建筑结构的SMA被动振动控制方法
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摘要
文章根据Robery K等研制的SMA中心牵引型耗能器的基本原理,设计出一种具有自我保护能力的新型耗能器,并建立了对应的力学模型。在此基础上,利用Brinson相变发展的本构模型从热力学第一定律出发建立了耗能器的热力学平衡方程式,为了探讨耗能器在结构中的被动控制效果,文章以三层单跨框架结构为例建立了结构在耗能器作用下的动力学方程式。最后,文章分别对耗能器与框架结构进行了数值仿真计算。结果表明,耗能器的耗能能力随温度的升高而下降,通过温控器的调节或改变相变温度点,可以使耗能器处于最佳耗能状态;SMA耗能丝材愈短,在相同的耗能器行程下,丝材应变愈大,相变发展愈充分,耗能量愈大,但最大应变不能超过材料的最大可恢复应变;SMA耗能器对结构在地震作用下的动力响应具有较显著的抑制作用,位移的峰值衰减率约50％～70％。
In this paper, a new type energy dissipation damper was designed according to the basic principle of center traction model damper designed by Robery K. This new type energy dissipation damper was provided with self-protection ability. The mechanics model corresponding to the damper was proposed. U-sing Brinson constitutive model of phase transformation, starting from the thermodynamics first law, the thermodynamics equation of the damper was constituted. For discussing passive control effect of the damper in the structure, a frame structure of single span with three floors was selected for example, and the relevant dynamic equation was derived. The numerical calculation was carried out for the damper and the structure, respectively. The results indicate that the energy dissipation capacity of the damper descends along with the temperature increasing; the damper can be tuned up to groove by tuning up environmental temperature or change phase transformation temperature of SMA; the length of SMA threads of the damper is shorter, the strain of the threads is bigger, and the phase change development is more sufficient , the capacity of SMA energy dissipation is higher for the same extension of damper, but the maximal strain of the threads can not exceed maximal recoverable strain; the SMA passive energy dissipation damper can provide evident restrain function for dynamical response of the structure under earthquake, the peak value attenuation rate of the displacement response of the structure is about 50%~70%.
In this paper, a new type energy dissipation damper was designed according to the basic principle of center traction model damper designed by Robery K. This new type energy dissipation damper was provided with self-protection ability. The mechanics model corresponding to the damper was proposed. U-sing Brinson constitutive model of phase transformation, starting from the thermodynamics first law, the thermodynamics equation of the damper was constituted. For discussing passive control effect of the damper in the structure, a frame structure of single span with three floors was selected for example, and the relevant dynamic equation was derived. The numerical calculation was carried out for the damper and the structure, respectively. The results indicate that the energy dissipation capacity of the damper descends along with the temperature increasing; the damper can be tuned up to groove by tuning up environmental temperature or change phase transformation temperature of SMA; the length of SMA threads of the damper is shorter, the strain of the threads is bigger, and the phase change development is more sufficient , the capacity of SMA energy dissipation is higher for the same extension of damper, but the maximal strain of the threads can not exceed maximal recoverable strain; the SMA passive energy dissipation damper can provide evident restrain function for dynamical response of the structure under earthquake, the peak value attenuation rate of the displacement response of the structure is about 50%~70%.
引文
[1] Robert C K. Structural damping with shape-memory alloy: one class device. SPIE, 1995, 2445:225-240
[2] Peter W C. Experimental and analytical studies of shape memory alloy dampers for structure control. SPIE, 1995, 2445:241-251
[3] Mauro D, Donatello C, Roberto M. Implementation and testing of passive control devices based on shape memory alloy. Earthquake Engng Struct Dyn, 2000, 29: 945-968
[4] 王社良,苏三庆,沈亚鹏.形状记忆合金拉索被动控制结构地震响应分析.土木工程学报,2000,33(1) :56-62
[5] Tanaka K, Nagaki S. A thermomechanical description of materials with internal variables in the process of phase transformation. Ingenieur-Archiv, 1982, 51: 287-299
[6] Liang C. The constitutive modeling of shape memory alloys. Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1990
[7] Brinson L C. One-dimensional constitutive behaviour of SMA: themomechanical derivation with non-constant material functions. J Intelligent Material Systems and Structures, 1993, 4(2) : 229-242
[8] All R S, Peter H M, James D J. Modeling of SMA tendons for active control of structures. Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures, 1997, 8(1) : 51-70
[9] 徐祖耀,江伯鸿,杨大智,赵连城,郭锦芳,潘道成,谢超英,蔡伟,张巽奇,黄越.形状记忆材料.上海:上海交通大学出版社,2000
[2] Peter W C. Experimental and analytical studies of shape memory alloy dampers for structure control. SPIE, 1995, 2445:241-251
[3] Mauro D, Donatello C, Roberto M. Implementation and testing of passive control devices based on shape memory alloy. Earthquake Engng Struct Dyn, 2000, 29: 945-968
[4] 王社良,苏三庆,沈亚鹏.形状记忆合金拉索被动控制结构地震响应分析.土木工程学报,2000,33(1) :56-62
[5] Tanaka K, Nagaki S. A thermomechanical description of materials with internal variables in the process of phase transformation. Ingenieur-Archiv, 1982, 51: 287-299
[6] Liang C. The constitutive modeling of shape memory alloys. Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1990
[7] Brinson L C. One-dimensional constitutive behaviour of SMA: themomechanical derivation with non-constant material functions. J Intelligent Material Systems and Structures, 1993, 4(2) : 229-242
[8] All R S, Peter H M, James D J. Modeling of SMA tendons for active control of structures. Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures, 1997, 8(1) : 51-70
[9] 徐祖耀,江伯鸿,杨大智,赵连城,郭锦芳,潘道成,谢超英,蔡伟,张巽奇,黄越.形状记忆材料.上海:上海交通大学出版社,2000
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