电磁波层析成像在钻孔灌注桩质量检测中的应用
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摘要
桩基质量检测,特别是桩体完整性及损伤程度的评估,一直是岩土工程界十分重要的问题,目前常规物探方法难以取得良好的成像效果。采用电磁波层析成像技术(EWCT)进行钻孔灌注桩质量检测是一个新的手段。该方法是通过分析桩体缺陷的二维图像分布,实现桩基质量检测。本文设计并测试了适合桩基质量检测应用的电磁波层析成像的观测系统、数据采集技术以及资料处理方法等问题,并结合一个成功的工程实例说明该方法的应用效果。在该工程中,作者将CT反演结果加以钻孔资料验证。分析结果表明,电磁波层析成像技术(EWCT)具有较高的精度和可信度。当桩体存在多层各类缺陷时,该方法能有效、精确的反演出井间桩体的不均匀分布,成像层次清晰,异常分布明显直观,结合相关工程资料,可对桩体混凝土的内部结构与质量作出准确的评价。
Quality inspection of pile foundations, is very important in the field of geotectonic engineering, especially engineering evaluation of integrality and damage degree. Electromagnetic wave computerized tomography (EWCT) is a new geophysics method for quality inspection of pile foundations. The main technological objective of EWCT is to acquire 2D images of defect distribution in the pile foundation and to evaluate the quality of pile foundation. This paper designs and tests the observation system and technique of data collections in EWCT as well as data processing of EWCT to the quality inspection of pile foundations. With a practical engineering example of successful application, the paper illustrates the effectiveness of this method. In the engineering demonstration, through the field tests data, the author acquire the CT images derived from the data inversion, then combined the result of CT technology and the result of drilling survey data. The comparative result shows that EWCT has the advantages of higher precision and credibility. When the pile foundations have inhomogeneous defects of layers, this method can efficiently and accurately make precise image of the defects distribution between wells. Electromagnetic tomography levels is clear, defects distribution is obvious and intuitive. Combining with other engineering geologic data, the interior structure and quality of concrete can be evaluated accurately through qualitative analysis and quantitative analysis.
Quality inspection of pile foundations, is very important in the field of geotectonic engineering, especially engineering evaluation of integrality and damage degree. Electromagnetic wave computerized tomography (EWCT) is a new geophysics method for quality inspection of pile foundations. The main technological objective of EWCT is to acquire 2D images of defect distribution in the pile foundation and to evaluate the quality of pile foundation. This paper designs and tests the observation system and technique of data collections in EWCT as well as data processing of EWCT to the quality inspection of pile foundations. With a practical engineering example of successful application, the paper illustrates the effectiveness of this method. In the engineering demonstration, through the field tests data, the author acquire the CT images derived from the data inversion, then combined the result of CT technology and the result of drilling survey data. The comparative result shows that EWCT has the advantages of higher precision and credibility. When the pile foundations have inhomogeneous defects of layers, this method can efficiently and accurately make precise image of the defects distribution between wells. Electromagnetic tomography levels is clear, defects distribution is obvious and intuitive. Combining with other engineering geologic data, the interior structure and quality of concrete can be evaluated accurately through qualitative analysis and quantitative analysis.
引文
常旭,卢孟夏,刘伊克.1999． 地震层析成像反演中3种广义解的误差分析与评价.地球物理学报,42(5) :695-701．
程久龙.2000． 岩体破坏弹性波CT动态探测试验研究.岩土工程学报,22(5) :565-568．
杜剑渊,杨文采.1991． 跨孔地震层析成像的级联方法.地球物理学报,34(6) :771-780．
冯锐,程家庚,郭强绪,等.1992． 电磁波井间层析技术在城建工程中的应用.地球物理学报,35(增刊):348-357．
冯锐,马奎祥,郭鸿,等.1997． 电磁波层析成像-图像的一致性及地下水探测.地震学报,19(5) :524-534．
冯锐,林宣明,陶裕录,等.1996． 煤层开采覆岩破坏的层析成像研究,地球物理学报,39(1) :114-124．
郭贵安.2001． 跨孔电磁层析技术对桥墩溶岩洞的探测.CT理论与应用研究,10(1) :44-51．
刘立振,何建文.1995． 电磁波层析成像100例的统计分析.CT理论与应用研究,4(1) :15-19．
全亚荣,陈周平.2000． 层析技术在岩溶地区岩土工程勘察中的应用.中山大学学报:自然科学版,39(2) :114-118．
杨文采,杜剑渊.1994． 层析成像新算法及其在工程检测上的应用.地球物理学报,37(2) :239-244．
杨文采.1993． 地震层析成像在工程勘测中的应用.物探与化探,17(3) :182-192．
张朋,张兆田.2001． 几种CT图像重建算法的研究和比较.CT理论与应用研究,10(4) :4-9．
Cheng Jiulong. 2000． The dynamic detection of rock mass failure by elastic wave computerized tomography. Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, 22(5) : 565-568 (in Chinese with English abstract).
Chang Xu, Lu Mengxia and Liu Yike. 1999． Error analysis and appraisals for three general solutions in seismic tomography. Acta Geophysica Sinica, 42(5) : 695-701(in Chinese with English abstract).
Du Jianyuan and Yang Wencai. 1991． Cascade approach for cross-hole seismic tomography. Acta Geophysica Sinica, 34 (6) : 771-780 (in Chinese with English abstract).
Feng Rui, Cheng Jiageng, Guo Qiangxu, et al. 1992． Application of geotomography to civil engineering in urban. Acta Geophysi-ca Sinica, 35(supplement): 348-357 (in Chinese with English abstract).
