汶川大地震地震波传播的谱元法数值模拟研究
摘要
汶川大地震震中位于震害活跃的龙门山断裂带上,其强度超过1976年唐山大地震.地震激发的地震波可以用来研究震源破裂过程及地球内部的层次结构.从弹性波理论基础出发,采用AK135理论地球模型,考虑地表地形、地球介质衰减及地球椭率等特性,利用谱元法结合高性能并行计算,分别对人工点源和复合源所激发的汶川大地震地震波的全球传播过程进行数值模拟重现.数值模拟结果显示了地震波在地球表面的传播形态.通过比较发现,复合源数值模拟结果较点源数值模拟结果更能体现汶川地震震源破裂过程的时空特性.另外,将两种震源的数值模拟结果分别与实际观测台站记录波形资料进行拟合对比,进一步定性地认识到多个点源组成的复合源的数值模拟结果较单个点源的数值模拟结果与实际观测资料的拟合程度更好,证明了汶川大地震破裂过程为多阶段破裂组成的一个复合破裂过程.
引文
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33NOAA.National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration(NOAA)Product Information Catalog—ETOPO5Earth Topography5-minute Digital Model.Technical Report,U S Department of Commence,Washington D C.1988
34陈雪江,秦国良,徐忠,等.参谱元方法的研究.数值计算与计算机应用,2003,3:201—206
35Abrahamson N A,Somerville P G.Effects of the hanging wall and footwall on ground motions recorded during the Northridge earthquake.Bull Seismol Soc Amer,1996,86(1B):93—99
36Chang T,Cotton F,Tsai Y,et al.Quantification of hanging-wall effects on ground motion:some insights from the1999Chi-Chi earthquake.Bull Seismol Soc Amer,2004,94(6):2186—2197
37李忠权,应丹琳,郭晓玉,等.龙门山汶川地震特征及构造运动学初析.成都理工大学学报(自然科学版),2008,35(4):426—430
2唐荣昌,韩渭滨.四川活动断裂与地震.北京:地震出版社,1993
3张培震.青藏高原东缘川西地区的现今构造变形、应变分配与深部动力过程.中国科学D辑:地球科学,2008,38(9):1041—1056
4王二七,孟庆任.对龙门山中生代和新生代构造演化的讨论.中国科学D辑:地球科学,2008,38(10):1221—1233
5张勇,冯万鹏,许力生,等.2008年汶川特大地震的时空破裂过程.中国科学D辑:地球科学,2008,38(10):1186—1194
6王卫民,赵连锋,李娟,等.四川汶川8.0级地震震源过程.地球物理学报,2008,51(5):1403—1410
7张培震,徐锡伟,闻学泽,等.2008年汶川8.0级地震发震断裂的滑动速率、复发周期和构造成因.地球物理学报,2008,51(4):1066—1073
8Tom P,Chen J,Eric K.Stress changes from the2008Wenchuan earthquake and increased hazard in the Sichuan basin.Nature,2008,454(24):509—510
9滕吉文,白登海,杨辉,等.2008汶川Ms8.0地震发生的深层过程和动力学响应.地球物理学报,2008,51(4):1385—1402
10Kelly K R,Ward R W,Treitel S.Synthetic seismograms,a finite difference approach.Geophysics,1976,41(1):2—27
11Virieux J.P-SV wave propagation in heterogeneous media:velocity-stress finite-difference method.Geophysics,1986,51(4):889—901
12Toyokuni G,Takenaka H,Wang Y,et al.Quasi-spherical approach for seismic wave modeling in a2-D slice of a global Earth model with lateral heterogeneity.Geophys Res Lett,2005,32:1—4
13刘恩儒,岳建华,刘彦.具有离散裂缝空间分布的二维固体中地震波传播的有限差分模拟.地球物理学报,2006,49(1):180—188
14Carcione J M.The wave equation in generalized coordinates.Geophysics,1994,59(12):1911—1919
15Tessmer E,Kosloff D.3-D elastic modeling with surface topography by a Chebyshev spectral method.Geophysics,1994,59:464—473
16郭桂红,石双虎,剡慧君.基于二维三分量伪谱法模拟数据的EDA介质中横波分裂研究.地球物理学报,2008,51(2):469—478
17Furumura T,Kennett B L N,Furumura M.Seismic wavefield calculation for laterally heterogeneous whole earth models using the pseudospectral method.Geophys J Int,1998,135:845—860
18Wang Y,Takenaka H,Furumura T.Modelling seismic wave propagation in a two-dimensional cylindrical whole-earth model using the pseudospectral method.Geophys J Int,2001,145:689—708
19王勖成.有限单元法.北京:清华大学出版社,2003.14—253
20Marfurt K J.Accuracy of finite-difference and finite-element modelling of the scalar and elastic wave equations.Geophys J Int,1984,49:533—549
21Komatitsch D,Vilotte J P.The spectral element method:an efficient tool to simulate the seismic response of2D and3D geological structures.Bull Seicmol Soc Amer,1998,88(2):368—392
22Seriani G.A parallel spectral element method for acoustic wave modeling.J Comput Acou,1997,5(1):53—69
23Maday Y,Patera A T.Spectral Element Methods for the Incompressible Navier-stokes equations.York:ASME,1989.71—413
24Komatitsch D,Tromp J.Introduction to the spectral element method for three-dimensional seismic wave propagation.Geophys J Int,1999,139:806—822
25Komatitsch D,Ritsema J,Tromp J.The spectral-element method,beowulf computing,and global seismology.Science,2002,298:1737—1742
26Komatitsch D,Tromp J.Spectral-element simulations of global seismic wave propagation—Ⅰ.Validation.Geophys J Int,2002,149:390—412
27王秀明,Seriani G,林伟军.利用谱元法计算弹性波场的若干理论问题.中国科学G辑:物理学力学天文学,2007,37(1):41—59
28林伟军,王秀明,张海澜.用于弹性波方程模拟的基于逐元技术的谱元法.自然科学进展,2005,15(9):1048—1057
29Komatitsch D,Tromp J.Spectral-element simulations of global seismic wave propagation—Ⅱ.Three-dimensional models,oceans,rotation and self-gravitation.Geophys J Int,2002,150:303—318
30Kennett B L N,Engdahl E R,Buland R.Constraints on seismic velocities in the Earth from traveltimes.Geophys J Int,1995,122:108—124
31Buland R,Chapman C H.The computation of seismic travel times.Bull Seismol Soc Amer,1983,73(5):1271—1302
32Dahlen F A,Tromp J.Theoretical Global Seismology.Princeton:Princeton University Press,1998
33NOAA.National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration(NOAA)Product Information Catalog—ETOPO5Earth Topography5-minute Digital Model.Technical Report,U S Department of Commence,Washington D C.1988
34陈雪江,秦国良,徐忠,等.参谱元方法的研究.数值计算与计算机应用,2003,3:201—206
35Abrahamson N A,Somerville P G.Effects of the hanging wall and footwall on ground motions recorded during the Northridge earthquake.Bull Seismol Soc Amer,1996,86(1B):93—99
36Chang T,Cotton F,Tsai Y,et al.Quantification of hanging-wall effects on ground motion:some insights from the1999Chi-Chi earthquake.Bull Seismol Soc Amer,2004,94(6):2186—2197
37李忠权,应丹琳,郭晓玉,等.龙门山汶川地震特征及构造运动学初析.成都理工大学学报(自然科学版),2008,35(4):426—430
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