2001年1月强震的前兆次声波测量及机理探讨
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摘要
频谱分析结果表明 :(1) 2 0 0 1年 1月 (含两次 8级地震 )的测量结果与 1999年 1月～ 7月、 2 0 0 0年 4月～ 2 0 0 1年 4月观测结果具有相同的规律 ,强地震前约 10天内常能测到振幅很强、方向可测的地震前兆次声波。其三维动态频谱的典型特点是振幅由弱 (10Pa～ 2 0Pa)变强 (80Pa以上 ) ;最后的周期范围很宽 (2分～ 6 5分 ) ;波形明显不同于流星雨次声和大风次声。 (2 )强震前兆次声三维动态频谱的最大振幅不仅受震级大小影响 ,而且与震源距离及深度等其它因素都有关。 (3)强震前长周期波的产生机理 ,主要有断层预滑理论、断裂预扩展理论和流体撞击假说 ,而前兆次声波很可能是由地壳中的长周期波耦合到空气中形成。 (4 )岩石破裂实验证实主破裂前在岩石表面和空气中均收到较强的低频波。 (5 )若在北京和昆明各建足够大的三点阵测准波向 ,两直线相交 ,即可预测国内的震中位置 ,这就可能为临震预报提供一种较有效的新方法
The results of 3-D dynamic frequency spectra showed that:(1)about 10days before the occurrence of the strong earthquake,the precursory infrasound of earthquake with strong amplitude and measurable direction can often be observed.The spectrum characteristics is that the amplitude of precursory infrasound vary from weak(10-20Pa)to strong(40-80Pa) or even stronger,and their periods finally become very wide(2-65min).Their waveforms are distinctly different from that of meteor shower and strong wind.(2)The maximal amplitude of the precursory infrasound measured is not only related to the magnitude of earthquake,but also to the distance,depth of epicenter and other factors.(3)The generating mechanism of the long-period waves before earthquakes includes theory of pre-slip of faults,pre-propagation of fracture and hypothesis of liquid-impact.Precursory infrasonic waves could come from coupling of long-period waves in crust to atmosphere.(4)Experiments of rock fracture verified that strong low frequency wave could be received both on the surface of rocks and in the air before the main fracture.(5)If the directions of remote two tripartite arrays intersect,the location of epicenter will be obtained.So the measurements of the precursory infrasound could become a new and more effective method of the imminent prediction of a strong earthquake.
The results of 3-D dynamic frequency spectra showed that:(1)about 10days before the occurrence of the strong earthquake,the precursory infrasound of earthquake with strong amplitude and measurable direction can often be observed.The spectrum characteristics is that the amplitude of precursory infrasound vary from weak(10-20Pa)to strong(40-80Pa) or even stronger,and their periods finally become very wide(2-65min).Their waveforms are distinctly different from that of meteor shower and strong wind.(2)The maximal amplitude of the precursory infrasound measured is not only related to the magnitude of earthquake,but also to the distance,depth of epicenter and other factors.(3)The generating mechanism of the long-period waves before earthquakes includes theory of pre-slip of faults,pre-propagation of fracture and hypothesis of liquid-impact.Precursory infrasonic waves could come from coupling of long-period waves in crust to atmosphere.(4)Experiments of rock fracture verified that strong low frequency wave could be received both on the surface of rocks and in the air before the main fracture.(5)If the directions of remote two tripartite arrays intersect,the location of epicenter will be obtained.So the measurements of the precursory infrasound could become a new and more effective method of the imminent prediction of a strong earthquake.
引文
〔1〕苏,苏骁.强地震临震预报的前兆次声测量研究.石油大学学报,2000,24(6):106-112
〔2〕苏,田维.2000年4月强地震的前兆次声波测量研究.中国科技发展经典文库,北京:中国科学技术出版社,2001.上册:549-551
〔3〕FangSu,WeiTian.MeasureandstudyofprecursoryinfrasonicwavesofstrongearthquakesinMay2000.JournalofLowFrequencyNoise,VibrationandActiveControl,2001.20(4):1-13
〔4〕苏,田维.2000年7-9月强地震的前兆次声波测量研究.地震研究,2002,25(1):11-19
〔5〕FangSu,WeiTian.MeasureandstudyofprecursoryinfrasonicwavesofstrongearthquakesfromOct.toDec.2000.PetroleumScience,2001,4(3):8-18
〔6〕苏,田维.2001年2-4月强地震的前兆次声波测量研究.地球物理学进展,2001,16(4):61-70
〔7〕苏,苏骁.1998年11月17日狮子座流星雨的次声观测.应用声学,2000,19(3):1-6
〔8〕谢金来,谢照华.1993年7月2日日本北海道地震次声波.声学学报,1996,21(1):55-61
〔9〕苏,田维,4～8大风的次声波三维动态频谱测量研究.石油大学学报,2002,26(1):108-111
〔10〕RiceJR .,RuinaAL .Stabilityofsteadyfrictionalslipping.JApplMech,1983,50:343-349.
