中国大陆中轴构造带及其两侧的现今地壳垂直运动
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摘要
利用中心年代分别为1964、1979及1993的3期精密水准复测资料研究中轴(构造)带及其两侧(东经90.5°至113.5°,北纬21.5°至42.0°)的现代地壳垂直运动。结果表明中轴带及其两侧近30多年的运动趋势与最近十几年运动趋势十分一致。而且与该地区的地势地貌有良好的相关性,几个垂直形变的高梯度带均分布在本区两个大盆地(四川盆地与柴达木盆地)周边。整个形变态势表现出明显的继承性运动特征。但在70年代,该区的垂直运动经历了一次明显的变化或反向。联系到同一时期中轴带南部的一系列7级以上强震的发生,提示大区域的垂直形变的趋势变化可能是强震活跃的一种指示。文中还利用得到的地壳垂直形变图研究了区内南—北、东—西向穿切几个主要构造单元的9条剖面的地壳垂直运动特征和它们的时空演化,结果进一步证明1969～1979年间,我国中西部比较强烈的地壳垂直运动与我国地震活动高潮期一致。纬向剖面的运动特征清楚地显示出东经100～105度的经向带内,整个研究区可分为地壳垂直运动速率西高东低的东、西两区;而经向剖面又可将这东、西两区分出以某些纬向高变化窄带为界的纬向区块。文中还详细讨论了这些区块所对应的构造单元的现今运动特征。
In the paper, the precise re-leveling data of three periods with the central epochs of 1964, 1979 and 1993 are used to study the recent vertical crustal movement in the so-called Central Axis (Structure) Zone and its adjacent areas (90. 5°E~113. 5°E, 21. 5°N~42. 0°N). The results show that the motion trends in the zone in the last more than 30 yeas coincide very well with the trends in the latest more than 10 yeas. In addition, there is a better correlative relationship between the motion trends and the terrain and landform in the area. Some belts with high-gradient vertical movement are distributed in the surrounding areas of two major basins (Sichuan basin and Qaidam basin) in the study region. The general deformation situation shows some inherited motion feature. But in the 1970s, the vertical motion in the region underwent an obvious change or reversion. Taking a series of strong earthquakes occurring in the same period in the southern part of the zone into account, the trend variation of vertical deformation in a large area may be an indication of strong seismic activity. The vertical motion features and their temporal and spatial evolutions along 9 profiles that cut across several major structure units in the region are also studied in the paper using the obtained vertical crustal deformation contour map-s. The results further show that the strong vertical crustal motions in the middle and western parts of China during the period of 1969 -1979 were consistent with the period of high seismic activity. The motion features on the profiles along the latitude lines clearly show that according to the velocities of vertical crustal motions the entire studied region can be divided into the eastern and western parts in the zone from 100°E to 105°E. The vertical motion velocity in the western part is higher, while in the eastern part is lower. Moreover, according to the motion features shown on the profiles along the longitude lines, each of the two parts (eastern and western parts) can be further divided into some local blocks distributed in the N-S direction by some narrow belts with rapid changes in the E-W direction. The recent motion characteristics of structure units corresponding to the local blocks are also discussed in detail in the paper.
In the paper, the precise re-leveling data of three periods with the central epochs of 1964, 1979 and 1993 are used to study the recent vertical crustal movement in the so-called Central Axis (Structure) Zone and its adjacent areas (90. 5°E~113. 5°E, 21. 5°N~42. 0°N). The results show that the motion trends in the zone in the last more than 30 yeas coincide very well with the trends in the latest more than 10 yeas. In addition, there is a better correlative relationship between the motion trends and the terrain and landform in the area. Some belts with high-gradient vertical movement are distributed in the surrounding areas of two major basins (Sichuan basin and Qaidam basin) in the study region. The general deformation situation shows some inherited motion feature. But in the 1970s, the vertical motion in the region underwent an obvious change or reversion. Taking a series of strong earthquakes occurring in the same period in the southern part of the zone into account, the trend variation of vertical deformation in a large area may be an indication of strong seismic activity. The vertical motion features and their temporal and spatial evolutions along 9 profiles that cut across several major structure units in the region are also studied in the paper using the obtained vertical crustal deformation contour map-s. The results further show that the strong vertical crustal motions in the middle and western parts of China during the period of 1969 -1979 were consistent with the period of high seismic activity. The motion features on the profiles along the latitude lines clearly show that according to the velocities of vertical crustal motions the entire studied region can be divided into the eastern and western parts in the zone from 100°E to 105°E. The vertical motion velocity in the western part is higher, while in the eastern part is lower. Moreover, according to the motion features shown on the profiles along the longitude lines, each of the two parts (eastern and western parts) can be further divided into some local blocks distributed in the N-S direction by some narrow belts with rapid changes in the E-W direction. The recent motion characteristics of structure units corresponding to the local blocks are also discussed in detail in the paper.
