地震遥感应用趋势与中国地震卫星发展框架
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摘要
在赵九章先生的倡议下,我国的人造地球卫星事业经过50年的历程,已经取得了长足的发展,卫星遥感应用范围也日益扩大。在防震减灾领域,卫星遥感也在监测预报、灾害评估和地震构造研究等许多方面得到应用并显示了巨大的发展前景,从而对发展地震卫星系统提出了现实的要求。我国地震卫星系统发展的总体思路是:基于社会公共安全事业发展和防震减灾能力建设的需要,结合国家民用遥感卫星统筹发展,优先开展地震电磁卫星的论证和研发,积极参与InSAR、重力等其他民用遥感卫星的论证;逐步建立多源遥感信息快速稳定的获取渠道和专业化处理平台,促进立体地震观测体系建设。目前,中国地震电磁试验卫星综合论证工作正在顺利进行,试验卫星的科学目标、载荷配置方案以及对卫星平台和运行能力的要求已经初步明确,将按计划推动背景型号和工程型号项目,并同步开展若干关键技术的国内外合作研究。
Development of satellite and space science in China has passed through for 50 years under the proposal from the late academician Zhao Jiuzhang,the technique and application in this field are widely developed up to now.The satellite-based remote sensing is being used in earthquake monitoring,hazard evaluating and seismo-tectonics research for earthquake hazard prevention and mitigation.According to the opinion about the foreground of remote sensing application in earthquake science,the proposal for special seismo-satellite system in China has been put forward.The general ideas for China's seismo-satellite system are as follows: to demonstrate and develop seismo-electromagnetism satellite as the priority in the project and to take part in the demonstration of InSAR and gravity satellite at the same time according to the plan of civil satellites as a whole,based on the demands of public safety as well as earthquake hazards prevention and mitigation;to construct multiple-sensors,multiple-parameters,quasi-real time and steady-going platform for data acquiring and processing,and to promote the 3D earthquake monitoring system step by step.Now the integrative demonstration for the first China′s seismo-electromagnetism trial satellite is going on smoothly,and the scientific objects,payloads as well as the demands for platform and operation are proposed,it is trusted that this project will carry out under the plan.
Development of satellite and space science in China has passed through for 50 years under the proposal from the late academician Zhao Jiuzhang,the technique and application in this field are widely developed up to now.The satellite-based remote sensing is being used in earthquake monitoring,hazard evaluating and seismo-tectonics research for earthquake hazard prevention and mitigation.According to the opinion about the foreground of remote sensing application in earthquake science,the proposal for special seismo-satellite system in China has been put forward.The general ideas for China's seismo-satellite system are as follows: to demonstrate and develop seismo-electromagnetism satellite as the priority in the project and to take part in the demonstration of InSAR and gravity satellite at the same time according to the plan of civil satellites as a whole,based on the demands of public safety as well as earthquake hazards prevention and mitigation;to construct multiple-sensors,multiple-parameters,quasi-real time and steady-going platform for data acquiring and processing,and to promote the 3D earthquake monitoring system step by step.Now the integrative demonstration for the first China′s seismo-electromagnetism trial satellite is going on smoothly,and the scientific objects,payloads as well as the demands for platform and operation are proposed,it is trusted that this project will carry out under the plan.
引文
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[13]Parrot M.Use of satellites to detect seismo-electromagnetic effects.Adv.Space Res.,1995,15(11):27-35
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[16]Sorokin.Electro-dynamic model of the lower atmosphere and the ionosphere coupling.Journal of Atmosphericand Solar-Terrestrial Physics,2001,63:1681-1691
[17]单新建,马瑾,王长林,等.利用差分干涉雷达测量技术(D-InSAR)提取同震形变场.地震学报,2002,24(4):413-420
[18]单新建,马瑾,王长林,等.利用星载D-InSAR技术获取的地表形变场提取玛尼地震震源断层参数.中国科学,2002,32(10):837-844
[19]王超,刘智,张红,等.张北—尚义地震同震形变场雷达差分干涉测量.科学通报,2000,45(23):2550-2554
