地震电信号选择性数值模拟及可能影响因素
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摘要
本文探讨了将商业有限元软件COMSOL Multiphysics应用于地震电信号选择性三维数值模拟方面可能面临的一些问题.在检验算法可靠性的同时,通过选取不同类型的边界条件、不同大小的计算区域、不同的介质电性参数以及地表介质电性非均匀性和地下特定导电通道等不同电性结构模型等,考察了影响地震电信号选择性数值模拟结果的一些可能因素.结果表明,在开展地震电信号选择性数值模拟研究时需对模型参数的选取进行必要的分析,而地表介质电性非均匀性以及地下特定导电通道等可以较好地解释地震电信号选择性现象,其贡献的大小与模型具体的电性结构和对比度等参数有关.
We discuss the possible application of the COMSOL Multiphysics, a commercial finite element method (FEM) software, to 3D numerical simulation of seismic electric signal (SES). After validation test of the FEM software, we investigate the possible influences in numerical simulation of SES, by adopting different types of boundary condition, varied size of calculated region, various combinations of electrical parameters of the media, and various models including surface inhomogeneity of resistivity or underground conductive channel.The preliminary results showed that care should be taken for the selection of model parameters in numerical simulation of SES.Selectivity phenomena of SES may be caused either by surface inhomogeneity of resistivity or by underground conductive channel, depending on the detailed electric structure and contrast of resistivity in the model.
We discuss the possible application of the COMSOL Multiphysics, a commercial finite element method (FEM) software, to 3D numerical simulation of seismic electric signal (SES). After validation test of the FEM software, we investigate the possible influences in numerical simulation of SES, by adopting different types of boundary condition, varied size of calculated region, various combinations of electrical parameters of the media, and various models including surface inhomogeneity of resistivity or underground conductive channel.The preliminary results showed that care should be taken for the selection of model parameters in numerical simulation of SES.Selectivity phenomena of SES may be caused either by surface inhomogeneity of resistivity or by underground conductive channel, depending on the detailed electric structure and contrast of resistivity in the model.
引文
[1] 韩鹏,黄清华,修济刚.地磁日变与地震活动关系的主成分分析--以日本岩手县北部6． 1级地震为例.地球物理学报,2009,52(6) :1556～1563,DOI:10． 3969/j.issn.0001-5733． 2009． 06． 017 Han P,Huang Q H,Xiu J G.Principal component analysis of geomagnetic diurnal variation associated with earthquakes:case study of the M6． 1 Iwate-ken Nairiku Hokubu earthquake.Chinese J.Geophy.(in Chinese),2009,52(6) :1556～1563,DOI:10． 3969/j.issn.0001-5733． 2009． 06． 017
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[10] Hattori K,Serita A,Gotoh K.ULF geomagnetic anomaly associated with 2000 Izu Islands earthquake swarm,Japan.Phys.Chem.Earth,2004,29(4-9) :425～435
[11] Fraser-Smith A C,Bernardi A,McGill P R,et al.Lowfrequency magnetic field measurements near the epicenter of the M_s 7． 1 Loma Prieta earthquake.Geophys.Res.Lett.,1990,17(9) :1465～1468
[12] Nagao T,Enomoto Y,Fujinawa Y,et al.Electromagnetic anomalies associated with 1995 Kobe earthquake.J.Geodyn.,2002,33(4-5) :401～411
[13] Zhang H,Zhao B,Zhao Y,et al.PS-100 anti-interference electrical observation system and its application to earthquake prediction study.Phys.Chem.Earth,2006,31(4-9) :172～181,DOI:10． 1016/j.pce.2006． 02． 012
[14] Huang Q,Ikeya M.Seismic electromagnetic signals(SEMS)explained by a simulation experiment using electromagnetic waves.Phys.Earth Planet.Inter.,1998,109(3-4) :107～114
[15] Orihara Y,Noda Y,Nagao T,et al.A possible case of SES selectivity at Kozu shima Island,Japan.J.Geodyn.,2002,33(4-5) :425～432
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[18] Varotsos P,Alexopoulos K.Physical-properties of the variations of the electric-field of the earth preceding earthquake 2． Tectonophysics,1984,110(1-2) :99～125
[19] Geller R J.Debate on evaluation of the VAN method.Geophys.Res.Lett.,1996,23(11) :1291～1452