引文
陈述彭.1998． 地球系统科学.北京:中国科学技术出版社,1072～1073．
邓起东,程绍平,闵伟,等.1999． 鄂尔多斯块体新生代构造活动和动力学的讨论.地质力学学报,5(3) :13～21
方剑,许厚泽.2001． 中国及邻区岩石层密度三维结构,青藏高原岩石圈现今变形与动力学.北京:地震出版社,193～198．
国家地震局科技监测司.1989． 近期强震危险性研究.北京:地震出版社,380．
国家地震局地质研究所.1994． 现今地球动力学研究及其应用.北京:地震出版社,222～227．
黄立人,等.1991． 统一均衡基准及其在海面变化研究中的应用.中国科学(B辑),979～984．
黄立人,王敏.2000． 中国大陆现今地壳水平运动.地震学报,22(3) :257～262．
李清河,郭守年,吕德徽.1999． 鄂尔多斯西缘与西南缘深部结构与构造.北京:地震出版社,1～257．
马杏垣.1989． 中国及邻近海域岩石圈动力学图.北京;地质出版社.
马宗晋.1990． 中国大陆地震分区及其动力学讨论.国际大陆岩石圈构造演化与动力学讨论会,第三届全国构造地质会议论文选集(Ⅱ).北京:科学出版杜,86～95．
马宗晋,张家声,汪一鹏.2001． 青藏高原地壳结构和新构造运动的东西差异-论青藏高原构造变动的非均一性.青藏高原岩石圈现今变动与动力学.北京:地震出版社,75～87．
宋方敏,汪一鹏,俞维贤,等.1998． 小江活动断裂带.北京:地震出版社,1～237．
熊熊.2001． 青藏高原物质东流与岩石强度的关系.青藏高原岩石圈现今变形与动力学.北京:地震出版社,177～184．
叶叔华,黄珹.2000． 天文地球动力学.济南:山东科学技术出版社,308～312．
张国伟,张本仁,袁学诚,等.2001． 秦岭造山带与大陆动力学.北京:科学出版社,322～351．
中国岩石圈动力学图集编委会.1989． 中国岩石圈动力学图集.北京:中国地图出版社.
中国岩石圈动力学图集编委会.1991． 中国岩石圈动力学概论.北京:地震出版社.
朱文耀.2000． 基于ITRF96和ITRF97的全球板块运动模型.天文学报,44(3) :312～319．
Burchfiel B C, Zhang Peizhen, Wang Yipeng, et al. 1991． Geology of the Haiyuan fault zone, Ningxia Autonomous Region, China, and its relation to the evolution of the northeastern margin of the Tibet plateau. Tectonics, 10 (6) : 1091～1110．
Chen Shupeng. 1998． Earth System Science. Beijing: China Science & Technology Press, 1072～1073 (in Chinese).
Deng Qidong, Chen Shaoping, Ming Wei, et al. 1999． Discussion on Cenozoic tectonics and dynamics of Ordos blork. Journal of Geomechanics, 5 (3) : 13～21 (in Chinese with English abstract).
Deng Qidong, Liao Yuha. 1996． Paleoseismology along the range-front of Helan Mountains, North Central China. JGR, 101 (B3) : 5873～5894．
Editorial Board for Lithospheric Dynamics Atlas of China, State Seismological Bureau. 1989． Lithospheric Dynamics Atlas of China. Beijing: China Cartographic Publishing House, 20～21 (in Chinese with English abstract).
Fang Jian, Xu Houze. 2001． Three dimensional distribution of lithospheric density beneath the China and its adjacent region. Study on the recent deformation and dynamics of the lithosphere of Qinghai-Xizang Plateau. Beijing: The Seismological Press, 193～198 (in Chinese with English abstract).
