山东惠民凹陷古近系湖泊地震涌浪记录的新发现
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摘要
在陆相湖盆中,地震引起的各种作用力可以对各种先成沉积物进行改造而形成原地震积岩,同样地震可引发涌浪、浊流及碎屑流而形成地震涌浪沉积及震浊积岩.通过大量岩心观察描述和成像测井资料分析,首次提出惠民凹陷中央隆起带沙河街组含有丘状交错层理的碎屑岩与典型的原地震积岩(包括震裂岩、震褶岩、自碎屑角砾岩等)紧密共生,当属于地震作用引发涌浪的沉积产物.本区地震涌浪沉积中发育丘状及洼状层理、包卷层理、平行层理、块状层理、波痕、冲刷及截切面等沉积构造.根据沉积特征和分布位置,本区地震涌浪沉积划分为两种类型,即位于涌浪基面附近的含塑性泥砾的搅动型和涌浪基面与正常浪基面之间的回流型.垂向上地震涌浪沉积一般位于原地震积岩之上,震浊积岩之下,组成完整的原地震积岩—地震涌浪沉积—地震浊积岩序列或原地震积岩—地震涌浪沉积序列.本区地震涌浪沉积的发现和研究,将为地质学家识别陆相湖盆地震事件沉积提供对比标准.
The seismism can reform the formed sediments and develop seismites in lacstrine basin, as well as induce surging wave, turbidity current and debris flow and then form seismic surge wave deposits and seismoturbidite rocks. Based on core observation and image logging analysis, the author points out for the first time that the clastic rocks harving hummocky cross-straitification and typical seismites (shattered rocks, seismic corrugated rocks and autoclastic breccia) coexist in the third member of Shahejie Formation of central uplift belt in Huimin depression, therefore they belong to the result of surge wave deposits. Many sedimentary structures develop in the seismic surge wave deposits of this area, such as hummocky cross-stratifyication(HCS) and swaley cross-stratifyication(SCS) convolute bedding, parallel bedding, massive bedding, ripple and scouring and truncated surface, etc. According to the sedimentary characteristics and distribution,the seismic surge wave deposits are classified into two types, that is, the stirring type seismic surge wave deposits with mud gravel having plastic feature near the surge base and the undertow type seismic surge wave deposits between surge wave base and normal wave base. Vertically, the seismic surge wave deposits are usually above seismite and under seismoturbidite rocks. They compose a integrated sequence of seismite-seismic surge wave deposits-seismoturbidite rock or a sequence of seismite-seismic surge wave deposits. The discovery and research of seismic surge wave deposits caused by seismism can provide geologists with one of correlation standards for identifying the seismic event deposition of lacstrine basin.
The seismism can reform the formed sediments and develop seismites in lacstrine basin, as well as induce surging wave, turbidity current and debris flow and then form seismic surge wave deposits and seismoturbidite rocks. Based on core observation and image logging analysis, the author points out for the first time that the clastic rocks harving hummocky cross-straitification and typical seismites (shattered rocks, seismic corrugated rocks and autoclastic breccia) coexist in the third member of Shahejie Formation of central uplift belt in Huimin depression, therefore they belong to the result of surge wave deposits. Many sedimentary structures develop in the seismic surge wave deposits of this area, such as hummocky cross-stratifyication(HCS) and swaley cross-stratifyication(SCS) convolute bedding, parallel bedding, massive bedding, ripple and scouring and truncated surface, etc. According to the sedimentary characteristics and distribution,the seismic surge wave deposits are classified into two types, that is, the stirring type seismic surge wave deposits with mud gravel having plastic feature near the surge base and the undertow type seismic surge wave deposits between surge wave base and normal wave base. Vertically, the seismic surge wave deposits are usually above seismite and under seismoturbidite rocks. They compose a integrated sequence of seismite-seismic surge wave deposits-seismoturbidite rock or a sequence of seismite-seismic surge wave deposits. The discovery and research of seismic surge wave deposits caused by seismism can provide geologists with one of correlation standards for identifying the seismic event deposition of lacstrine basin.
引文
杜远生,韩欣.2000.论海啸作用与海啸岩.地质科技情报,19(1):19~23.
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钱守荣.1996.蠕虫状灰岩中的同生变形构造及其成因.安徽地质,6(1):38~42.
