic data[J].ChineseJ.Geophys.(in Chinese),2007,50(2):592~597.
[8]Anderson R N,Boulanger A,He W,et al.Gulf of mexicoreservoir management part-1:4D seismic helps track drainage,pressure compartmentalization[J].Oil Gas Journal,1995,93(13):55~58.
[9]Anderson R N,Boulanger A,He W,et al.Gulf of mexicoreservoir management:part-2:method described for using 4Dseismic to track reservoir fluid movement[J].Oil Gas Journal,1995,93(14):70~74.
[10]Anderson R N,Boulanger A,He W,et al.4D seismic:thefourth dimension in reservoir management,part-1:what is4D and how dose it improve recovery efficiency?[J]WorldOil,1997,218(3):43~48.
[11]Anderson R N,Boulanger A,He W,et al.4D seismic:thefourth dimension in reservoir management,part-2:why 4Dnow?The information technology revolution has changed theway we do business[J].World Oil,1997,218(4):69~76.
[12]Johnston D H,Shyeh J J,Eastwood J E,et al.Interpretationand modeling of legacy time-lapse seismic data[J].Journal ofPetroleum Technology,2000,52(7):32~33.
[13]Olden P,Corbett P,Westerman R,et al.Modelingcombined fluid and stress change effects in the seismicresponse of a producing hydrocarbon reservoir[J].TheLeading Edge,2001,20(10):1154~1163.
[14]Lumley D E.Time-lapse seismic reservoir monitoring[J].Geophysics,2001,66(1):50~53.
[15]Isaac J H,Lawton D C.A case history of time-lapse 3Dseismic surveys at Cold Lake,Alberta,Canada[J].Geophysics,2006,71(4):B93~B99.
[16]Ng H T,Bentley L R,Krebes E S.Monitoring fluid injectionin a carbonate pool using time-lapse analysis:Rainbow Lakecase study[J].The Leading Edge,2005,24(5):530~534.
[17]Tura A,Etuk U,Udo S.Using time-lapse seismic for fielddevelopment at Nembe Creek,Nigeria[J].The LeadingEdge,2006,25(9):1142~1149.
[18]Chen X H,Li J Y,Jin L.Time-lapse seismic reservoirmonitoring technology in China[J].The Leading Edge,2006,25(11):1404~1409.
[19]陈小宏.四维地震数据的归一化方法及处理实例[J].石油学报,1999,20(6):22~26.Chen X H.Normalization for four-dimensional seismic dataand its application to real data[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,1999,20(6):22~26.
[20]Ricker N.The form and nature of seismic waves and thestructure of seismograms[J].Geophysics,1940,5(4):348~366.
[21]Ricker N.Wavelet contraction,wavelet expansion,and thecontrol of seismic resolution[J].Geophysics,1953,18(4):769~792.
[22]刘震.储层地震地层学[M].北京:地质出版社,1997:159~191.Liu Z.Reservoir seismic stratigraphy[M].Beijing:Geological Publishing House,1997:159~191(in Chinese).
[23]Batzle M,Wang Z.Seismic properties of pore fluids[J].Geophysics,1992,57(11):1396~1408.
[24]Wang Z.Fundamentals of seismic rock physics[J].Geophysics,2001,66(2):398~412.
[25]Han D,Batzle M.Gassmann′s equation and fluid-saturationeffects on seismic velocities[J].Geophysics,2004,69(2):398~405.
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