[20] Lighthill S J.A Critical Review of VAN:Earthquake Prediction from Seismic Electrical Signals.Singapore:World Scientific Press,1996
[21] Uyeda S.In defence of VAN's earthquake prediction.Eos Tran.AGU,2000,81(1) :3
[22] 郭自强,罗祥麟,钱书清等.矿山爆炸中的电磁辐射.地球物理学报,1999,42(6) :834～840 Guo Z Q,Luo X L,Qian S Q,et,al.Electromagnetic emission accompanying mine blasting.Chinese J.Geophy.(in Chinese),1999,42(6) :834～840
[23] 郝锦绮,钱书清,高金田等.岩石破裂过程中的超低频电磁异常.地震学报,2003,25(1) :102～111 Hao J Q,Qian S Q,Gao J T,et al.ULF electric and magnetic anomalies accompanying the cracking of rock sample.Acta Seismol.Sin.(in Chinese),2003,25(1) :102～111
[24] Huang Q.One possible generation mechanism of co-seismic electric signals.Proc.Japan Acad.,2002,78(7) :173～178
[25] Huang Q.Theoretical and experimental study on seismoelectric signals and earthquake-related phenomena[Ph.D.thesis].Japan:Osaka Univ.,1999
[26] Mizutani H,Ishido T,Yokokura T,et al.Electrokinetic phenomena associated with earthquakes.Geophys.Res.Lett.,1976,3(7) :365～368
[27] Huang Q,Ikeya M.Experimental study on the propagation of Seismic Electro Magnetic Signal(SEMS)using a mini-geographic model of the Taiwan strait.Episodes,1999,22(4) :289～294
[28] Huang Q H.Controlled analogue experiments on propagation of seismic electromagnetic signals.Chinese Sci.Bull.,2005,50(17) :1956～1961
[29] Sarlis N,Lazaridou M,Kapiris P,et al.Numerical model of the selectivity effect and the ΔV/L criterion.Geophys.Res.Lett.,1999,26(21) :3245～3248
[30] 徐世浙.地球物理中的有限单元法.北京:科学出版社,1994 Xu S Z.FEM in Geophysics(in Chinese).Beijing:Science Press,1994
[31] Huang Q H,Lin Y F.Selectivity of seismic electric signal (SES)of the 2000 Izu earthquake swarm:a 3 D FEM numerical simulation model.Proc.Japan Acad.,2010,86(3) :257～264,DOI:10． 2183/pjab.86． 257
[32] 柯敢攀,黄清华.井地电法的三维正反演研究.北京大学学报(自然科学版),2009,45(2) :264～272 Ke G,Huang Q.3D forward and inversion problems of borehole-to-surface electrical method.Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Pekinensis(in Chinese),2009,45(2) :264～272
[33] Uyeda S,Hayakawa M,Nagao T,et al.Electric and magnetic phenomena observed before the volcano-seismic activity in 2000 in the Izu Island Region,Japan.Proc.Nat.Acad.Sci.USA,2002,99(11) :7352～7355
[34] Huang Q H.Seismicity associated with the 2000 earthquake swarm in the Izu Island region.J.Asian Earth Sci.,2006,26(5) :509～517,DOI:10． 1016/j.jseaes.2004． 11． 005
[2] 黄清华,刘涛.新岛台地电场的潮汐响应与地震.地球物理学报,2006,49(6) :1745～1754 Huang Q H,Liu T.Earthquakes and tide response of geoelectric potential field at the Niijima station.Chinese J.Geophy.(in Chinese),2006,49(6) :1745～1754
[3] 黄清华.地震电磁信号观测研究简述.国际地震动态,2005,11:2～5 Huang Q.The state-of-the-art in seismic electromagnetic observation.Recent Developments in World Seismology(in Chinese),2005,11:2～5
[4] 汤吉,赵国泽,王继军等.张北-尚义地震前后电阻率的变化及分析.地震地质,1998,20(2) :164～171 Tang J,Zhao G Z,Wang J J,et al.Variation and analysis of resistivity before and after the Zhangbei-Shangyi earthquake.Seismology and Geology(in Chinese),1998,20(2) :164～171
[5] 赵国泽,陆建勋.利用人工源超低频电磁波监测地震的试验与分析.中国工程科学,2003,5(10) :27～32 Zhao G Z,Lu J X.Monitoring & analysis of earthquake phenomena by artificial SLF waves.Engineering Science(in Chinese),2003,5(10) :27～32
[6] 赵国泽,汤吉,邓前辉等.人工源超低频电磁波技术及在首都圈地区的测量研究.地学前缘,2003,10(增):248～257 Zhao G Z,Tang J,Deng Q H,et al.Artificial SLF method and the experimental study for earthquake monitoring in Beijing area.Earth Science Frontiers(in Chinese),2003,10(Suppl.):248～257
[7] Zhao G Z,Zhan Y,Wang L F,et al.Electromagnetic anomaly before earthquakes measured by electromagnetic experiments.Earthquake Science,2009,22:395～402
[8] Du A,Huang Q,Yang S.Epicenter location by abnormal ULF electromagnetic emissions.Geophys.Res.Lett.,2002,29(10) :1455,DOI:10． 1029/2001GL013616
[9] Johnston M J S.Review of electric and magnetic fields accompanying seismic and volcanic activity.Surv.Geophys.,1997,18(5) :441～475
