近地表层地震层析成像
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摘要
在石油地震勘探中，由于近地表层速度和厚度的变化，使常规叠加剖面的同相轴受到破坏，常导致假构造现象。为此，本文提出一种近地表层地震层析成像法。该法利用地震勘探中单炮记录的初至波，求取连续变化的近地表层速度分布结构。计算中采用打靶法的两点射线追踪完成地面炮点与接收点间回折波的射线追踪，以形成迭代反演时用的线性方程组和相应的雅可比矩阵。然后，用收敛速度较快的最小二乘共轭梯度法（LSCG）求线性方程组的解。对理论模型的计算结果表明，该方法是可行的，是消除近地表层异常对地震资料影响的有效手段。
Variations in velocity and thickness of near surface formation distort the seismicevents of common stack section,resulting in false structures in oil exploration jthere fore,the seismic tomography for near surface formation is introduced to cope withthis problem. Continuous velocity variation in the near surface formation is known byusing first break of single-shot seismic records. The linear equations and the corre sponding Jacobi matrix which will be applied to iterative inversion are formed byrnaking the ray tracing of echo waves from the s0urce to receiver with the use of 'tar get method'. Then the linear equations are solved by using least-squared conjugategradient method that causes fast convergence. Theoretical computation shows thatthis feasible technique is an effectual means for removing the influence of near sur face abnorrnality on seismic data.
Variations in velocity and thickness of near surface formation distort the seismicevents of common stack section,resulting in false structures in oil exploration jthere fore,the seismic tomography for near surface formation is introduced to cope withthis problem. Continuous velocity variation in the near surface formation is known byusing first break of single-shot seismic records. The linear equations and the corre sponding Jacobi matrix which will be applied to iterative inversion are formed byrnaking the ray tracing of echo waves from the s0urce to receiver with the use of 'tar get method'. Then the linear equations are solved by using least-squared conjugategradient method that causes fast convergence. Theoretical computation shows thatthis feasible technique is an effectual means for removing the influence of near sur face abnorrnality on seismic data.
引文
1 Docherty P.Solving for the thickness and velocity of the weathering layer using 2-Drefraction tomograPhy.Geophyrics,1992,57(10):1307～1318
2 Bishop T N et al. Tomographic determination of velocity and depth in laterally varying media. Geophysics,1985,50(6):903～923
3 Bregman V D et al.射线追踪法并间层析成像.第 56届 SEG年会论文集,石油工业出版社,1987
4 Bregman V D et al.crosshole seismic tomography.Geophysics,1989,54(2):200～215
5 Bois P et al.well-to-well seismic measurements.Geophysics,1972,37(3):471～480
6 Chapman C H and Drummand R. Body-wave seismograms in inhomogeneous media using Maslov asymptolic theory.Bwll Seis Soc Am,1982,72:277～317
7 Chon Y T and Dillon T J. Tomographic imaging of the weathered layer.第 56届 SEG年会论文集,石油工业出版社,1987
8 White D J.Two-dimensional seismic refraction tomography。Geophys8ical J,1989,97:223～245
9 White D J and Boland A V. A comparison of forward modeling and inversion of seismis first arrivals overthe KAPVSKASING UPLIFT.Bull Seis Soc Am,1992,82:304~322
10 Fawctt A T:Clyton RW.Tomogrophic reconstruction of velocity anomalies .Bull Seis Soc Am :1984:74:2201～2219
11 Hampson D et al.First-break interpretation using generalization linear inversion.第 54届 SEG年会论文集,石油工业出版社,1985:224～226
12 Humphreys Eetal.Atomographlc image of mantle structurebeneath southernia .Geophys ResLett,1984,11:625~627
13 Ivansson S.Astudy of methods for tomographic velocity estimation in the presence of low-velocityzones,Geophysics,1985,50(6):969～988
14 Kanasewich E R and Chin S K.Least-squares inversion of spatial seismic refraction data.Bull seis SocAm,1985,75:865~880