Huang K, Opdyke N D. 1993． Palemagnetic results from Cretaceous and Jurassic rocks of south and southwest Yunnan: evidence for large clockwise rotations in the Indo-China and Shan-Thai--Malay terranes. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 117: 507～524．
Huang Liren, Yang Guohua, Hu Huimin. 1992． A Unified Isostatic Datum and Its Application in Sea Level Change Research. Science in China (Series B), 35 (11) : 1365～1373．
Huang Liren, Wang Min. 2000． Recent Crustal Horizontal Movement in Mainland China. Acta Seismonica Sinica, 22 (3) : 257～262 (in Chinese with English abstract).
Institute of Geology, China Seismological Bureau. 1994． The Recent Study on Earth Dynamics and Its Practice. Beijing: The Seismological Press, 222～227 (in Chinese with English abstract).
Li Qinghe, Guo Shounian, Lu Dehui. 1999． The Deep Structures of the Western and Southwestern Ordos. Beijing: The Seismological Press, 1～257 (in Chinese with English abstract).
Ma Xingyuan. 1989． The Map of Lithospheric Dynamics of China and Adjacent Oceans. Beijing: The Geological Press (in Chinese with English abstract).
Ma Zongjin. 1990． The seismic division of Chinese continent and its dynamics. The International Symposium of the Tectonic Evolution and Dynamics of the Continental Lithosphere. The Corpus of the Third National Structural Geology Meeting (Ⅱ). Beijing: Science Press, 86～95 (in Chinese with English abstract).
Ma Zongjin, Zhang Jiasheng, Wang Yipeng. 2001． Differences of the structure and Neotectonic movement in the west and the east part of the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau-Review on inhomogeneous deformation in the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau. Study on the recent deformation and dynamics of the lithosphere of Qinghai-Xizang Plateau. Beijing: The Seismological Press, 75～87 (in Chinese with English abstract).
Ratschbacher L, Frisch W, Chen C, Pan G. 1996． Cenozoic deformation, rotation, and stress patterns in easte Tibet and western Sichuan, China. In: Yin A, Harrison T M, ed. The Tectonic Evolution of China. New York: Cambridge Univ. Press, 227～249．
Royden L H, Burchifiel B C, King R W, et al. 1997． Surface deformation and lower crustal flow in eastern Tibet. Science, 276: 788～790．
Song Fangming, Wang yipeng, Yu Weixian, et al. 1998, The Xiaojiang Active Fault Zone. Beijing: The Seismological Press, 1～237 (in Chinese with English abstract).
The Compilation Committee of the Atlas of Lithospheric Dynamics of China. 1991． The conspectus of lithospheric dynamics of China. Beijing: The Seismological Press (in Chinese with English abstract).
The Science, Technology and Monitoring Department of China Seismological Bureau. 1989． The Study on the Fatalness of Recent Strong Earthquakes. Beijing: The Seismological Press, 380 (in Chinese).
Wang E, Burchifiel B C. 1997． Interpretation of Cenozoic tectonics in the right-lateral accommodation zone between the Ailaoshan shear zone and the eastern Himalaya syntaxis. Int. Geol. Rev., 39: 191～219．
Wang E, Burchifiel B C, Royden L H, Chen Z, Chen J, et al. 1998． Late Cenozoic Xiang shuihe-Xiaojiang, Red River, and Dali fault systems of southwestern Sichuan and central Yunnan,China. Geol. Soc. Am. Spec. Pap., 327: 1～108．
Xiong Xiong. Relationship between eastward mass flow of Qinghai-Xizang Plateau and lithospheric strength structure. Study on the Recent Deformation and Dynamics of the Lithosphere of Qinghai-Xizang Plateau. Bejing: The Seismologcal Press, 177～184 (in Chinese with English abstract).
Ye Shuhua, Huang Cheng. 2000． Astro-Geodynimics. Jinan: Shandong Science Technique Press, 283～312 (in Chinese).
Zhang Guowei, Zhang Benreng, Yuan Xuecheng, et al. 2001． Qiqnling Orogenic Belt and Continental Dynamics. Beijing: Science Press, 322～351 (in Chinese with English abstract).