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宋天锐.1988.北京十三陵前寒武纪碳酸盐岩地层中的一套可能的地震—海啸序列.科学通报,(8):609~611.
孙晓猛,梁定益,聂泽同.1995.大陆边缘震积岩序列——以金沙江中段震积岩为例.现代地质,9(3):1~27.
田洪水,万中杰,王华林.2003.鲁中寒武系馒头组震积岩的发现及初步研究.地质论评,49(2):123~131.
严兆彬,郭福生,彭花明,杨志,郭国林.2005.浙西寒武系大陈岭组地震事件沉积的初步研究.地质学报,79(6):730~736.
杨剑萍.2000.惠民凹陷中央隆起带西部下第三系沙河街组三段上部的风暴重力流沉积.石油大学学报(自然科学版),24(1):26~29.
Du Yuansheng,Han Xin.2000.Tsunami and Tsunamites.GeologicalScience and Technology Information,19(1):19~23(in Chinesewith English abstract).
Gong Yiming,Liu Benpei.1993.Plate sedimentology of volcanic sedi-mentary rock of Devonian in the north of Xinjiang Provence.Wuhan:Chian University of Geosciences Press,62~63(in Chi-nese).
Heezen B C,Ewing M.1952.Turbidity current sand submarineslumps and1929Grand bank earthquake.Am.,J.Sci.,250(12):849~873.
Heezen B C,Dyke C L.1964.Grand bank Slump.Bull.Am.AssPetrol.Geol.,48(2):221~225.
Jiang Zaixing,Cao Yingchang,Qiu Longwei,Yang Jianping,ChenFaliang.2000.Study of sandstone sequence stratigraphy and sedi-mentalogy.Beijing:Geological Publishing House,144~148(inChinese).
Kastens K M,Cita M B.1981.Tsunami-induced sediment transportsin the abyssal Mediterranean Sea.Geol.Soc.Am.Bull.,92:845~847.
Liang Dingyi,Nie Zetong,Song Zhimin.1994.A re-study on seismitesand seismo-unconformity:taking Western Sichuan and westernYunnan as an example.Earth Science,19(6):845~850(in Chi-nese with English abstract).
Qian Shourong.1996.Contempraneous deformation structures in ver-micular limestone Geology of Anhui,6(1):38~42(in Chinesewith English abstract).
Qiao Xiufu,Song Tianrui,Gao Linzhi,et al.1994.Seismic sequencin carbonate rocks by vibrational liquefaction.Acta GeologicSinica,68(1):16~32(in Chinese with English abstract).
Seilacher A.1969.Fault-graded bed interpreted as seismites.Sedimen-tology,13(1~2):155~159.
Song Tianrui.1988.A possible suit of seismo-tsunami sequence inPrecambrian carbonate rock stratum in Shisanling in Beijing.Chi-nese Science Bulletin,38(8):609~611(in Chinese).
Sun Xiaomeng,Liang Dingyi,Nie Zetong.1995.Seismite sequence incontinental margin:take seismite in middle region of Jinsha riveras an example.Geoscience,9(3):1~27(in Chinese with Englishabstract).
Tian Hongshui,Wan Zhongjie,Wang Hualin.2003.Discovery and pre-liminary study on seismic of the Cambiran Mantou Formation inthe central Shandong area.Geological Review,49(2):123~131.
Yan Zhaobin,Guo Fusheng,Peng Huaming,Yang Zhi,Guo Guolin.2005.Pilot study on sedimentation of Cambrian Dacheling Foar-mation resulting from seismic events in the west of ZhejiangProvince.Acta Geologica Sinica,79(6):730~736.
Yang Jianping.2000.Storm deposit of the upper part of Member3oShahejie Formation of Eogene of central uplift belt in Huimin Depression.Journal of the University of Petroleum,China(Edition oNatural Science),24(1):26~29(in Chinese).
龚一鸣,刘本培.1993.新疆北部泥盆纪火山沉积岩系的板块沉积学研究.武汉:中国地质大学出版社,62~63.
姜在兴,操应长,邱隆伟,杨剑萍,陈发亮.2000.砂体层序地层及沉积学研究.北京:地质出版社,144~148.