15 Menke W.The tesolving power of Cross-bofehole tomography.Geohys Res hett,1984,11:105～108
16 Brzostowski M Aand McMechan G A. 3-Dtomographic imaging of near-surface seismic velocltyand attenuation.Geophysics,1992,57(3):396～403
17 McMecham G A. Seismic tomography in boreholes. Geophys J R Astr Soc, 1983, 74: 601～612
18 Palvis G L. Geotomogrophy using refraction fan shots.J Gephys Res, 1986, 91: 6 522～ 6 534
19 Peterson J E et al.Applications of algebraic reconstruction techniques to cross-hole seismic data.Geophysics,1985,50(10):1566～1580
20 Scales J A.Tomogrsphic inversion via the Conjugate gradient method.Geophysics,1987,52(2):179～185
21 Stork C and Clayton R W.Analysis of the resolution between ambiguous velocity and reflector positionfor travel-time tomography.第 56届 SEG年会论文集,石油工业出版社,1987:326～332
22 Wong J et al.Crosshole seismology and seismic imaging in crystalline rocks.Geophys Res Lett,1983,10:686～689
23周兵,朱介寿.射线展析技术中的算法探讨.石油物探,1992,31(2):16～22
24李幼铭等编译.地震层析成像及应用,学术书刊出版社,1989
25尹峰.并间地震层析成像法研究与应用,东南大学博士论文,1989
2 Bishop T N et al. Tomographic determination of velocity and depth in laterally varying media. Geophysics,1985,50(6):903～923
3 Bregman V D et al.射线追踪法并间层析成像.第 56届 SEG年会论文集,石油工业出版社,1987
4 Bregman V D et al.crosshole seismic tomography.Geophysics,1989,54(2):200～215
5 Bois P et al.well-to-well seismic measurements.Geophysics,1972,37(3):471～480
6 Chapman C H and Drummand R. Body-wave seismograms in inhomogeneous media using Maslov asymptolic theory.Bwll Seis Soc Am,1982,72:277～317
7 Chon Y T and Dillon T J. Tomographic imaging of the weathered layer.第 56届 SEG年会论文集,石油工业出版社,1987
8 White D J.Two-dimensional seismic refraction tomography。Geophys8ical J,1989,97:223～245
9 White D J and Boland A V. A comparison of forward modeling and inversion of seismis first arrivals overthe KAPVSKASING UPLIFT.Bull Seis Soc Am,1992,82:304~322
10 Fawctt A T:Clyton RW.Tomogrophic reconstruction of velocity anomalies .Bull Seis Soc Am :1984:74:2201～2219
11 Hampson D et al.First-break interpretation using generalization linear inversion.第 54届 SEG年会论文集,石油工业出版社,1985:224～226
12 Humphreys Eetal.Atomographlc image of mantle structurebeneath southernia .Geophys ResLett,1984,11:625~627
13 Ivansson S.Astudy of methods for tomographic velocity estimation in the presence of low-velocityzones,Geophysics,1985,50(6):969～988
14 Kanasewich E R and Chin S K.Least-squares inversion of spatial seismic refraction data.Bull seis SocAm,1985,75:865~880
15 Menke W.The tesolving power of Cross-bofehole tomography.Geohys Res hett,1984,11:105～108
16 Brzostowski M Aand McMechan G A. 3-Dtomographic imaging of near-surface seismic velocltyand attenuation.Geophysics,1992,57(3):396～403
17 McMecham G A. Seismic tomography in boreholes. Geophys J R Astr Soc, 1983, 74: 601～612
18 Palvis G L. Geotomogrophy using refraction fan shots.J Gephys Res, 1986, 91: 6 522～ 6 534
19 Peterson J E et al.Applications of algebraic reconstruction techniques to cross-hole seismic data.Geophysics,1985,50(10):1566～1580
20 Scales J A.Tomogrsphic inversion via the Conjugate gradient method.Geophysics,1987,52(2):179～185
21 Stork C and Clayton R W.Analysis of the resolution between ambiguous velocity and reflector positionfor travel-time tomography.第 56届 SEG年会论文集,石油工业出版社,1987:326～332
22 Wong J et al.Crosshole seismology and seismic imaging in crystalline rocks.Geophys Res Lett,1983,10:686～689
23周兵,朱介寿.射线展析技术中的算法探讨.石油物探,1992,31(2):16～22
24李幼铭等编译.地震层析成像及应用,学术书刊出版社,1989
25尹峰.并间地震层析成像法研究与应用,东南大学博士论文,1989
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