[10] Hattori K,Serita A,Gotoh K.ULF geomagnetic anomaly associated with 2000 Izu Islands earthquake swarm,Japan.Phys.Chem.Earth,2004,29(4-9) :425～435
[11] Fraser-Smith A C,Bernardi A,McGill P R,et al.Lowfrequency magnetic field measurements near the epicenter of the M_s 7． 1 Loma Prieta earthquake.Geophys.Res.Lett.,1990,17(9) :1465～1468
[12] Nagao T,Enomoto Y,Fujinawa Y,et al.Electromagnetic anomalies associated with 1995 Kobe earthquake.J.Geodyn.,2002,33(4-5) :401～411
[13] Zhang H,Zhao B,Zhao Y,et al.PS-100 anti-interference electrical observation system and its application to earthquake prediction study.Phys.Chem.Earth,2006,31(4-9) :172～181,DOI:10． 1016/j.pce.2006． 02． 012
[14] Huang Q,Ikeya M.Seismic electromagnetic signals(SEMS)explained by a simulation experiment using electromagnetic waves.Phys.Earth Planet.Inter.,1998,109(3-4) :107～114
[15] Orihara Y,Noda Y,Nagao T,et al.A possible case of SES selectivity at Kozu shima Island,Japan.J.Geodyn.,2002,33(4-5) :425～432
[16] Varotsos P.The Physics of Seismic Electric Signals.Tokyo:Terra Pub.,2005
[17] Varotsos P,Alexopoulos K.Physical-properties of the variations of the electric-field of the earth preceding earthquake 1． Tectonophysics,1984,110(1-2) :73～98
[18] Varotsos P,Alexopoulos K.Physical-properties of the variations of the electric-field of the earth preceding earthquake 2． Tectonophysics,1984,110(1-2) :99～125
[19] Geller R J.Debate on evaluation of the VAN method.Geophys.Res.Lett.,1996,23(11) :1291～1452
[20] Lighthill S J.A Critical Review of VAN:Earthquake Prediction from Seismic Electrical Signals.Singapore:World Scientific Press,1996
[21] Uyeda S.In defence of VAN's earthquake prediction.Eos Tran.AGU,2000,81(1) :3
[22] 郭自强,罗祥麟,钱书清等.矿山爆炸中的电磁辐射.地球物理学报,1999,42(6) :834～840 Guo Z Q,Luo X L,Qian S Q,et,al.Electromagnetic emission accompanying mine blasting.Chinese J.Geophy.(in Chinese),1999,42(6) :834～840
[23] 郝锦绮,钱书清,高金田等.岩石破裂过程中的超低频电磁异常.地震学报,2003,25(1) :102～111 Hao J Q,Qian S Q,Gao J T,et al.ULF electric and magnetic anomalies accompanying the cracking of rock sample.Acta Seismol.Sin.(in Chinese),2003,25(1) :102～111
[24] Huang Q.One possible generation mechanism of co-seismic electric signals.Proc.Japan Acad.,2002,78(7) :173～178
[25] Huang Q.Theoretical and experimental study on seismoelectric signals and earthquake-related phenomena[Ph.D.thesis].Japan:Osaka Univ.,1999
[26] Mizutani H,Ishido T,Yokokura T,et al.Electrokinetic phenomena associated with earthquakes.Geophys.Res.Lett.,1976,3(7) :365～368
[27] Huang Q,Ikeya M.Experimental study on the propagation of Seismic Electro Magnetic Signal(SEMS)using a mini-geographic model of the Taiwan strait.Episodes,1999,22(4) :289～294
[28] Huang Q H.Controlled analogue experiments on propagation of seismic electromagnetic signals.Chinese Sci.Bull.,2005,50(17) :1956～1961
[29] Sarlis N,Lazaridou M,Kapiris P,et al.Numerical model of the selectivity effect and the ΔV/L criterion.Geophys.Res.Lett.,1999,26(21) :3245～3248
[30] 徐世浙.地球物理中的有限单元法.北京:科学出版社,1994 Xu S Z.FEM in Geophysics(in Chinese).Beijing:Science Press,1994
[31] Huang Q H,Lin Y F.Selectivity of seismic electric signal (SES)of the 2000 Izu earthquake swarm:a 3 D FEM numerical simulation model.Proc.Japan Acad.,2010,86(3) :257～264,DOI:10． 2183/pjab.86． 257
[32] 柯敢攀,黄清华.井地电法的三维正反演研究.北京大学学报(自然科学版),2009,45(2) :264～272 Ke G,Huang Q.3D forward and inversion problems of borehole-to-surface electrical method.Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Pekinensis(in Chinese),2009,45(2) :264～272
[33] Uyeda S,Hayakawa M,Nagao T,et al.Electric and magnetic phenomena observed before the volcano-seismic activity in 2000 in the Izu Island Region,Japan.Proc.Nat.Acad.Sci.USA,2002,99(11) :7352～7355
[34] Huang Q H.Seismicity associated with the 2000 earthquake swarm in the Izu Island region.J.Asian Earth Sci.,2006,26(5) :509～517,DOI:10． 1016/j.jseaes.2004． 11． 005
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