734年天水7级地震考证与发震构造分析
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摘要
根据历史地震资料的考证结果,734年天水地震的极震区位于秦州中都督府、麦积都尉一带,今天水市秦城区、北道区和麦积山一带,震中烈度达Ⅹ度,震级71/2级左右。其等震线长轴方向为NW向,大致与西秦岭北缘断裂带的甘谷-武山断裂段相吻合,极震区正好位于甘谷-武山断裂段的东端。综合分析认为,734年天水71/2级地震的发震构造为西秦岭北缘断裂带的甘谷-武山断裂段东端。
Tianshui area locates at the northeastern margin of Qinghai-Tibetan plateau and the middle segment of the north margin of western Qinling tectonic zone.In history,several strong destructive earthquakes happened in the area.Because of the very long history and that the historical records are not quite clear,it is very difficult to study them in nowadays,and most of them became historical knotty problems.The Tianshui earthquake in 734 AD is one of the large earthquakes.On March 23,734 AD,a large earthquake happened in Qinzhou of Tang Dynasty,now the vicinity of Tianshui City,causing serious seismic disasters as “the earth ruptured and closed again,nearly all the houses damaged,about 4000 people dead,hills changed into valleys,and towns covered by landslip,and so on”.According to the detail textual research of the historical earthquake records,the meizoseismal area of the 734 AD Tianshui earthquake is in the Qinzhou and Maiji area,now,the Qincheng,Beidao and Maijishan area of Tianshui City.The epicenter intensity is about Ⅹ,the magnitude is about M 71/2.The direction of long axis of isoseismal line is NW,consistent with the strike of the eastern segment of Wushan-Gangu Fault of the northern margin of western Qinling active fault zone.The meizoseismal area is just in the step-over zone between the left-lateral strike-slip faults,i.e.the Tianshui-Baoji Fault and the Gangu-Wushan Fault,an area prone to strong earthquake.Comprehensive analysis indicates that the causative structure of the 734 M71/2 Tianshui earthquake is the east segment of the Gangu-Wushan Fault of the northern margin of western Qinling active fault zone.
Tianshui area locates at the northeastern margin of Qinghai-Tibetan plateau and the middle segment of the north margin of western Qinling tectonic zone.In history,several strong destructive earthquakes happened in the area.Because of the very long history and that the historical records are not quite clear,it is very difficult to study them in nowadays,and most of them became historical knotty problems.The Tianshui earthquake in 734 AD is one of the large earthquakes.On March 23,734 AD,a large earthquake happened in Qinzhou of Tang Dynasty,now the vicinity of Tianshui City,causing serious seismic disasters as “the earth ruptured and closed again,nearly all the houses damaged,about 4000 people dead,hills changed into valleys,and towns covered by landslip,and so on”.According to the detail textual research of the historical earthquake records,the meizoseismal area of the 734 AD Tianshui earthquake is in the Qinzhou and Maiji area,now,the Qincheng,Beidao and Maijishan area of Tianshui City.The epicenter intensity is about Ⅹ,the magnitude is about M 71/2.The direction of long axis of isoseismal line is NW,consistent with the strike of the eastern segment of Wushan-Gangu Fault of the northern margin of western Qinling active fault zone.The meizoseismal area is just in the step-over zone between the left-lateral strike-slip faults,i.e.the Tianshui-Baoji Fault and the Gangu-Wushan Fault,an area prone to strong earthquake.Comprehensive analysis indicates that the causative structure of the 734 M71/2 Tianshui earthquake is the east segment of the Gangu-Wushan Fault of the northern margin of western Qinling active fault zone.
引文
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国家地震局地球物理研究所,复旦大学中国历史地理研究所.1982.中国历史地图集(远古至元时期)[Z].北京:地图出版社.Institute of Geophysics,SSB,Institute of Chinese Historical Geography,Fudan University.1982.Historical geographymaps in China(From ancient time to Yuan Dynasty)[Z].Cartographic Publishing house,Beijing(in Chinese).
国家地震局兰州地震研究所.1985.陕甘宁青四省(区)强地震目录[Z].西安:陕西科技出版社.Lanzhou Institute of Seismology,SSB.1985.Catalogue of strong earthquakes in Shaanxi,Gansu,Ningxia and QinghaiProvinces or region[Z].Shaanxi scientific and technological press,Xi an(in Chinese).
国家地震局兰州地震研究所.1989.甘肃省地震资料汇编[Z].北京:地震出版社.Lanzhou Institute of Seismology,SSB.1989.Summary of the Gansu historical earthquake records[Z].Seismologicalpress,Beijing(in Chinese).
国家地震局震害防御司.1995.中国历史强震目录[Z].北京:地震出版社.Earthquake disaster prevention department,SSB.1995.Catalogue of Chinese strong historical earthquakes[Z].Seismo-logical press,Beijing(in Chinese).
李传友.2005.青藏高原东北部几条主要断裂带的定量研究[D]:[学位论文].北京:中国地震局地质研究所.LI Chuan-you.2005.Quantitative study on major active fault zones in northeastern Qinghai-Tibet[D].Ph D thesis.Institute of Geology,China Seismological Bureau,Beijing(in Chinese).
清水县志编纂委员会.2001.清水县志[Z].西安:陕西人民出版社.Committee of chorography of Qingshui county.2001.Qingshui county annals[Z].Shaanxi people press,Xi an(in Chi-nese).
静宁县志编纂委员会.1993.静宁县志[Z].兰州:甘肃人民出版社.Committee of chorography of Jingning county.1993.Jingning county annals[Z].Gansu people press,Lanzhou(inChinese).
天水市志编纂委员会.2004.天水市志[Z].北京:方志出版社.Committee of chorography of Tianshui city.2004.Tianshui city annals[Z].Fangzhi press,Beijing(in Chinese).
滕瑞增,金瑶泉,李西候,等.1994.西秦岭北缘断裂带新活动特征[J].西北地震学报,16(2):85—90.TENG Rui-zeng,JIN Yao-quan,LI Xi-hou,et al.1994.The new activity features of the northern margin of westernQinling fault zone[J].Northwestern Seismological Journal,16(2):85—90(in Chinese).
闫文儒.1984.麦积山石窟[M].兰州:甘肃人民出版社.YAN Wen-ru.1984.Meijishan grotto[M].Gansu people press,Lanzhou(in Chinese).
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