1902年新疆阿图什8(1/4)级地震形变特征与发震模式初探
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摘要
在收集、分析前人资料及野外考察的基础上 ,重点研究了 190 2年阿图什 8 级地震形变特征与区域地震构造环境的关系 ,并结合震中区的地球物理探测成果 ,对该地震的发震模式进行了探讨。认为 ,阿图什大震的发生是塔里木与南天山两大块体相向对冲挤压的结果。较大的震源深度 ,使得震中区变形以较大规模和范围的崩塌、滑坡、地裂缝等重力地质现象为主 ,浅部薄皮活动构造亦发生了同震破裂及褶皱变形
The Tuotegongbaizi-Aerpaleike fault is located in the epicentral area of the 1902 Artux,Xinjiang earthquake of M S 81/4. It is a gently dipping reverse fault, merging downward into the decollement of South Tianshan Foreland Thrust belt at about 3km depth below the Earth surface. To the north of the epicentral area, lies the Muziduke thin-skinned arcuate nappe of the South Tianshan Foreland Thrust belt, while to the south lies the Mushi-Kashi-Artux arcuate recoil fold-thrust belt of northwest Tarim. The epicentral area is just located at the triangle zone of frontal structure of the juncture between these two major tectonic units. In the epicentral area a deep fault exists under the decollement of the thin-skinned nappe, extending downward to the Moho. It is located at the sharp gradient zone of the crust-mantle boundary between the South Tianshan and the Tarim basin. The projection of epicenter falls at a zone of abrupt change of crustal thickness. It seems that this great earthquake was the result of rapid faulting at the gradient zone of the crust-mantle boundary due to the action of N-S trending regional tectonic stress field. Because the focal depth is great, no earthquake faulting is observed on the surface. The deformation of the magistoseismic area is characterized mainly by physicogeologic phenomena such as collapse, landslides, and ground-fissures, accompanied by coseismic ruptures and folding of the active thin-skinned structures above the decollement.
The Tuotegongbaizi-Aerpaleike fault is located in the epicentral area of the 1902 Artux,Xinjiang earthquake of M S 81/4. It is a gently dipping reverse fault, merging downward into the decollement of South Tianshan Foreland Thrust belt at about 3km depth below the Earth surface. To the north of the epicentral area, lies the Muziduke thin-skinned arcuate nappe of the South Tianshan Foreland Thrust belt, while to the south lies the Mushi-Kashi-Artux arcuate recoil fold-thrust belt of northwest Tarim. The epicentral area is just located at the triangle zone of frontal structure of the juncture between these two major tectonic units. In the epicentral area a deep fault exists under the decollement of the thin-skinned nappe, extending downward to the Moho. It is located at the sharp gradient zone of the crust-mantle boundary between the South Tianshan and the Tarim basin. The projection of epicenter falls at a zone of abrupt change of crustal thickness. It seems that this great earthquake was the result of rapid faulting at the gradient zone of the crust-mantle boundary due to the action of N-S trending regional tectonic stress field. Because the focal depth is great, no earthquake faulting is observed on the surface. The deformation of the magistoseismic area is characterized mainly by physicogeologic phenomena such as collapse, landslides, and ground-fissures, accompanied by coseismic ruptures and folding of the active thin-skinned structures above the decollement.
引文
柏美祥.1987.阿图什地区地震地质特征.内陆地震,1(2):135～145.
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曲国胜,陈杰,陈新发,等.1998.伽师中强震群成因及其未来地震趋势初探.见:中国地震局地质研究所编.地震危险性预测研究(1999年).北京:地震出版社.158～168.
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沈军,赵瑞斌,李军,等.2001.塔里木盆地西北缘河流阶地变形测量与地壳缩短速率.科学通报,46(4):334～338.
ShenJun,ZhaoRuibin,LiJun,etal.2001.SurveyingofthedeformedterracesandcrustshorteningrateinthenorthwesternTarimBasin.ChineseScienceBulletin.46(12):1043～1046.
张培震,邓起东,徐锡伟,等.1994.盲断裂、褶皱地震与新疆1906年玛纳斯地震.地震地质,16(3):193～204.
ZhangPeizhen,DengQidong,XuXiwei,etal.1994.Blindthrust,foldingearthquake,andthe1906Manasearth quake,Xinjiang.SeismologyandGeology,16(3):193～204(inChinese).
赵瑞斌,李军,沈军.2000.喀什坳陷北缘活动断裂与古地震初步研究.地震学报,22(3):327～331.
