四川老年人灾后主观幸福感状况
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摘要
目的评估5.12地震后四川灾区老年人的主观幸福感(SWB)状况及其影响因素。方法震后4、6和8个月,利用自编地震后受灾群众基本情况调查表和纽芬兰纪念大学幸福度量表,分别访谈200名安县、433名绵阳和390名成都受灾老年人。结果分层回归表明人口学变量和地震期间经历对老年人SWB都有显著影响。其中,模型1中人口学变量在三次调查中对SWB总变异的解释量分别为1.3%、12.9%和11.2%;模型2中,人口学变量和地震期间经历在三次调查中对SWB总变异的解释量分别为7.6%、23.7%和18.1%。加入地震期间经历变量显著提高了对SWB总变异的解释量。结论震后灾区老年人的SWB有随时间延长而提高的趋势。灾后心理干预要注意减轻老年人对地震的恐惧心理,并特别关注女性、文化程度低、仍从事农业劳动老年人的SWB状况。
Objective To investigate the subjective well-being (SWB) of elderly survivors living in Sichuan and its predictors after 5·12 Wenchuan earthquake.Methods Using Memorial University of Newfoudland Scale of Happiness (MUNSH) and self-made questionnaire about demographic information and experiences in earthquake.200,433 and 390 elderly survivors from An'xian,Mianyang and Chengdu respectively were interviewed after four,six and eight months of earthquake.Results Hierarchical regression analysis indicated that demographic variables and experiences in earthquake had significant effect on elderly survivors' SWB.In model 1,the demographic variables which explained the variation of SWB in three investigations were 1.3%,12.9% and 11.2% respectively,while in model 2,the demographic variables and experiences in earthquake on SWB were 7.6%,23.7% and 18.1% respectively.The addition of variables about experiences in earthquake significantly improved the fit of the models.Conclusions With time expanded,SWB of elderly survivors after earthquake have a trend of improvement.Psychological intervention on elderly survivors after earthquake should alleviate their horrible feelings,simultaneously pay special attention on those persons who are female,with low education level and engaged in farmwork.
Objective To investigate the subjective well-being (SWB) of elderly survivors living in Sichuan and its predictors after 5·12 Wenchuan earthquake.Methods Using Memorial University of Newfoudland Scale of Happiness (MUNSH) and self-made questionnaire about demographic information and experiences in earthquake.200,433 and 390 elderly survivors from An'xian,Mianyang and Chengdu respectively were interviewed after four,six and eight months of earthquake.Results Hierarchical regression analysis indicated that demographic variables and experiences in earthquake had significant effect on elderly survivors' SWB.In model 1,the demographic variables which explained the variation of SWB in three investigations were 1.3%,12.9% and 11.2% respectively,while in model 2,the demographic variables and experiences in earthquake on SWB were 7.6%,23.7% and 18.1% respectively.The addition of variables about experiences in earthquake significantly improved the fit of the models.Conclusions With time expanded,SWB of elderly survivors after earthquake have a trend of improvement.Psychological intervention on elderly survivors after earthquake should alleviate their horrible feelings,simultaneously pay special attention on those persons who are female,with low education level and engaged in farmwork.
引文
1Adams RE,Bromet EJ,Panina N,et al.Stress and well-being after the Chernobyl nuclear power plant accident〔J〕.Psychol Med,2002;32(1):143-56.
2Norris FH,Friedman MJ,Watson PJ,et al.60000disaster victims speak:PartⅠ.An empirical review of the empirical literature,1981-2001.PartⅡ.Summary and implications of the disaster mental health research〔J〕.Psychiatry,2002;65(1):207-60.
3Basoglu M,Kilic C,Salcioglu E,et al.Prevalence of posttraumatic stress disorder and comorbid depression in earthquake survivors in Turkey:an epidemiological study〔J〕.J Trauma Stress,2004;17(2):133-41.
4Kim SC,Plumb R,Gredig Q,et al.Medium-term post-Katrina health se-quelae among NewOrleans residents:predictors of poor mental and physi-cal health〔J〕.J Clin Nurs,2008;17(17):2335-42.
5刘静,肖军,陈祥慧,等.地震对焦虑抑郁患者的影响〔J〕.实用医院临床杂志,2009;6(1):55-6.
6Wang XD,Gao L,Zhang HB,et al.Post-earthquake quality of life and psychological well-being:longitudinal evaluation in a rural community sample in northern China〔J〕.Psychiatry Clin Neurosci,2000;54(4):427-33.
7Tsai KY,Chou P,Chou FH,et al.Three-year follow-up study of the rela-tionship between posttraumatic stress symptoms and quality of life among earthquake survivors in Yu-Chi,Taiwan〔J〕.J Psychiatr Res,2007;41(1):90-6.
