负压空吸作用是油气藏的成藏机制之一
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摘要
地震是构造应力在瞬间强烈释放的表现,震区产生的负压空吸作用对地下流体运动影响很大,是油气成藏的机制之一。将油气在负压空吸作用下运聚成藏的过程划分为4个阶段:地震前平衡期地应力差值微小,油气在浮力等驱动力作用下发生运移;地震前准备期孕震区地应力逐渐集中,储集应变能;地震发生时为成藏期,震区应力瞬间释放,在震区及其附近产生地震裂缝网络,在巨大地应力差值造成的负压空吸作用下,地下流体和所含油气快速运移于新生裂缝网络中,形成油气聚集;地震后平衡期内油气运移不明显,如果震后新生裂缝区裂缝中的地下水形成新矿物而占据裂缝体积,将给裂缝中聚集的油气增加附加压力。图2参13
Earthquakes have influences on forming oil and gas reservoirs. Stress librated from earthquake would always be violently changed before or after an earthquake. It's used to analyze the processes of oil and gas migration and forming reservoirs, which are divided into four periods: pre-equilibrium, pre-preparation, forming-reservoir and re-equilibrium. In the process of forming reservoirs, the earthquake fractured net will be produced. After the stress values jump from highest to lowest, the underground liquids quickly migrate and fill fully the new produced fractures and form structure fractured reservoirs in the process of the giant stress differences, the negative pressure and the empty suction.
Earthquakes have influences on forming oil and gas reservoirs. Stress librated from earthquake would always be violently changed before or after an earthquake. It's used to analyze the processes of oil and gas migration and forming reservoirs, which are divided into four periods: pre-equilibrium, pre-preparation, forming-reservoir and re-equilibrium. In the process of forming reservoirs, the earthquake fractured net will be produced. After the stress values jump from highest to lowest, the underground liquids quickly migrate and fill fully the new produced fractures and form structure fractured reservoirs in the process of the giant stress differences, the negative pressure and the empty suction.
引文
[1] 石慧馨,蔡祖煌,高名修.北京地区浅层地下水和气的异常运移与唐山地震[J].地震学报,1980,2(1) :55-64．
[2] 石慧馨,蔡祖煌.在我国发现的地震前地下流体异常的实例[J].地震学报,1980,2(4) :425-429．
[3] 华祥文.唐山强震前后北京、天津周围地区应力的变化过程[J].地震学报,1980,2(2) :130-145．
[4] 张德元,等.唐山地震前后渤海湾地区油井动态的异常变化[J].地震学报,1983,5(3) :278-282．
[5] 吴启林,等.海城、唐山两大地震前后油井生产动态的变化[J].地震学报,1983,5(4) :395-401．
[6] 华保钦.构造应力场、地震泵和油气运移[J].沉积学报,1995,13(2) :77-85．
[7] 张兴权,安玉玲.天然地震与构造裂缝、油气运移的关系研究[J].石油勘探与开发,2000,27(4) :106-108．
[8] 邸领军,等.鄂尔多斯盆地喜山期构造运动与油气成藏[J].石油学报,2003,24(2) :34-37．
[9] 李明诚.石油与天然气运移研究综述[J].石油勘探与开发,2000,27(4) :3-10．
[10] 李四光.地质力学概论[M].北京:科学出版社,1973．
[11] 丁遂栋.断裂力学[M].北京:机械工业出版社,1997．
[12] 查普曼 R E.石油地质学[M].李明诚(译).北京:石油工业出版社,1989．
[13] 胡聿贤.地震工程学[M].北京:地震出版社,1988．
[2] 石慧馨,蔡祖煌.在我国发现的地震前地下流体异常的实例[J].地震学报,1980,2(4) :425-429．
[3] 华祥文.唐山强震前后北京、天津周围地区应力的变化过程[J].地震学报,1980,2(2) :130-145．
[4] 张德元,等.唐山地震前后渤海湾地区油井动态的异常变化[J].地震学报,1983,5(3) :278-282．
[5] 吴启林,等.海城、唐山两大地震前后油井生产动态的变化[J].地震学报,1983,5(4) :395-401．
[6] 华保钦.构造应力场、地震泵和油气运移[J].沉积学报,1995,13(2) :77-85．
[7] 张兴权,安玉玲.天然地震与构造裂缝、油气运移的关系研究[J].石油勘探与开发,2000,27(4) :106-108．
[8] 邸领军,等.鄂尔多斯盆地喜山期构造运动与油气成藏[J].石油学报,2003,24(2) :34-37．
[9] 李明诚.石油与天然气运移研究综述[J].石油勘探与开发,2000,27(4) :3-10．
[10] 李四光.地质力学概论[M].北京:科学出版社,1973．
[11] 丁遂栋.断裂力学[M].北京:机械工业出版社,1997．
[12] 查普曼 R E.石油地质学[M].李明诚(译).北京:石油工业出版社,1989．
[13] 胡聿贤.地震工程学[M].北京:地震出版社,1988．
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