香港海啸监测及警报系统的发展
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摘要
地震监测、海啸数值模拟和海平面监测是监测和预报海啸的主要工具。为了有效监测南海北部可能发生的地震海啸,香港天文台(HKO)正在香港筹建一个宽频地震站,同时通过太平洋海啸警报及减灾系统(PTWS)的框架取得美国加州综合地震网(CISN)显示系统的实时地震信息,并通过世界气象组织(WMO)的全球通信系统(GTS)接收南海和西北太平洋的验潮站和海啸浮标数据以监测海面的波动情况。香港天文台通过联合国教科文组织(UNESCO)政府间海洋学委员会(IOC)取得海啸漫滩模式交换计划(TIME)下的海啸数值模式,把香港本地的高分辨率水深和地形数据融合在模式之内,并利用这个模式计算南海多处地区在不同地震情景下的海啸传播,为海啸预报提供重要的参考数据。
Earthquake monitoring,numerical tsunami simulation,and sea-level monitoring are the major tools for monitoring and forecasting tsunamis.To effectively monitor earthquake-generated tsunamis in the South China Sea,the Hong Kong Observatory(HKO)is setting up a broadband seismographic station in Hong Kong.Under the framework of the Pacific Tsunami Warning and Mitigation System(PTWS),HKO obtains real-time seismic messages from the California Integrated Seismic Network(CISN) Display.HKO also receives sea-level data through the Global Transmission System(GTS)of the World Meteorological Organization(WMO)from tide gauge stations and tsunami buoys in the South China Sea and the northwestern Pacific Ocean.HKO has acquired a numerical tsunami model through the Tsunami Inundation Model Exchange(TIME)project of the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission(IOC)of UNESCO.By incorporating local high resolution bathymetry and topography data into the model,tsunamis generated under various scenarios of earthquakes in the South China Sea are simulated to provide important data for tsunami forecasting.
Earthquake monitoring,numerical tsunami simulation,and sea-level monitoring are the major tools for monitoring and forecasting tsunamis.To effectively monitor earthquake-generated tsunamis in the South China Sea,the Hong Kong Observatory(HKO)is setting up a broadband seismographic station in Hong Kong.Under the framework of the Pacific Tsunami Warning and Mitigation System(PTWS),HKO obtains real-time seismic messages from the California Integrated Seismic Network(CISN) Display.HKO also receives sea-level data through the Global Transmission System(GTS)of the World Meteorological Organization(WMO)from tide gauge stations and tsunami buoys in the South China Sea and the northwestern Pacific Ocean.HKO has acquired a numerical tsunami model through the Tsunami Inundation Model Exchange(TIME)project of the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission(IOC)of UNESCO.By incorporating local high resolution bathymetry and topography data into the model,tsunamis generated under various scenarios of earthquakes in the South China Sea are simulated to provide important data for tsunami forecasting.
引文
①黄永德,陈营华.影响中国东南沿岸的海啸.中国澳门:第二届粤港澳地震科技研讨会,2006-03-01.
②黄永德,杨继兴,李健威.香港海啸警报服务的新发展和数值模式的应用。第二届粤港澳地震科技研讨会,中国澳门,2006-03-01.
[1]UNESCO Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission,Tsunami Warning System for the Pacific Master Plan,2nd edition[M].1999.
[2]UNESCO Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission,(Draft)Operational Users Guide for the Pacific Tsunami Warning and Mitigation System[M].2007.
[3]C.Goto,Y.Ogawa,N.Shuto and F.Imamura,1997,IUGG/IOC TIME Project:Numerical Method of Tsunami Simulation with the Leap-Frog Scheme[M],UNESCO Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission Manuals and Guides No.35.
[4]United States Geological Survey[M],Shutter Radar Topography Mission(SRTM)website,http://srtm.usgs.gov/index.html.
[5]Japan Meteorological Agency,Handbook for Tsunami Forecast in the Japan Sea[M].2001.
②黄永德,杨继兴,李健威.香港海啸警报服务的新发展和数值模式的应用。第二届粤港澳地震科技研讨会,中国澳门,2006-03-01.
[1]UNESCO Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission,Tsunami Warning System for the Pacific Master Plan,2nd edition[M].1999.
[2]UNESCO Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission,(Draft)Operational Users Guide for the Pacific Tsunami Warning and Mitigation System[M].2007.
[3]C.Goto,Y.Ogawa,N.Shuto and F.Imamura,1997,IUGG/IOC TIME Project:Numerical Method of Tsunami Simulation with the Leap-Frog Scheme[M],UNESCO Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission Manuals and Guides No.35.
[4]United States Geological Survey[M],Shutter Radar Topography Mission(SRTM)website,http://srtm.usgs.gov/index.html.
[5]Japan Meteorological Agency,Handbook for Tsunami Forecast in the Japan Sea[M].2001.
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