保幅偏移中的权函数
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摘要
确定合适的权函数是保幅偏移中非常关键的一个环节.在保幅偏移的过程中,进行绕射加权叠加,可以校正由于波的几何扩散引起的振幅损失,从而使地震偏移结果更为真实地反映地下界面的反射系数.本文对国内外已有的几种主要计算权函数的方法进行了整理和回顾,并分别论述了这几个权函数的适用范围和条件.通过这些对比,我们就能够根据不同情况,选择合适的权函数,从而更好的恢复出偏移剖面的反射系数.
Selecting the suitable weight functions is a key step for amplitude-preserving migration.Applying weight function to the diffraction stack,we can compensate the loss in amplitude that is caused by geometrical spreading.Then the seismic migration results can describe reflector more clearly.This paper reviews several main methods of computing weight functions and analyzes the range and conditions of them.Through such comparing,we can choose proper weight functions according to different situations to image reflectivity better.
Selecting the suitable weight functions is a key step for amplitude-preserving migration.Applying weight function to the diffraction stack,we can compensate the loss in amplitude that is caused by geometrical spreading.Then the seismic migration results can describe reflector more clearly.This paper reviews several main methods of computing weight functions and analyzes the range and conditions of them.Through such comparing,we can choose proper weight functions according to different situations to image reflectivity better.
引文
[1]Ki D G,Coman R,Vanelle C.Amplitude preserving Kirchhoffmigration:A traveltime based strategy,Institude of AGeo-physics,University of Hamburg,Bundesstr.55,20146 Ham-burg.
[2]王有新,史正军,李少英.深度偏移的发展与应用概况[J].石油地球物理勘探,1994,29(4):526~531.
[3]Keho T H,Beydoun W B.Paraxial ray kirchhoff migration[J].Geophysics,1988,53(12):1540~1546.
[4]Claerbout J.Towards a unified theory of reflector mapping[J].Geophysics,1971,36(3):467~481.
[5]Bleistain N.On the imaging of reflectors in the earth[J].Geo-physics,1987,52(7):931~942.
[6]Beylkin,G.Imaging of discontinuities in the inverse scatteringproblem by inversion of a causal generalized Radon transform[J].Journal of Mathematical Physics,1985,26:99~108.
[7]Cerveny V,deCastro M A.Application of dynamic ray tracingin the 3-D inversion of seismic reflection data[J].Geophys.J.Int.,1993,113:776~779.
[8]Schleicher J,Tyge M,Hubral P.3-D true-amplitude finite-offset migration[J].Geophysics,1993,58(8):1112~1126.
[9]孙建国.Kirrchhoff型真振幅偏移与反偏移[J].勘探地球物理进展,2002,25(6):1~5.
[10]Gardner G H f,French W S,Matzuk T.Elements of migra-tion and velocity analysis:Geophysics,1974,39,811~825.
[11]French W.Two-dimensional and three-dimensional migrationof model-experiment reflection profiles[J].Geophysics,1974,39:265~277.
[12]陈生昌,曹景忠,马在田.叠前地震数据的平面波深度偏移方法[J].地球物理学报,2003,46(6):821~826.
[13]陈生昌,曹景忠,马在田.混合域单程波传播算子及其在偏移成像中的应用[J].地球物理学进展,2003,18(2):210~217.
[14]陈志德,刘振宏,李成斌.高精度克希霍夫三维叠前深度偏移及并行实现[J].大庆石油地质与开发.2001,20(3):64~67.
[15]Cerveny V.The application of ray tracing to the numericalmodeling of seismic wavefields in complex structures,inDohr,G.,Ed.,seismic shear waves,Part A:Theory,Geo-physical Press:Number 15 in Handbook of Geophysical Ex-ploration,1985,1~124.
[16]Cohen J K,Hagin F G,Bleistein N,Three dimensional Borninversion with an arbitrary reference[J].Geophysics,1986,51:1552~1558.
[17]Miller D,Oristaglio M,Beylkin G.A new slant on seismicimaging:Migration and integral geometry[J].Geophysics,1987,52:943~964.
[18]Goldin S V.Dynamic analysis of images in seismics,in Sovietgeology and geophysics,Allerton Press,1987,28 no.2:84~93(geologiya I geofizika,28,no.2:90~98).
[19]Goldin S V.Method of discontinuities and theoretical prob-lems of migration:59th Ann.Internat.Mtg.,Soc.Expl.Geoph.,Expanded Abstracts,1989,1326~1328.
[20]Hubral P,Tygel M,Zien H.Three dimensional,true-ampli-tude zero-offset migration[J].Geophysics,1991,56:18~26.
[2]王有新,史正军,李少英.深度偏移的发展与应用概况[J].石油地球物理勘探,1994,29(4):526~531.
[3]Keho T H,Beydoun W B.Paraxial ray kirchhoff migration[J].Geophysics,1988,53(12):1540~1546.
[4]Claerbout J.Towards a unified theory of reflector mapping[J].Geophysics,1971,36(3):467~481.
[5]Bleistain N.On the imaging of reflectors in the earth[J].Geo-physics,1987,52(7):931~942.
[6]Beylkin,G.Imaging of discontinuities in the inverse scatteringproblem by inversion of a causal generalized Radon transform[J].Journal of Mathematical Physics,1985,26:99~108.
[7]Cerveny V,deCastro M A.Application of dynamic ray tracingin the 3-D inversion of seismic reflection data[J].Geophys.J.Int.,1993,113:776~779.
[8]Schleicher J,Tyge M,Hubral P.3-D true-amplitude finite-offset migration[J].Geophysics,1993,58(8):1112~1126.
[9]孙建国.Kirrchhoff型真振幅偏移与反偏移[J].勘探地球物理进展,2002,25(6):1~5.
[10]Gardner G H f,French W S,Matzuk T.Elements of migra-tion and velocity analysis:Geophysics,1974,39,811~825.
[11]French W.Two-dimensional and three-dimensional migrationof model-experiment reflection profiles[J].Geophysics,1974,39:265~277.
[12]陈生昌,曹景忠,马在田.叠前地震数据的平面波深度偏移方法[J].地球物理学报,2003,46(6):821~826.
[13]陈生昌,曹景忠,马在田.混合域单程波传播算子及其在偏移成像中的应用[J].地球物理学进展,2003,18(2):210~217.
[14]陈志德,刘振宏,李成斌.高精度克希霍夫三维叠前深度偏移及并行实现[J].大庆石油地质与开发.2001,20(3):64~67.
[15]Cerveny V.The application of ray tracing to the numericalmodeling of seismic wavefields in complex structures,inDohr,G.,Ed.,seismic shear waves,Part A:Theory,Geo-physical Press:Number 15 in Handbook of Geophysical Ex-ploration,1985,1~124.
[16]Cohen J K,Hagin F G,Bleistein N,Three dimensional Borninversion with an arbitrary reference[J].Geophysics,1986,51:1552~1558.
[17]Miller D,Oristaglio M,Beylkin G.A new slant on seismicimaging:Migration and integral geometry[J].Geophysics,1987,52:943~964.
[18]Goldin S V.Dynamic analysis of images in seismics,in Sovietgeology and geophysics,Allerton Press,1987,28 no.2:84~93(geologiya I geofizika,28,no.2:90~98).
[19]Goldin S V.Method of discontinuities and theoretical prob-lems of migration:59th Ann.Internat.Mtg.,Soc.Expl.Geoph.,Expanded Abstracts,1989,1326~1328.
[20]Hubral P,Tygel M,Zien H.Three dimensional,true-ampli-tude zero-offset migration[J].Geophysics,1991,56:18~26.
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