〔11〕DieterichJH .Time-dependentfrictionandthemechanicsofstick-slip.PureApplGeophys,1978,116:790-806
〔12〕DieterichJH .Earthquakenucleationonfaultswithrateandstatedependentstrength.Tectonophysics,1992,211:115-134
〔13〕OhnakaM .Earthquakesourcenucleation:aphysicalmodelforshort-termprecursors.Tectonophysics,1992,211:149-178
〔14〕冯德益,潘琴龙,郑斯华等.长周期形变波及其所反应的短期和临震地震前兆.地震学报,1984,6(1):41-56
〔15〕李世愚,刘万琴,郑治真等.房山矿震震前井下长周期事件记录的分析.见:中国地震学会第七次学术大会论文摘要集.北京:地震出版社,1998.120
〔16〕郑永飞主编.化学地球动力学.北京:科学出版社,1999.5,a)168,;b)91;c)24-25
〔17〕屠焰,赵树卿.奇异的次声.北京:科学出版社,1979.a)40-42;b)42-45;c)16-17;d)49-51;e)3
〔18〕HillDP ,FischerLahrKMandCoakleyJM .Earthquakesoundsgeneratedbybody-wavesgroundmotion.Bull.Seism.Soc.Am.,1976,66(4):1157-1172
〔19〕李建国,刘祖沅,陈献程.浙江湖南镇水库1982年5月22日3.1级地震序列的近场地声观测和初步研究.地震学报,1985,7(3):314-324
〔20〕何祚镛,赵玉芳.声学理论基础.北京:国防工业出版社,1981.67-70
〔2〕苏,田维.2000年4月强地震的前兆次声波测量研究.中国科技发展经典文库,北京:中国科学技术出版社,2001.上册:549-551
〔3〕FangSu,WeiTian.MeasureandstudyofprecursoryinfrasonicwavesofstrongearthquakesinMay2000.JournalofLowFrequencyNoise,VibrationandActiveControl,2001.20(4):1-13
〔4〕苏,田维.2000年7-9月强地震的前兆次声波测量研究.地震研究,2002,25(1):11-19
〔5〕FangSu,WeiTian.MeasureandstudyofprecursoryinfrasonicwavesofstrongearthquakesfromOct.toDec.2000.PetroleumScience,2001,4(3):8-18
〔6〕苏,田维.2001年2-4月强地震的前兆次声波测量研究.地球物理学进展,2001,16(4):61-70
〔7〕苏,苏骁.1998年11月17日狮子座流星雨的次声观测.应用声学,2000,19(3):1-6
〔8〕谢金来,谢照华.1993年7月2日日本北海道地震次声波.声学学报,1996,21(1):55-61
〔9〕苏,田维,4～8大风的次声波三维动态频谱测量研究.石油大学学报,2002,26(1):108-111
〔10〕RiceJR .,RuinaAL .Stabilityofsteadyfrictionalslipping.JApplMech,1983,50:343-349.
〔11〕DieterichJH .Time-dependentfrictionandthemechanicsofstick-slip.PureApplGeophys,1978,116:790-806
〔12〕DieterichJH .Earthquakenucleationonfaultswithrateandstatedependentstrength.Tectonophysics,1992,211:115-134
〔13〕OhnakaM .Earthquakesourcenucleation:aphysicalmodelforshort-termprecursors.Tectonophysics,1992,211:149-178
〔14〕冯德益,潘琴龙,郑斯华等.长周期形变波及其所反应的短期和临震地震前兆.地震学报,1984,6(1):41-56
〔15〕李世愚,刘万琴,郑治真等.房山矿震震前井下长周期事件记录的分析.见:中国地震学会第七次学术大会论文摘要集.北京:地震出版社,1998.120
〔16〕郑永飞主编.化学地球动力学.北京:科学出版社,1999.5,a)168,;b)91;c)24-25
〔17〕屠焰,赵树卿.奇异的次声.北京:科学出版社,1979.a)40-42;b)42-45;c)16-17;d)49-51;e)3
〔18〕HillDP ,FischerLahrKMandCoakleyJM .Earthquakesoundsgeneratedbybody-wavesgroundmotion.Bull.Seism.Soc.Am.,1976,66(4):1157-1172
〔19〕李建国,刘祖沅,陈献程.浙江湖南镇水库1982年5月22日3.1级地震序列的近场地声观测和初步研究.地震学报,1985,7(3):314-324
〔20〕何祚镛,赵玉芳.声学理论基础.北京:国防工业出版社,1981.67-70
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