8Crighton EJ,Elliott SJ,Meer J,et al.Impacts of an environmental disaster on psychosocial health and well-being in Karakalpakstan〔J〕.Soc Sci Med,2003;56(3):551-67.
9Chou FH,Chou P,Su TT,et al.Quality of life and related risk factors in a Taiwanese village population21months after an earthquake〔J〕.Aust NZJ Psychiatry,2004;38(5):358-64.
10Wu H,Chou P,Chou FH,et al.Survey of quality of life and related risk factors for a Taiwanese village population3years post-earthquake〔J〕.Aust N Z J Psychiatry,2006;40(4):355-61.
11Phifer JF.Psychological distress and somatic symptoms after natural dis-aster:differential vulnerability among older adult〔J〕.Psychol Aging,1990;5(3):412-20.
12Knight BG,Gatz M,Heller K,et al.Age and emotional response to Northridge earthquake:a longitudinal analysis〔J〕.Psychol Aging,2000;15(4):627-34.
13Seplaki CL,Goldman N,Weinstein M,et al.Before and after the1999Chi-Chi earthquake:traumatic events and depressive symptoms in an ol-der population〔J〕.Soc Sci Med,2006;62(12):3121-32.
14Bodvarsdottir I,Elklit A.Psychological reactions in Icelandic earthquake survivors〔J〕.Scand J Psychol,2004;45(1):3-13.
15Yilmaz V,Cangur S,Celik HE.Sexdifference and earthquake experience effects on earthquake victims〔J〕.Pers Individ Dif,2005;39(2):341-8.
16Anderson KM,Manuel G.Gender differences in reported stress response to the Loma Prieta earthquake〔J〕.Sex Roles,1994;30(9-10):725-33.
2Norris FH,Friedman MJ,Watson PJ,et al.60000disaster victims speak:PartⅠ.An empirical review of the empirical literature,1981-2001.PartⅡ.Summary and implications of the disaster mental health research〔J〕.Psychiatry,2002;65(1):207-60.
3Basoglu M,Kilic C,Salcioglu E,et al.Prevalence of posttraumatic stress disorder and comorbid depression in earthquake survivors in Turkey:an epidemiological study〔J〕.J Trauma Stress,2004;17(2):133-41.
4Kim SC,Plumb R,Gredig Q,et al.Medium-term post-Katrina health se-quelae among NewOrleans residents:predictors of poor mental and physi-cal health〔J〕.J Clin Nurs,2008;17(17):2335-42.
5刘静,肖军,陈祥慧,等.地震对焦虑抑郁患者的影响〔J〕.实用医院临床杂志,2009;6(1):55-6.
6Wang XD,Gao L,Zhang HB,et al.Post-earthquake quality of life and psychological well-being:longitudinal evaluation in a rural community sample in northern China〔J〕.Psychiatry Clin Neurosci,2000;54(4):427-33.
7Tsai KY,Chou P,Chou FH,et al.Three-year follow-up study of the rela-tionship between posttraumatic stress symptoms and quality of life among earthquake survivors in Yu-Chi,Taiwan〔J〕.J Psychiatr Res,2007;41(1):90-6.
8Crighton EJ,Elliott SJ,Meer J,et al.Impacts of an environmental disaster on psychosocial health and well-being in Karakalpakstan〔J〕.Soc Sci Med,2003;56(3):551-67.
9Chou FH,Chou P,Su TT,et al.Quality of life and related risk factors in a Taiwanese village population21months after an earthquake〔J〕.Aust NZJ Psychiatry,2004;38(5):358-64.
10Wu H,Chou P,Chou FH,et al.Survey of quality of life and related risk factors for a Taiwanese village population3years post-earthquake〔J〕.Aust N Z J Psychiatry,2006;40(4):355-61.
11Phifer JF.Psychological distress and somatic symptoms after natural dis-aster:differential vulnerability among older adult〔J〕.Psychol Aging,1990;5(3):412-20.
12Knight BG,Gatz M,Heller K,et al.Age and emotional response to Northridge earthquake:a longitudinal analysis〔J〕.Psychol Aging,2000;15(4):627-34.
13Seplaki CL,Goldman N,Weinstein M,et al.Before and after the1999Chi-Chi earthquake:traumatic events and depressive symptoms in an ol-der population〔J〕.Soc Sci Med,2006;62(12):3121-32.
14Bodvarsdottir I,Elklit A.Psychological reactions in Icelandic earthquake survivors〔J〕.Scand J Psychol,2004;45(1):3-13.
15Yilmaz V,Cangur S,Celik HE.Sexdifference and earthquake experience effects on earthquake victims〔J〕.Pers Individ Dif,2005;39(2):341-8.
16Anderson KM,Manuel G.Gender differences in reported stress response to the Loma Prieta earthquake〔J〕.Sex Roles,1994;30(9-10):725-33.
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