匹配滤波与子波整形
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摘要
在地表条件复杂的地区,采用不同震源和仪器联合进行地震数据采集,激发震源、检波器以及表层岩性的不同造成较大的子波差异,从而使采集到的地震反射资料的振幅(能量)、频率和相位等特征差别较大。鉴于子波整形处理技术存在缺陷,本文采用匹配滤波技术代替子波整形来消除反射时差、整形地震子波。实现过程为:通过反褶积方法求取同一位置的两个记录A和B的匹配滤波算子;再把匹配滤波算子作用于A(或B),使A (或B)经匹配滤波后逼近B(或A)。笔者利用根据匹配滤波原理开发出的交互匹配滤波软件包对滩浅海地区三维地震资料进行了处理。处理后资料的地震子波得到整形,消除了炮点、检波点的差异及同相轴间的时差, 实现了地震资料的同相叠加,使剖面信噪比提高,在不同震源所采集数据的衔接处地震记录的振幅、频率和相位都能得到较好的匹配,深浅层的地震反射叠加剖面都能较好地拼接,取得了较好的效果。
In the area of complex surface conditions and using different sources and seismographs for joint acquisition of seismic data, the wavelets have significantly different because of different shooting sources, receivers and lithology on the surface, which caused the amplitudes (energy), frequencies and phases of acquired seismic reflection data to have large difference. In view of shortcoming of wavelet shaping processing technique, the paper u-ses the matched filtering technique to replace wavelet shaping in order to eliminate reflection moveout and shape seismic wavelet. The process of implementation as follows: the matched filtering operators on two records A and B at same position are computed by deconvolution; then, we take matched filtering operators to act on A (or B) and make A (or B) approach B (or A) after matched filtering. The author uses developed interactive matched filtering software package based on the principle of matched filtering to process the 3-D seismic data in the area of shallow sea. The seismic wavelets are shaped after data processing, removing the differences among the shot-points and receiver-points and moveout between the events, realizing in-phase stack of seismic data that improves the S/N ratio on the section. The amplitudes, frequencies and phases on the joint places of seismic data acquired by different sources can be better matched, the seismic stack section at deep and shallow positions can be better put together, a-chieving good results.
In the area of complex surface conditions and using different sources and seismographs for joint acquisition of seismic data, the wavelets have significantly different because of different shooting sources, receivers and lithology on the surface, which caused the amplitudes (energy), frequencies and phases of acquired seismic reflection data to have large difference. In view of shortcoming of wavelet shaping processing technique, the paper u-ses the matched filtering technique to replace wavelet shaping in order to eliminate reflection moveout and shape seismic wavelet. The process of implementation as follows: the matched filtering operators on two records A and B at same position are computed by deconvolution; then, we take matched filtering operators to act on A (or B) and make A (or B) approach B (or A) after matched filtering. The author uses developed interactive matched filtering software package based on the principle of matched filtering to process the 3-D seismic data in the area of shallow sea. The seismic wavelets are shaped after data processing, removing the differences among the shot-points and receiver-points and moveout between the events, realizing in-phase stack of seismic data that improves the S/N ratio on the section. The amplitudes, frequencies and phases on the joint places of seismic data acquired by different sources can be better matched, the seismic stack section at deep and shallow positions can be better put together, a-chieving good results.
引文
[1]李庆忠．走向精确勘探的道路．北京:石油工业出版社, 1994
[2]张永刚等．两步法统计子波反褶积．物探科技通报, 1988,(6)
[3]熊翥．一种子波估算与反褶积的方法．石油地球物理勘 探,1992,27(2):235～246
[4]苏贵士等．改进的统计子波反褶积．石油地球物理勘探, 1997,32(3):399～403
[5]凌云等．可控震源自适应地表一致性反褶积．石油地球 物理勘探,1994,29(3):306～315,356
[6]周兴元．常相位校正．石油地球物理勘探,1989,24(2): 119～129
[7]陈乾生．信号数字处理的数学原理．北京:石油工业出 版社
[8]牟永光．地震勘探资料数字处理方法．北京:石油工业 出版社,1981
[2]张永刚等．两步法统计子波反褶积．物探科技通报, 1988,(6)
[3]熊翥．一种子波估算与反褶积的方法．石油地球物理勘 探,1992,27(2):235～246
[4]苏贵士等．改进的统计子波反褶积．石油地球物理勘探, 1997,32(3):399～403
[5]凌云等．可控震源自适应地表一致性反褶积．石油地球 物理勘探,1994,29(3):306～315,356
[6]周兴元．常相位校正．石油地球物理勘探,1989,24(2): 119～129
[7]陈乾生．信号数字处理的数学原理．北京:石油工业出 版社
[8]牟永光．地震勘探资料数字处理方法．北京:石油工业 出版社,1981
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