梁定益,聂泽同,宋志敏.1994.再论震积岩及震积不整合——以川西、滇西地区为例.地球科学,19(6):845~850.
钱守荣.1996.蠕虫状灰岩中的同生变形构造及其成因.安徽地质,6(1):38~42.
乔秀夫,宋天锐,高林志,等.1994.碳酸盐岩振动液化地震序列.地质学报,68(1):16~32.
宋天锐.1988.北京十三陵前寒武纪碳酸盐岩地层中的一套可能的地震—海啸序列.科学通报,(8):609~611.
孙晓猛,梁定益,聂泽同.1995.大陆边缘震积岩序列——以金沙江中段震积岩为例.现代地质,9(3):1~27.
田洪水,万中杰,王华林.2003.鲁中寒武系馒头组震积岩的发现及初步研究.地质论评,49(2):123~131.
严兆彬,郭福生,彭花明,杨志,郭国林.2005.浙西寒武系大陈岭组地震事件沉积的初步研究.地质学报,79(6):730~736.
杨剑萍.2000.惠民凹陷中央隆起带西部下第三系沙河街组三段上部的风暴重力流沉积.石油大学学报(自然科学版),24(1):26~29.
Du Yuansheng,Han Xin.2000.Tsunami and Tsunamites.GeologicalScience and Technology Information,19(1):19~23(in Chinesewith English abstract).
Gong Yiming,Liu Benpei.1993.Plate sedimentology of volcanic sedi-mentary rock of Devonian in the north of Xinjiang Provence.Wuhan:Chian University of Geosciences Press,62~63(in Chi-nese).
Heezen B C,Ewing M.1952.Turbidity current sand submarineslumps and1929Grand bank earthquake.Am.,J.Sci.,250(12):849~873.
Heezen B C,Dyke C L.1964.Grand bank Slump.Bull.Am.AssPetrol.Geol.,48(2):221~225.
Jiang Zaixing,Cao Yingchang,Qiu Longwei,Yang Jianping,ChenFaliang.2000.Study of sandstone sequence stratigraphy and sedi-mentalogy.Beijing:Geological Publishing House,144~148(inChinese).
Kastens K M,Cita M B.1981.Tsunami-induced sediment transportsin the abyssal Mediterranean Sea.Geol.Soc.Am.Bull.,92:845~847.
Liang Dingyi,Nie Zetong,Song Zhimin.1994.A re-study on seismitesand seismo-unconformity:taking Western Sichuan and westernYunnan as an example.Earth Science,19(6):845~850(in Chi-nese with English abstract).
Qian Shourong.1996.Contempraneous deformation structures in ver-micular limestone Geology of Anhui,6(1):38~42(in Chinesewith English abstract).
Qiao Xiufu,Song Tianrui,Gao Linzhi,et al.1994.Seismic sequencin carbonate rocks by vibrational liquefaction.Acta GeologicSinica,68(1):16~32(in Chinese with English abstract).
Seilacher A.1969.Fault-graded bed interpreted as seismites.Sedimen-tology,13(1~2):155~159.
Song Tianrui.1988.A possible suit of seismo-tsunami sequence inPrecambrian carbonate rock stratum in Shisanling in Beijing.Chi-nese Science Bulletin,38(8):609~611(in Chinese).
Sun Xiaomeng,Liang Dingyi,Nie Zetong.1995.Seismite sequence incontinental margin:take seismite in middle region of Jinsha riveras an example.Geoscience,9(3):1~27(in Chinese with Englishabstract).
Tian Hongshui,Wan Zhongjie,Wang Hualin.2003.Discovery and pre-liminary study on seismic of the Cambiran Mantou Formation inthe central Shandong area.Geological Review,49(2):123~131.
Yan Zhaobin,Guo Fusheng,Peng Huaming,Yang Zhi,Guo Guolin.2005.Pilot study on sedimentation of Cambrian Dacheling Foar-mation resulting from seismic events in the west of ZhejiangProvince.Acta Geologica Sinica,79(6):730~736.
Yang Jianping.2000.Storm deposit of the upper part of Member3oShahejie Formation of Eogene of central uplift belt in Huimin Depression.Journal of the University of Petroleum,China(Edition oNatural Science),24(1):26~29(in Chinese).
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