汶川地震后对我国结构工程抗震的几点思考
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摘要
通过前两位作者前后两次赴汶川地震灾区进行考察调研,获取了震害的第一手资料。首先阐述了汶川地震的特点,分析了结构工程特别是桥梁工程震害产生的原因;研究了桥型与抗震性能的关系,提出在不同场地和不同条件下应采用不同的桥型、高烈度地震区的适宜桥跨结构型式应进行深入研究;探讨了桥梁结构的抗震设防标准问题,建议对重要性公路桥梁,采用中震不坏的设计原则;讨论了概念设计与抗震构造措施对桥梁抗震的重要性;提出应重视减隔震耗能技术在桥梁工程中的应用;根据国外的经验,建议对桥梁结构的抗震评价与加固技术进行深入的探讨和研究;探讨了我国在灾害的应急决策机制、防灾减灾政策和技术研究等方面存在的问题;最后,针对目前我国结构抗震中存在的问题,提出了相应的建议。
The first hand information has obtained by the first two authers'twice investigations in Wenchuan Earthquake district.First,the characteristics of the Wenchuan Earthquake were introduced.Second,the damage reasons of the structures,especially the bridges,were analyzed.Third,the relationship between bridge type and anti-seismic performance was given.It was put forward that the proper types of bridges which suitable for different conditions should be adopted and the proper type of bridge structure for the high-intensity seismic zone should be researched deeply.Fourth,the issue of seismic fortification criterion for bridge structure was discussed.It was suggested to adopt the design and maintenance principle as "important highway bridges should not be damaged after medium-intensity earthquakes".Fifth,the importance of the conceptual design and structure measurements for bridge anti-seismic capacity was discussed.It was pointed out that the application of reduction response and energy dissipation technology in bridge engineering should be taken seriously.Sixth,it was put forward that the seismic estimation and retrofit of the bridge structure should be deeply researched in the near future based on overseas experiences.Seventh,the status of emergency response mechanism for disaster,the policy and technology research on disaster prevention and reduction in China were discussed.At last,some advice in the emergency response mechanism was given.d
The first hand information has obtained by the first two authers'twice investigations in Wenchuan Earthquake district.First,the characteristics of the Wenchuan Earthquake were introduced.Second,the damage reasons of the structures,especially the bridges,were analyzed.Third,the relationship between bridge type and anti-seismic performance was given.It was put forward that the proper types of bridges which suitable for different conditions should be adopted and the proper type of bridge structure for the high-intensity seismic zone should be researched deeply.Fourth,the issue of seismic fortification criterion for bridge structure was discussed.It was suggested to adopt the design and maintenance principle as "important highway bridges should not be damaged after medium-intensity earthquakes".Fifth,the importance of the conceptual design and structure measurements for bridge anti-seismic capacity was discussed.It was pointed out that the application of reduction response and energy dissipation technology in bridge engineering should be taken seriously.Sixth,it was put forward that the seismic estimation and retrofit of the bridge structure should be deeply researched in the near future based on overseas experiences.Seventh,the status of emergency response mechanism for disaster,the policy and technology research on disaster prevention and reduction in China were discussed.At last,some advice in the emergency response mechanism was given.d
引文
[1]王克海.桥梁抗震研究[M].北京:中国铁道出版社,2007.WANG Ke-hai.Research on Bridge Anti-seismic Capacity[M].Beijing:China Railway Publishing House,2007.
[2]王克海,李茜,朱,等.桥梁工程抗震设防标准问题[J].桥梁建设,2008(2):60-61.WANG Ke-hai,LI Qian,ZHU Xi,et al.Issues on Earth-quake Protection Criterion for Bridge Engineering[J].BridgeConstruction,2008(2):60-61.
[3]叶爱君,范立础.大型桥梁工程的抗震设防标准探讨[J].地震工程与工程振动,2006(2):8-12.YE Ai-jun,FAN Li-chu.Discussion on Earthquake ResistanceLevel of Large Bridges[J].Earthquake Engineering and En-gineering Vibration,2006(2):8-12.
