龙门山断裂带西南段晚第四纪活动性调查与分析
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摘要
基于高分辨率SPOT影像解译、关键地点的野外构造地貌调查和活动断裂测量以及错断沉积物的光释光测年(OSL),确定了龙门山断裂带西南段主要活动断裂的分布特征及其晚第四纪活动特征,发现后龙门山断裂带——五龙-冷碛镇断裂是一条晚更新世活动的右旋走滑断裂,没有明显的挤压逆冲活动形迹。根据次级断层的地层切割关系和沉积物测年结果,确定了沿该断裂带晚更新世两期走滑活动事件:一期发生在86～88ka,另一期发生在36～48ka。中央断裂带——双石-西岭断裂也具有右旋走滑活动特征,但其活动性相对较弱。这两条主要断裂在全新世没有明显的活动形迹,表明龙门山断裂带西南段构造活动性较弱。现今以中小地震为主,地震震源机制解显示以走滑应力机制占主导,与现今应力测量确定的逆冲应力状态不一致。这些观察和测试结果为龙门山断裂带西南段未来强震危险性评价提供了重要的依据。
The SW segment of the Longmenshan fault zone remains unruptured during the May,12,2008 Wenchuan earthquake.The question what could be the potential of seismic rupture of this segment has attracted a lot of attentions.This paper investigates Late Quaternary active faults and their kinematic behavior of the SW segment of the Longmenshan fault zone,based on high resolution SPOT imagery interpretation,field observations of active fault morphology and measurements of active faults,as well as stimulated luminescence dating(OSL)of Late Quaternary lacustrine and fans deposits.It is found that the back Longmenshan fault zone,namely the Wulong-Lengqi fault,is a Late Pleistocene dextral strike-slip fault,with no obvious evidence for reverse faulting.Two strike-slip events have been determined from the secondary faults and OSL dating results along this fault zone at two sites.The early one occurred in 86～88ka,and the late one in 36 ～48ka.The Central Longmenshan fault,namely the Shuangshi-Xiling fault,shows evidence for Late Quaternary right-slip motion,but the degree of its activity is relatively low along its SW segments and seems to be intensified northeastwards.Young colluvial fans and river terraces(T1,T2)across these two faults have not been offset,suggesting that the faults were not ruptured since the latest Pleistocene.Duo to the lack of offset markers,slip rate on these faults has not been firmly determined.The seismicity of this segment is characterized by low frequent,middle to small magnitude earthquakes,and the focal solution of earthquakes shows dominance of strike-slip faulting regime.This is not consistent with those determined by in situ stress measurements that show dominance of reverse faulting regime.These observations and results provide key appraisals for future assessment of earthquake hazards of the SW segment of the Longmenshan fault zone.
The SW segment of the Longmenshan fault zone remains unruptured during the May,12,2008 Wenchuan earthquake.The question what could be the potential of seismic rupture of this segment has attracted a lot of attentions.This paper investigates Late Quaternary active faults and their kinematic behavior of the SW segment of the Longmenshan fault zone,based on high resolution SPOT imagery interpretation,field observations of active fault morphology and measurements of active faults,as well as stimulated luminescence dating(OSL)of Late Quaternary lacustrine and fans deposits.It is found that the back Longmenshan fault zone,namely the Wulong-Lengqi fault,is a Late Pleistocene dextral strike-slip fault,with no obvious evidence for reverse faulting.Two strike-slip events have been determined from the secondary faults and OSL dating results along this fault zone at two sites.The early one occurred in 86～88ka,and the late one in 36 ～48ka.The Central Longmenshan fault,namely the Shuangshi-Xiling fault,shows evidence for Late Quaternary right-slip motion,but the degree of its activity is relatively low along its SW segments and seems to be intensified northeastwards.Young colluvial fans and river terraces(T1,T2)across these two faults have not been offset,suggesting that the faults were not ruptured since the latest Pleistocene.Duo to the lack of offset markers,slip rate on these faults has not been firmly determined.The seismicity of this segment is characterized by low frequent,middle to small magnitude earthquakes,and the focal solution of earthquakes shows dominance of strike-slip faulting regime.This is not consistent with those determined by in situ stress measurements that show dominance of reverse faulting regime.These observations and results provide key appraisals for future assessment of earthquake hazards of the SW segment of the Longmenshan fault zone.
