利用低频信号提高膏盐区深层成像质量
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摘要
膏盐层作为一种很好的烃源岩和极好的盖层与油气储层具有密不可分的关系,但是,膏盐层具有的特殊性质使得其下伏目标地层成像困难。为此,以济阳坳陷HJ复杂膏盐区为目标区,首先通过分析膏盐层的地质和地球物理特征,说明了造成其下伏地层成像困难的主要原因——原位地层条件下处于蠕动状态非均匀分布的膏盐层对地震波场的强烈吸收和散射作用。然后设计了一个简化的膏盐层模型,采用波动方程粘弹介质波场数值模拟技术,分析了单道记录中以膏盐层为界的浅层和深层地震反射信号振幅谱的频率差异,证明了介质对波场的散射和吸收作用与地震信号的频率密切相关,高频信号衰减快,低频信号具有较强的抗散射和抗吸收能力,更易于穿透处于蠕动状态的非均匀膏盐层。最后根据目标区实际地质情况,建立了膏盐层地质模型。模拟数据分频成像处理表明,利用低频信号可以提高深层的成像质量。
Imaging for deep layers is difficulty because of anhydrite in some basins. A case study was performed on imaging HJ anhydrite in Jiyang Basin. Absorbing and scattering effect of anhydrite to seismic wavefield make it difficult to image through analyzing its properties. By wave equation numerical modeling, it is proved that absorbing and scattering effect is related to the frequency of seismic signal, low frequency signal can go through anhydrite easily, so it can be used for imaging for deep layers below anhydrite for its great power to resisted the absorbing and scattering of anhydrite.
Imaging for deep layers is difficulty because of anhydrite in some basins. A case study was performed on imaging HJ anhydrite in Jiyang Basin. Absorbing and scattering effect of anhydrite to seismic wavefield make it difficult to image through analyzing its properties. By wave equation numerical modeling, it is proved that absorbing and scattering effect is related to the frequency of seismic signal, low frequency signal can go through anhydrite easily, so it can be used for imaging for deep layers below anhydrite for its great power to resisted the absorbing and scattering of anhydrite.
引文
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11 Carcione J M, Herman G C, Kroode ten A P E. Seismic modeling[J]. Geophysics, 2002, 67(4) :1 304 -1325
12俞寿朋．高分辨率地震勘探[M]．北京:石油工业出版 社,1993．23-28
13裴正林．三维各向同性介质中弹性波方程交错网格高 阶有限差分模拟[J]．石油物探,2005,44(4):308-315
14姚姚,奚先．随机介质模型正演模拟及其波场分析[J]． 石油物探,2002,41(1):31～36
15 Zhang Z J, Wang G J, Harris J M. Multi-component wavefield simulation in viscous extensively dilatancy anisotropic media[J]. Phys Earth Planet Inter, 1999, 114(1):25-38
16 Yang D H, Liu E R, Zhang Z J, et al. Finite-difference modeling in two-dimensional anisotropic media u-sing a flux-corrected transport technique[J]. Geophysical Journal International ,2002,148(2):320-328
2董良国．复杂地质条件下地震波传播数值模拟[J]．勘 探地球物理进展,2005,28(3):187～194
3袁静,覃克．东营凹陷沙四段深水成因蒸发岩特征及其 与油气藏的关系[J]．石油大学学报(自然科学版), 2001,25(1):9～15
4 Criss C J, Kiger C, Maxwell P, et al. Full-wave seismic acquisition and processing: the onshore requirement[J]. First Break,2005,23(2):53-61
5佘德平,吴继敏,李佩,等．低频信号在玄武岩地区深层 成像中的应用研究[J]．河海大学学报(自然科学版), 2006,34(1):83-87
6 Ziolkowski A, Hanssen P. Gatliff R, et al. Use of low frequencies for sub-basalt imaging[J]. Geophysical Prospecting,2003,51(1): 169-182
7 Goloshubin G M, Korneev V A. Seismic low-frequency effects from fluid-saturated reservoir[J]. Expanded Abstracts of 70th Annual Internat SEG Mtg, 2000, 1 671 - 1674
8 Goloshubin G M, Korneev V A, Vingalov V M. Seismic low-frequency effects from oil-saturated reservoir zones[J]. Expanded Abstracts of 72nd Annual Internat SEG Mtg,2002,1813-1 816
9邹才能,张颖．油气勘探开发实用地震技术[M]．北京: 石油工业出版社,2002．64
10李庆忠．走向精确勘探的道路——高分辨率地震勘探 系统工程剖析[M]．北京:石油工业出版社,1993．30～ 43
11 Carcione J M, Herman G C, Kroode ten A P E. Seismic modeling[J]. Geophysics, 2002, 67(4) :1 304 -1325
12俞寿朋．高分辨率地震勘探[M]．北京:石油工业出版 社,1993．23-28
13裴正林．三维各向同性介质中弹性波方程交错网格高 阶有限差分模拟[J]．石油物探,2005,44(4):308-315
14姚姚,奚先．随机介质模型正演模拟及其波场分析[J]． 石油物探,2002,41(1):31～36
15 Zhang Z J, Wang G J, Harris J M. Multi-component wavefield simulation in viscous extensively dilatancy anisotropic media[J]. Phys Earth Planet Inter, 1999, 114(1):25-38
16 Yang D H, Liu E R, Zhang Z J, et al. Finite-difference modeling in two-dimensional anisotropic media u-sing a flux-corrected transport technique[J]. Geophysical Journal International ,2002,148(2):320-328
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