[20]Peltzer G,Crampe F,King G,et al.Evidence of nonlinear elasticity of the crust from theM7.6 Mani(Tibet)earthquake.Science,1999,286:272-276
[21]Goldstein R M,Werner C L.Radar interferogram filtering for geophysical applications,Geophys.Res.Lett.,1998,25(21):4035-4038
[22]Massonnet D,Rossi M,Carmona C,et al.The displacement field of the Landers earthquake mapped by radarinterferometry.Nature,1993,364:138-142
[23]Massonnet D,Feigl K,Rossi M,et al.Radar interferometry mapping of deformation in the year after the Lan-ders earthquake.Nature,1994,369:227-230
[24]Massonnet D,Briole P,Arnaud A.Deflation of Mount Etna monitored by spaceborne radar interferometry.Na-ture,1995,375:567-570
[25]Zebker HA,Goldstein R M.Topographic mapping from interferometric SAR observations.J.Geophys.Res,1986,91:4993-4999
[26]中华人民共和国国务院.国家中长期科学和技术发展规划纲要(2006—2020年).2005
[27]中华人民共和国国务院办公厅.国家防震减灾规划(2006—2020年).2006
[28]中华人民共和国国务院办公厅.国家民用航天规划纲要(2006—2020年).2006
[29]中华人民共和国国防科学技术工业委员会.国家十一五民用航天规划纲要(2006—2010年).2006
[2]刘德富,罗灼礼.强烈地震前的OLR异常现象.地震,1997,17(2):126-132
[3]康春丽,陈正位,田勤俭,等.昆仑山8.1级地震的热红外前兆特征分析.西北地震学报,2003,25(1):12-15
[4]屈春燕,马瑾,单新建.利用卫星热红外观测地球排气现象的一次尝试.地震地质,2004,26(3):539-547
[5]AndrewA T.Remote sensing and earthquakes:A review.Physics and Chemistry of the Earth,2006,31:138-142
[6]Ouzounov D,Freund F.Mid-infrared emission prior to strong earthquakes analyzed by remote sensing data.Adv.Space Res.,2004,33:268-273
[7]Ouzounov D,Bryant N,Logan T,et al.Satellite thermal IR phenomena associated with some of the majorearthquakes in 1999—2003.Physics and Chemistry of the Earth,2006,31:154-163
[8]吴云,乔学军,周义炎,等.利用地基GPS探测震前电离层TEC异常.大地测量与地球动力学,2005,25(2):36-40
[9]Gokhberg M B,Pilipenko V A,Pokhotelov O A.Seismic precursors in the ionosphere.Izvestiya Earth Phys-ics,1983,19:762-765
[10]Hayakawa M.Electromagnetic phenomena associated with earthquakes.Bulletin of the University of Electro-Communications,2000,13(1):1-6
[11]Liu J Y,Chen Y I,Pulinets S A,et al.Seismo-ionospheric signatures prior toM>6.0 Taiwan earthquakes.Geophys.Res.Lett.,2000,27:3113-3116
[12]Molchanov O A.Wave and plasma phenomena inside the ionosphere and magnetosphere associated with earth-quakes.Oxford:Oxford University Press,1993:591-600
[13]Parrot M.Use of satellites to detect seismo-electromagnetic effects.Adv.Space Res.,1995,15(11):27-35
[14]Pulinets S A,Boyarchuk K A.Ionospheric precursors of earthquakes.Berlin:Springer Verlag,2004
[15]Pulinets S A,Depuev V H,Karpachev A T,et al.Recent advances in topside profile modeling.Adv.SpaceRes.,2002,29:815-823
[16]Sorokin.Electro-dynamic model of the lower atmosphere and the ionosphere coupling.Journal of Atmosphericand Solar-Terrestrial Physics,2001,63:1681-1691
[17]单新建,马瑾,王长林,等.利用差分干涉雷达测量技术(D-InSAR)提取同震形变场.地震学报,2002,24(4):413-420
[18]单新建,马瑾,王长林,等.利用星载D-InSAR技术获取的地表形变场提取玛尼地震震源断层参数.中国科学,2002,32(10):837-844
[19]王超,刘智,张红,等.张北—尚义地震同震形变场雷达差分干涉测量.科学通报,2000,45(23):2550-2554
[20]Peltzer G,Crampe F,King G,et al.Evidence of nonlinear elasticity of the crust from theM7.6 Mani(Tibet)earthquake.Science,1999,286:272-276
[21]Goldstein R M,Werner C L.Radar interferogram filtering for geophysical applications,Geophys.Res.Lett.,1998,25(21):4035-4038
[22]Massonnet D,Rossi M,Carmona C,et al.The displacement field of the Landers earthquake mapped by radarinterferometry.Nature,1993,364:138-142
[23]Massonnet D,Feigl K,Rossi M,et al.Radar interferometry mapping of deformation in the year after the Lan-ders earthquake.Nature,1994,369:227-230
[24]Massonnet D,Briole P,Arnaud A.Deflation of Mount Etna monitored by spaceborne radar interferometry.Na-ture,1995,375:567-570
[25]Zebker HA,Goldstein R M.Topographic mapping from interferometric SAR observations.J.Geophys.Res,1986,91:4993-4999
[26]中华人民共和国国务院.国家中长期科学和技术发展规划纲要(2006—2020年).2005
[27]中华人民共和国国务院办公厅.国家防震减灾规划(2006—2020年).2006
[28]中华人民共和国国务院办公厅.国家民用航天规划纲要(2006—2020年).2006
[29]中华人民共和国国防科学技术工业委员会.国家十一五民用航天规划纲要(2006—2010年).2006
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