引文
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2 Burchfiel B C,Royden L H,Van der Hilst R D et al.A geological and geophysical context for the Wenchuan earthquake of 12 May 2008,Sichuan,People's Republic of China.GSA Today,2008,18(7) :4-11
3 Xu Zhiqin,Ji Shaocheng,Li Haibing et al.Uplift of the Longmen Shan range and the Wenehuan earthquake.Episodes,2008,31 (3) : 291-301
4 Xu Xiwei,Wen Xueze,Yu Cuihua et al.Coseismic reverse-and oblique-slip surface faulting generated by the 2008 M_w 7． 9 Wenchuan earthquake,China.Geology,2009,37 (6) :515-518
5 徐锡伟,闻学泽,叶建青等.汶川M_S8． 0地震地表破裂及其发震构造.地震地质,2008,30(3) :597-629 Xu Xiwei,Wen Xueze,Ye Jianqing et al.The M_S8． 0 Wenchuan earthquake surface ruptures and its seismogenic structure.Seismology and Geology,2008,30 (3) :597-629
6 李海兵,付小方,Jerome Van Der Woerd等.汶川地震(M_S8． 0) 地表破裂及其同震右旋斜向逆冲作用.地质学报,2008,82(12) :1623-1643 Li Haibing,Fu Xiaofang,Jerome Van Der Woedrd et al.Co-seismic surface rupture and dextral-slip oblique thrusting of the M_S8,0 Wenchuan earthquake.Acta Geologica Sinica,2008,82 (12) :1623-1643
7 李海兵,司家亮,付小方等.2008年汶川地震同震滑移特征、最大滑移量及构造意义.第四纪研究,2009,29(3) :387-402 Li Haibing,Si Jialiang,Fu Xiaofang et al.Co-seismic rupture and maximum displacement of the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake and its tectonic implications.Quaternary Sciences,2009,29 (3) :387-402
8 刘静,孙杰,张智慧等.汶川地震映秀-北川地表破裂带虹口乡段精细填图、位移特征和地震构造分析.第四纪研究,2010,30(1) :1-29 Liu Jing,Sun Jie,Zhang Zhihui et al.Detailed mapping of surface rupture of the Wenchuan M_S8． 0 earthquake near Hongkou and seismotectonic implications.Quaternary Sciences,2010,30 (1) :1-29
9 刘静,张智慧,文力等.汶川8级大地震同震破裂的特殊性及构造意义--多条平行断裂同时活动的反序型逆冲地震事件.地质学报,2008,82(12) :1707-1722 Liu Jing,Zhang Zhihui,Wen Li et al.The M_S8． 0 Wenchuan earthquake co-seismic rupture and its tcctonic implications--An out-of-sequence thrusting event with slip partitioned on multiple faults.Acta Geologica Sinias,2008,82 (12) :1707-1722
10 李勇,黄润秋,Densmore A L等.龙门山彭县-灌县断裂的活动构造与地表破裂.第四纪研究,2009,29(3) :403-415 Li Yong,Huang Runqiu,Densmore A L et al.Active tectonics an surface rupture of the Pengxian-Guanxian fault,Longmen Mountain Sichuan China.Ouaternary Sciences.2009,29 (3) :403-415
11 李勇,周荣军,Densmore A L等.映秀-北川断裂的地表破裂与变形特征.地质学报,2008,82(12) :1688-1702 Li Yong,Zhou Rongjun,Densmore A L et al.Surface rupture and deformation of the Yingxiu-Beichuan fault by the Wenchuan earthquake.Acta Geologica Sinica,2008,82 (12) :1688-1702
12 张培震,徐锡伟,闻学泽等.2008年汶川8． 0级地震发震断裂的滑动速率、复发周期和构造成因.地球物理学报,2008,51(4) :1066-1073 Zhang Peizhen,Xu Xiwei,Wen Xueze et al.Slip rates and recurrence intervals of the Longmen Shan active fault zone,and tectonic implications for the mechanism of the May 12 Wenchuan earthquake,2008,Sichuan,China.Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2008,51(4) :1066-1073
13 Huang Yuan,Wu Jianping,Zhang Tianzhong et al.Relocation of the M8． 0 Wenchuan earthquake and its aftershock sequence.Science in China (Series D),2008,51(12) :1703-1711
14 Zhang Yong,Feng Wanpeng,Xu Lisheng et al.Spatio-temporal rupture process of the 2008 great Wenchuan earthquake.Science in China (Series D),2009,52(2) :145-154
15 蒋明先.龙门山地震带的大震系列--关于四川汶川8． 0级大震的预报探讨.防灾科技学院学报,2009,11(1) :133-135 Jiang Mingxian.The series of large earthquakes in the Chinese Longmenshan Mountain.Journal of Institute of Disaster-Prevention Science and Technology,2009,11 (1) :133-135
16 邓起东,陈社发,赵小麟.龙门山及其邻区的构造和地震活动及动力学.地震地质,1994,16(4) :389-403 Deng Qidong,Chen Shefa,Zhao Xiaolin.Tectonics,seismicity and dynamics of Longmenshan Mountains and its adjacent regions.Seismology and Geology,1994,16 (4) :389-403
17 赵小麟,邓起东,陈社发.龙门山逆断裂带中段的构造地貌学研究.地震地质,1994,16(4) :422-428 Zhao Xiaolin,Deng Qidong,Chen Shefa.Tectonic geomorphology of the central segment of the Longmenshan thrust belt,Western Sichuan,South Western China.Seismology and Geology,1994,16(4) :422-428
18 李勇,周荣军,Densmore A L等.青藏高原东缘龙门山晚新生代走滑-逆冲作用的地貌标志.第四纪研究,2006,26(1) :40-51 Li Yong,Zhou Rongjun,Densmore A L et al.Geomorphic evidence for the Late Cenozoic strike-slipping and thrusting in Longmen Mountain at the eastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau.Quaternary Sciences,2006,26(1) :40-51
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