[4]王克海,朱.斜拉桥结构基于模态分析的减震控制的研究[J].工程力学,2002,19(1):115-120.WANG Ke-hai,ZHU Xi.Study on Control of Reducing SeismicResponse for Cable-stayed Bridge Based on Mode Analysis[J].Engineering Mechanics,2002,19(1):115-120.
[5]WANG Ke-hai,ZHU Xi.Study on Control of Reducing SeismicResponse for Cable-stayed Bridge Based on Mode Analysis.[C]//13thWorld Conference on Earthquake Engineering.Can-ada:2004.
[6]BUCKLE I,FRIEDLAND I,MANDER J,et al.公路结构物抗震加固改造手册[M].王克海,李茜,莫勋涛,等译.北京:人民交通出版社,2008.BUCKLE I,FRIEDLAND I,MANDER J,et al.SeismicRetrofit Manual for Highway Structures[M].Translated byWANG Ke-hai,LI Qian,MUO Xun-tao.Beijing:ChinaCommunications Press,2008.
[7]范立础.桥梁抗震[M].上海:同济大学出版社,1997.FAN Li-chu.Bridge Anti-seismic Capability[M].Shanghai:Tongji University Press,1997.
[8]JTJ 004-89,公路工程抗震设计规范[S].JTJ 004-89,Specifications of Earthquake Resistant Design forHighway Engineering[S].
[9]GBJ11-89,建筑抗震设计规范[S].GBJ11-89,Code for Seismic Design of Buildings[S].
[10]GB50111-2006,铁路工程抗震设计规范[S].GB50111-2006,Code for Seismic Design of Railway Engineer-ing[S].
[2]王克海,李茜,朱,等.桥梁工程抗震设防标准问题[J].桥梁建设,2008(2):60-61.WANG Ke-hai,LI Qian,ZHU Xi,et al.Issues on Earth-quake Protection Criterion for Bridge Engineering[J].BridgeConstruction,2008(2):60-61.
[3]叶爱君,范立础.大型桥梁工程的抗震设防标准探讨[J].地震工程与工程振动,2006(2):8-12.YE Ai-jun,FAN Li-chu.Discussion on Earthquake ResistanceLevel of Large Bridges[J].Earthquake Engineering and En-gineering Vibration,2006(2):8-12.
[4]王克海,朱.斜拉桥结构基于模态分析的减震控制的研究[J].工程力学,2002,19(1):115-120.WANG Ke-hai,ZHU Xi.Study on Control of Reducing SeismicResponse for Cable-stayed Bridge Based on Mode Analysis[J].Engineering Mechanics,2002,19(1):115-120.
[5]WANG Ke-hai,ZHU Xi.Study on Control of Reducing SeismicResponse for Cable-stayed Bridge Based on Mode Analysis.[C]//13thWorld Conference on Earthquake Engineering.Can-ada:2004.
[6]BUCKLE I,FRIEDLAND I,MANDER J,et al.公路结构物抗震加固改造手册[M].王克海,李茜,莫勋涛,等译.北京:人民交通出版社,2008.BUCKLE I,FRIEDLAND I,MANDER J,et al.SeismicRetrofit Manual for Highway Structures[M].Translated byWANG Ke-hai,LI Qian,MUO Xun-tao.Beijing:ChinaCommunications Press,2008.
[7]范立础.桥梁抗震[M].上海:同济大学出版社,1997.FAN Li-chu.Bridge Anti-seismic Capability[M].Shanghai:Tongji University Press,1997.
[8]JTJ 004-89,公路工程抗震设计规范[S].JTJ 004-89,Specifications of Earthquake Resistant Design forHighway Engineering[S].
[9]GBJ11-89,建筑抗震设计规范[S].GBJ11-89,Code for Seismic Design of Buildings[S].
[10]GB50111-2006,铁路工程抗震设计规范[S].GB50111-2006,Code for Seismic Design of Railway Engineer-ing[S].
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