Zhang Peizhen, Burchfiel B C, Molnar P, et al. 1991． Amount and style of late Cenozoic deformation in the Liupanshan area, Ningxia Autonomous Region, China. Tectonics, 10 (6 ): 1111～1129．
Zhu Wenyao, Han Jilong, Ma Wenzhang. 2000． Global plate motion models based on ITRF96 and ITRF97． Acta Astronomica Sinica, 41 (3) : 312～319 (in Chinese with English abstract).
邓起东,程绍平,闵伟,等.1999． 鄂尔多斯块体新生代构造活动和动力学的讨论.地质力学学报,5(3) :13～21
方剑,许厚泽.2001． 中国及邻区岩石层密度三维结构,青藏高原岩石圈现今变形与动力学.北京:地震出版社,193～198．
国家地震局科技监测司.1989． 近期强震危险性研究.北京:地震出版社,380．
国家地震局地质研究所.1994． 现今地球动力学研究及其应用.北京:地震出版社,222～227．
黄立人,等.1991． 统一均衡基准及其在海面变化研究中的应用.中国科学(B辑),979～984．
黄立人,王敏.2000． 中国大陆现今地壳水平运动.地震学报,22(3) :257～262．
李清河,郭守年,吕德徽.1999． 鄂尔多斯西缘与西南缘深部结构与构造.北京:地震出版社,1～257．
马杏垣.1989． 中国及邻近海域岩石圈动力学图.北京;地质出版社.
马宗晋.1990． 中国大陆地震分区及其动力学讨论.国际大陆岩石圈构造演化与动力学讨论会,第三届全国构造地质会议论文选集(Ⅱ).北京:科学出版杜,86～95．
马宗晋,张家声,汪一鹏.2001． 青藏高原地壳结构和新构造运动的东西差异-论青藏高原构造变动的非均一性.青藏高原岩石圈现今变动与动力学.北京:地震出版社,75～87．
宋方敏,汪一鹏,俞维贤,等.1998． 小江活动断裂带.北京:地震出版社,1～237．
熊熊.2001． 青藏高原物质东流与岩石强度的关系.青藏高原岩石圈现今变形与动力学.北京:地震出版社,177～184．
叶叔华,黄珹.2000． 天文地球动力学.济南:山东科学技术出版社,308～312．
张国伟,张本仁,袁学诚,等.2001． 秦岭造山带与大陆动力学.北京:科学出版社,322～351．
中国岩石圈动力学图集编委会.1989． 中国岩石圈动力学图集.北京:中国地图出版社.
中国岩石圈动力学图集编委会.1991． 中国岩石圈动力学概论.北京:地震出版社.
朱文耀.2000． 基于ITRF96和ITRF97的全球板块运动模型.天文学报,44(3) :312～319．
Burchfiel B C, Zhang Peizhen, Wang Yipeng, et al. 1991． Geology of the Haiyuan fault zone, Ningxia Autonomous Region, China, and its relation to the evolution of the northeastern margin of the Tibet plateau. Tectonics, 10 (6) : 1091～1110．
Chen Shupeng. 1998． Earth System Science. Beijing: China Science & Technology Press, 1072～1073 (in Chinese).
Deng Qidong, Chen Shaoping, Ming Wei, et al. 1999． Discussion on Cenozoic tectonics and dynamics of Ordos blork. Journal of Geomechanics, 5 (3) : 13～21 (in Chinese with English abstract).
Deng Qidong, Liao Yuha. 1996． Paleoseismology along the range-front of Helan Mountains, North Central China. JGR, 101 (B3) : 5873～5894．
Editorial Board for Lithospheric Dynamics Atlas of China, State Seismological Bureau. 1989． Lithospheric Dynamics Atlas of China. Beijing: China Cartographic Publishing House, 20～21 (in Chinese with English abstract).
Fang Jian, Xu Houze. 2001． Three dimensional distribution of lithospheric density beneath the China and its adjacent region. Study on the recent deformation and dynamics of the lithosphere of Qinghai-Xizang Plateau. Beijing: The Seismological Press, 193～198 (in Chinese with English abstract).