ZhaoRuibin,LiJun,ShenJun.2000.ThepreliminarystudyonactivefaultsandpaleoearthquakesinthenorthfringeofKashidepression.ActaSeismologicaSinica,22(3):327～331(inChinese).
BaiMeixiang.1987.SeismogeologicalcharacteristicsoftheArtuxarea.InlandEarthquake,1(2):135～145(inChinese).
柏美祥,戈澍漠.1988.1902年新疆阿图什8级地震.见:郭增建,马宗晋主编.中国特大地震研究(一).北京:地震出版社.143～170.
BaiMeixiang,GeShumo.1988.The1902ArtuxearthquakeofMS8 inXinjiangUygurAutonomousRegion.In:GuoZengjian,MaZongjin,eds.TheResearchonExtraordinarilyBigEarthquakesinChina(1).Beijing:Seis mologicalPress.143～170(inChinese).
冯先岳.1987.喀什河断裂带古地震研究.地震地质,9(2):74～77.
FengXianyue.1987.PaleoseismologicalstudyforKaxHeFaultzone.Xinjiang.SeismologyandGeology,9(2):74～77(inChinese).
冯先岳.1988.1906年新疆玛纳斯8级地震.见:郭增建,马宗晋主编.中国特大地震研究(一).北京:地震出版社.171～186.
FengXianyue.1988.The1906ManasearthquakeofMS8,XinjiangUygurAutonomousRegion.In:GuoZengjian,MaZongjin,eds.TheResearchonExtraordinarilyBigEarthquakesinChina(1).Beijing:SeismologicalPress.171～186(inChinese)
刘启元,陈九辉,李顺成,等.2000.新疆伽师强震群区三维地壳上地幔S波速度结构及其地震成因的探讨.地球物理学报,43(3):356～365.
LiuQiyuan,ChenJiuhui,LiShuncheng,etal.2000.PassiveseismicexperimentinXinjiang-Jiashistrongearth quakeregionanddiscussiononitsseismicgenesis.ChineseJournalofGeophysics,43(3):356～365(inChi nese).
刘学锋,陈毓遂,肖安成,等,1995.塔西南坳陷北缘新生代构造变形特征.石油与天然气地质,16(3):234～239.
LiuXuefeng,ChenYusui,XiaoAncheng,etal.1995.CharacteristicsofCenozoicstructuraldeformationinthenorthmarginoftheSouthwestTarimdepression.Oil&GasGeology,16(3):234～239(inChinese).
栾超群,柏美祥,向志勇.1998.新疆阿图什市近场区地震构造评价.新疆地质,16(1):76～88.
LuanChaoqun,BaiMeixiang,XiangZhiyong.1998.TheevaluationofseismotectonicsinArtuxcity,Xinjianganditsadjacentarea.XinjiangGeology,16(1):76～88(inChinese).
曲国胜,陈杰,陈新发,等.1998.伽师中强震群成因及其未来地震趋势初探.见:中国地震局地质研究所编.地震危险性预测研究(1999年).北京:地震出版社.158～168.
QuGuosheng,ChenJie,ChenXinfa,etal.1998.Preliminaryresearchonmoderate-strongearthquakeswarminJiashiandearthquakedevelopingtrendinfuture.In:InstituteofGeology,SSB .,ed.ResearchonthePredic tionofEarthquakeRisk(1999).Beijing:SeismologicalPress.158～168(inChinese).
沈军,赵瑞斌,李军,等.2001.塔里木盆地西北缘河流阶地变形测量与地壳缩短速率.科学通报,46(4):334～338.
ShenJun,ZhaoRuibin,LiJun,etal.2001.SurveyingofthedeformedterracesandcrustshorteningrateinthenorthwesternTarimBasin.ChineseScienceBulletin.46(12):1043～1046.
张培震,邓起东,徐锡伟,等.1994.盲断裂、褶皱地震与新疆1906年玛纳斯地震.地震地质,16(3):193～204.
ZhangPeizhen,DengQidong,XuXiwei,etal.1994.Blindthrust,foldingearthquake,andthe1906Manasearth quake,Xinjiang.SeismologyandGeology,16(3):193～204(inChinese).
赵瑞斌,李军,沈军.2000.喀什坳陷北缘活动断裂与古地震初步研究.地震学报,22(3):327～331.
ZhaoRuibin,LiJun,ShenJun.2000.ThepreliminarystudyonactivefaultsandpaleoearthquakesinthenorthfringeofKashidepression.ActaSeismologicaSinica,22(3):327～331(inChinese).
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