数字检波器在地震勘探中的应用效果
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摘要
随着地震勘探精度的要求和发展,对地震仪器和检波器的要求也不断提高,只有接收到来自地下的有效反射信号,尤其是深层的高频弱反射信号,才能通过室内处理达到提高勘探精度的目的。数字检波器具有直接输出数字、高保真矢量场、感应器倾斜校正等特点,其动态范围与目前最先进的地震仪器相匹配,对来自地下的地震波没有改造,真实地记录了地震波的特性。针对数字检波器的特性进行了系统试验,通过试验效果分析认为:在信噪比方面,单个数字检波器与单个普通检波器无明显的差别,但单个数字检波器的信噪比明显低于多个普通检波器组合的信噪比;在能量方面,单个数字检波器的能量相当于多个普通检波器组合的能量;在频率方面,教字检波器比普通检波器的频带宽,可以预测,数字检波器将广泛地应用于高分辨率地震勘探中。
With the development of high-resolution seismic technique,the quality of instruments such as geophones must also be improved.If only there is primary reflection from the subsurface,particularly the relatively high frequency primary reflections from the deep surface,the office processing will continue.Al- though the dynamic range of a digital geophone is the same as that of the currently applied geophone,it doesn't change the signal and preserves the true signal.With the experiments on digital geophones,we find,the difference between a single digital geophone and a universal one is not obvious,and the signal/ noise ratio is lower than that of the universal geophone array,but the frequency band of the digital geo- phone is superior to the universal one,so is the energy.The data recorded by the digital geophones can be improved with office array in the signal/noise ratio aspect without its frequency band affected.From the entire seismic section,we also conclude that the resolution of'the digital geophone is better than that of the universal geophone.
With the development of high-resolution seismic technique,the quality of instruments such as geophones must also be improved.If only there is primary reflection from the subsurface,particularly the relatively high frequency primary reflections from the deep surface,the office processing will continue.Al- though the dynamic range of a digital geophone is the same as that of the currently applied geophone,it doesn't change the signal and preserves the true signal.With the experiments on digital geophones,we find,the difference between a single digital geophone and a universal one is not obvious,and the signal/ noise ratio is lower than that of the universal geophone array,but the frequency band of the digital geo- phone is superior to the universal one,so is the energy.The data recorded by the digital geophones can be improved with office array in the signal/noise ratio aspect without its frequency band affected.From the entire seismic section,we also conclude that the resolution of'the digital geophone is better than that of the universal geophone.
引文
[1]梁运基，李桂林．陆上高分辨率地震勘探检波器性能及参数选择分析[J]．石油物探，2005，44(6)：640—644．[LIANG Yun-ji，LI Gui-lin.The geophone property and preference in land high- resolution seismic survey[J].Geophysical Prospecting of Pe- troleum,2005,44(6):640-644.]
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[5]Byerley G,Clausen C,Tessman J.Ekofisk VectorSeis test:Im- provements in vector fidelity of 4C seismic data[C].73th An- nual Internat SEG Mtg,Expanded Abstracts,2003:813-816.
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[8]Maxwell P,Tessman J,Reichert B.Design through to produc- tion of MEMS digital accelerometer for seismic acquisition[J]. First Break,2001,19(3):141-143.
[9]Mougenot D.How digital sensers compare to geophones[C]. Expanded Abstracts of ~(74)th Annual Internat SEG Mtg,2004:5- 8.
[2]王增明．地震采集中检波器自然频率的试验分析[J]．石油地球物理勘探，2003，38(3)：308-316．[WANG Zeng-ming．Test and analysis of geophone's free frequency in seismic acquisition [J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2003,38(3):308-316.]
[3]黄中玉，谈大龙，徐亦鸣．三分量数字检波器在ZY油田应用效果分析[J]．地球物理学进展，2006，21(1)：173—178．[HUANG Zhong-yu,TAN Da-long,XU Yi-ming.Application analysis of three-component digital sensor in ZY oil field[J].Progress in Geophysis,2006,21(1):173-178.]
[4]张丙和，崔樵，裴云广．新型三分量数字检波DSU3[J]．石油仪器,2005,19(4):39-40.[ZHANG Bing-he,CUI Qiao,PEI Yun- guang.New three-component-DSU3[J].Petroleum Instru- ment,2005,19(4):39-40.]
[5]Byerley G,Clausen C,Tessman J.Ekofisk VectorSeis test:Im- provements in vector fidelity of 4C seismic data[C].73th An- nual Internat SEG Mtg,Expanded Abstracts,2003:813-816.
[6]Denis Mougenot.How digital sensors compare to geophones [C]//Expanded Abstracts CPS/SEG,International Geophysi- cal Conference Volume I,2004.
[7]叶卸良．新一代数字地震检波器及与之配套的中央记录系统[J]．物探装备，2002，12(2)：77-84．[YE Xie-liang．New genera—tion digital seismic geophone and new central recording system [J].Equipment of Geophysical Prospenting,2002,12(2):77- 84.]
[8]Maxwell P,Tessman J,Reichert B.Design through to produc- tion of MEMS digital accelerometer for seismic acquisition[J]. First Break,2001,19(3):141-143.
[9]Mougenot D.How digital sensers compare to geophones[C]. Expanded Abstracts of ~(74)th Annual Internat SEG Mtg,2004:5- 8.
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