Huang K, Opdyke N D. 1993． Palemagnetic results from Cretaceous and Jurassic rocks of south and southwest Yunnan: evidence for large clockwise rotations in the Indo-China and Shan-Thai--Malay terranes. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 117: 507～524．
Huang Liren, Yang Guohua, Hu Huimin. 1992． A Unified Isostatic Datum and Its Application in Sea Level Change Research. Science in China (Series B), 35 (11) : 1365～1373．
Huang Liren, Wang Min. 2000． Recent Crustal Horizontal Movement in Mainland China. Acta Seismonica Sinica, 22 (3) : 257～262 (in Chinese with English abstract).
Institute of Geology, China Seismological Bureau. 1994． The Recent Study on Earth Dynamics and Its Practice. Beijing: The Seismological Press, 222～227 (in Chinese with English abstract).
Li Qinghe, Guo Shounian, Lu Dehui. 1999． The Deep Structures of the Western and Southwestern Ordos. Beijing: The Seismological Press, 1～257 (in Chinese with English abstract).
Ma Xingyuan. 1989． The Map of Lithospheric Dynamics of China and Adjacent Oceans. Beijing: The Geological Press (in Chinese with English abstract).
Ma Zongjin. 1990． The seismic division of Chinese continent and its dynamics. The International Symposium of the Tectonic Evolution and Dynamics of the Continental Lithosphere. The Corpus of the Third National Structural Geology Meeting (Ⅱ). Beijing: Science Press, 86～95 (in Chinese with English abstract).
Ma Zongjin, Zhang Jiasheng, Wang Yipeng. 2001． Differences of the structure and Neotectonic movement in the west and the east part of the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau-Review on inhomogeneous deformation in the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau. Study on the recent deformation and dynamics of the lithosphere of Qinghai-Xizang Plateau. Beijing: The Seismological Press, 75～87 (in Chinese with English abstract).
Ratschbacher L, Frisch W, Chen C, Pan G. 1996． Cenozoic deformation, rotation, and stress patterns in easte Tibet and western Sichuan, China. In: Yin A, Harrison T M, ed. The Tectonic Evolution of China. New York: Cambridge Univ. Press, 227～249．
Royden L H, Burchifiel B C, King R W, et al. 1997． Surface deformation and lower crustal flow in eastern Tibet. Science, 276: 788～790．
Song Fangming, Wang yipeng, Yu Weixian, et al. 1998, The Xiaojiang Active Fault Zone. Beijing: The Seismological Press, 1～237 (in Chinese with English abstract).
The Compilation Committee of the Atlas of Lithospheric Dynamics of China. 1991． The conspectus of lithospheric dynamics of China. Beijing: The Seismological Press (in Chinese with English abstract).
The Science, Technology and Monitoring Department of China Seismological Bureau. 1989． The Study on the Fatalness of Recent Strong Earthquakes. Beijing: The Seismological Press, 380 (in Chinese).
Wang E, Burchifiel B C. 1997． Interpretation of Cenozoic tectonics in the right-lateral accommodation zone between the Ailaoshan shear zone and the eastern Himalaya syntaxis. Int. Geol. Rev., 39: 191～219．
Wang E, Burchifiel B C, Royden L H, Chen Z, Chen J, et al. 1998． Late Cenozoic Xiang shuihe-Xiaojiang, Red River, and Dali fault systems of southwestern Sichuan and central Yunnan,China. Geol. Soc. Am. Spec. Pap., 327: 1～108．
Xiong Xiong. Relationship between eastward mass flow of Qinghai-Xizang Plateau and lithospheric strength structure. Study on the Recent Deformation and Dynamics of the Lithosphere of Qinghai-Xizang Plateau. Bejing: The Seismologcal Press, 177～184 (in Chinese with English abstract).
Ye Shuhua, Huang Cheng. 2000． Astro-Geodynimics. Jinan: Shandong Science Technique Press, 283～312 (in Chinese).
Zhang Guowei, Zhang Benreng, Yuan Xuecheng, et al. 2001． Qiqnling Orogenic Belt and Continental Dynamics. Beijing: Science Press, 322～351 (in Chinese with English abstract).
Zhang Peizhen, Burchfiel B C, Molnar P, et al. 1991． Amount and style of late Cenozoic deformation in the Liupanshan area, Ningxia Autonomous Region, China. Tectonics, 10 (6 ): 1111～1129．
Zhu Wenyao, Han Jilong, Ma Wenzhang. 2000． Global plate motion models based on ITRF96 and ITRF97． Acta Astronomica Sinica, 41 (3) : 312～319 (in Chinese with English abstract).
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