Feng Rui, Ma Kuixiang, Guo Hong, et al. 1997． Electromagnetic tomography-image coincidence and groundwater exploration. Acta Seiemologica Sinica, 19(5) : 524-534 (in Chinese with English abstract).
Feng Rui, Lin Xuanming, Tao Yulu, et al. 1996． Geotomographic research on cap rock destruction caused by mining coal seam. Acta Geophysica Sinica, 39(1) : 114-124 (in Chinese with English abstract).
Guo Guian. 2001． The cross well electromagnetic tomography technique in exploration of corrode cavity on pile pier foundation. CT Theory and Applications, 10(1) : 44-51 (in Chinese with English abstract).
Liu Lizhen and He Jianwen. 1995． Statistics and analyses for 100 examples in EM tomography. CT Theory and Applications, 4 (1) : 15-19 (in Chinese with English abstract).
Quan Yarong and Cheng Zhouping. 2000． Application of computerizes tomography to engineering reconnaissance of rock and soil in karst region. Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Sunyatseni, 39(2) : 114-118 (in Chinese).
Yang Wencai. 1993． The application of seismic tomographyic imagery to engineering survey. Geophysical & Geochemical Explo-ration. 17(3) : 182-192 (in Chinese with English abstract).
Yang Wencai and Du Jianyuan. 1994． A new algorithm of seismic tomography with application to engineering detections. Acta Geophysica Sinica, 37(2) : 239-244 (in Chinese with English abstract).
Zhang Peng and Zhang Zhaotian. 2001． Research and comparison on several CT reconstruction algorithms. CT Theory and Appli-cations, 10(4) : 4-9．
程久龙.2000． 岩体破坏弹性波CT动态探测试验研究.岩土工程学报,22(5) :565-568．
杜剑渊,杨文采.1991． 跨孔地震层析成像的级联方法.地球物理学报,34(6) :771-780．
冯锐,程家庚,郭强绪,等.1992． 电磁波井间层析技术在城建工程中的应用.地球物理学报,35(增刊):348-357．
冯锐,马奎祥,郭鸿,等.1997． 电磁波层析成像-图像的一致性及地下水探测.地震学报,19(5) :524-534．
冯锐,林宣明,陶裕录,等.1996． 煤层开采覆岩破坏的层析成像研究,地球物理学报,39(1) :114-124．
郭贵安.2001． 跨孔电磁层析技术对桥墩溶岩洞的探测.CT理论与应用研究,10(1) :44-51．
刘立振,何建文.1995． 电磁波层析成像100例的统计分析.CT理论与应用研究,4(1) :15-19．
全亚荣,陈周平.2000． 层析技术在岩溶地区岩土工程勘察中的应用.中山大学学报:自然科学版,39(2) :114-118．
杨文采,杜剑渊.1994． 层析成像新算法及其在工程检测上的应用.地球物理学报,37(2) :239-244．
杨文采.1993． 地震层析成像在工程勘测中的应用.物探与化探,17(3) :182-192．
张朋,张兆田.2001． 几种CT图像重建算法的研究和比较.CT理论与应用研究,10(4) :4-9．
Cheng Jiulong. 2000． The dynamic detection of rock mass failure by elastic wave computerized tomography. Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, 22(5) : 565-568 (in Chinese with English abstract).
Chang Xu, Lu Mengxia and Liu Yike. 1999． Error analysis and appraisals for three general solutions in seismic tomography. Acta Geophysica Sinica, 42(5) : 695-701(in Chinese with English abstract).
Du Jianyuan and Yang Wencai. 1991． Cascade approach for cross-hole seismic tomography. Acta Geophysica Sinica, 34 (6) : 771-780 (in Chinese with English abstract).
Feng Rui, Cheng Jiageng, Guo Qiangxu, et al. 1992． Application of geotomography to civil engineering in urban. Acta Geophysi-ca Sinica, 35(supplement): 348-357 (in Chinese with English abstract).
Feng Rui, Ma Kuixiang, Guo Hong, et al. 1997． Electromagnetic tomography-image coincidence and groundwater exploration. Acta Seiemologica Sinica, 19(5) : 524-534 (in Chinese with English abstract).
Feng Rui, Lin Xuanming, Tao Yulu, et al. 1996． Geotomographic research on cap rock destruction caused by mining coal seam. Acta Geophysica Sinica, 39(1) : 114-124 (in Chinese with English abstract).
Guo Guian. 2001． The cross well electromagnetic tomography technique in exploration of corrode cavity on pile pier foundation. CT Theory and Applications, 10(1) : 44-51 (in Chinese with English abstract).
Liu Lizhen and He Jianwen. 1995． Statistics and analyses for 100 examples in EM tomography. CT Theory and Applications, 4 (1) : 15-19 (in Chinese with English abstract).
Quan Yarong and Cheng Zhouping. 2000． Application of computerizes tomography to engineering reconnaissance of rock and soil in karst region. Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Sunyatseni, 39(2) : 114-118 (in Chinese).
Yang Wencai. 1993． The application of seismic tomographyic imagery to engineering survey. Geophysical & Geochemical Explo-ration. 17(3) : 182-192 (in Chinese with English abstract).
Yang Wencai and Du Jianyuan. 1994． A new algorithm of seismic tomography with application to engineering detections. Acta Geophysica Sinica, 37(2) : 239-244 (in Chinese with English abstract).
Zhang Peng and Zhang Zhaotian. 2001． Research and comparison on several CT reconstruction algorithms. CT Theory and Appli-cations, 10(4) : 4-9．
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