不同模式自组织介质中声波传播特性的比较研究
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摘要
中型和大型尺度结构构造分区性,使得地球内部介质地震波速度表征出大尺度的确定性模型,而小尺度上微孔和裂隙的存在会导致地震波速度分布的随机扰动,即自组织模型.目前地震学中常用的6种模式自组织模型为:高斯型、指数型、自相似型、白噪声、Flicker噪声和Brown噪声.我们从其滤波因子入手,比较了不同模式的自组织模型特征,结合有限差分法地震记录模拟及地震波特征分析,对比了上述6种模式自组织介质中声波传播特性.结果表明:地震波对不同模式的自组织介质的地震响应不同,如波形、能量、振幅等.由此我们可以通过分析实际地震记录的复杂性特征来鉴别其自组织类型,从而更好地解释实际地震资料.
While seismic wave velocity shows large-scale deterministic geological structures, ubiquitous small-scale micro-fractures often cause statistic variations. Although seismic waves traveling through the Earth act as a low-pass filter and smooth out some small indeterministic components, those statistic in other words self-organized features exist underground. Six types of self-organized media are frequently used in seismology such as Gaussian, Exponential, self-similar, white noise, Flicker noise and Brown noise. From their filters, we compare different self-organized models with seismic recordings in conjunction with finite difference methods. The results show that various self-organized models of amplitude, energy and frequency will produce different synthetic seismograms. Thus we can make good use of this complex information to interpret field data well.
While seismic wave velocity shows large-scale deterministic geological structures, ubiquitous small-scale micro-fractures often cause statistic variations. Although seismic waves traveling through the Earth act as a low-pass filter and smooth out some small indeterministic components, those statistic in other words self-organized features exist underground. Six types of self-organized media are frequently used in seismology such as Gaussian, Exponential, self-similar, white noise, Flicker noise and Brown noise. From their filters, we compare different self-organized models with seismic recordings in conjunction with finite difference methods. The results show that various self-organized models of amplitude, energy and frequency will produce different synthetic seismograms. Thus we can make good use of this complex information to interpret field data well.
引文
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[22]Clayton J F,Enquist B.Absorbing boundary conditions for acoustic and elastic wave equations.Bull.Seism.Soc.Am.,1977,67:1529~1540
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[24]赖晓玲,孙译.壳幔过渡带的复杂性特征及其动力学意义.物探与化探,2005,29(2):111~115Lai XL,Sun Y.Complexityfeature of crust mantle transitional zone and its dynamic implications.Geophysical&Geochemical Exploration(in Chinese),2005,29(2):111~115
[25]Zhang Z J,Wang G J,Harris T M.Multi-component wavefield simulationin viscous extensively dilatancy anisotropic media.Phys.Earth Planet.Inter.,1999,114:25~38
[26]程乾生.信号数字处理的数学原理.北京:石油出版社,1982Cheng QS.Mathematic Theory in Signal Processing(in Chinese).Beijing:PetroleumIndustry Press,1982
[27]Zhang ZJ,Teng J W,Li Y K,et al.Crustal structure of seismic velocity in southern Tibet and east-westward escape of the crustal material.Science in China(Series D),2004,47(6):500~506
[28]杨宝俊,刘财,杨平华等.用近垂直地震反射方法研究莫霍面的特征与成因.地球物理学报,1999,42(5):617~628Yang B J,Liu C,Yang P H,et al.The study of Moho characteristics and formation by nearly vertical seismic reflection method.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),1999,42(5):617~628
[29]Zhang ZJ,Li YK,Wang GJ,et al.East-west crustal structure and“down-bowing”Moho underthe northern Tibet revealed by wide-angle seismic profile.Science in China(Series D-Earth Sciences),2002,45(6):550~558
[30]Yang BJ,Tang J R,Li Q X,et al.Crustal reflection structure in the upliftingzone of Songliao basin and disconnecting Mohointerface.Sience in China(Series D-Earth Sciences),2004,47(6):514~521
[31]杨宝俊,李勤学,唐建人等.松辽盆地反射地震莫霍面的形态、三瞬处理结果及其地质解释.地球物理学报,2003,46(3):398~403Yang B J,Li Q X,Tang J R,et al.The form and three-instantaneous information of the seismic reflection Moho in Songliao basin and geological interpretation.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2003,46(3):398~403
[32]Wang C Y,Zhang X K,Lin Z Y,et al.Crustal structure beneath the Xingtai earthquake area in North China and its tectonic implications.Tectonophysics,1997,274:307~319
[2]陈运泰,滕吉文,张中杰.地球物理学的回顾与展望.地球科学进展,2001,16(5):634~642Chen YT,Teng J W,Zhang Z J.Geophysics:The20thcentury in retrospect andthe21stcenturyin prospect.Advance in Earth Sciences(in Chinese),2001,16(5):634~642
[3]Ikelle L T,Yung S K,Daube F.2-Drandommedia with ellipsoidalautocorrelationfunctions.Geophysics,1993,58(9):1359~1372
[4]Zhang ZJ,Klemperer S L.West-east variationincrustal thicknessin northern Lhasa block,central Tibet,from deep seismic sounding data.J.Geophys.Res.,2005,110,doi:10.1029/2004JB003139
[5]Levander AR,Holliger K.Small-scale heterogeneity andlarge-scale velocity structure of the continental crust.J.Geophys.Res.,1992,97:8797~8840
[6]Tittgemeyer M.Scales of heterogeneities in the continental crust and upper mantle.Pure Appl.Geophys.,1999,156:29~52
[7]徐涛,徐果明,高尔根等.三维复杂介质的块状建模和试射射线追踪.地球物理学报,2004,47(6):1118~1126Xu T,Xu G M,Gao E G,et al.Block modeling and shooting ray tracingin complex3-D media.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2004,47(6):1118~1126
[8]Aki K.Analysis of seismic coda of local earthquakes as scattered waves.J.Geophys.Res.,1969,74:615~631
[9]Aki K,Chouet.Origin of coda waves,source attenuation,and scattering effects.J.Geophys.Res.,1975,80:3322~3342
[10]Wu RS.Attenuation of short period seismic waves due to scattering.Geophysical Research Letters,1982,9(1):9~12
[11]David J C,Oliver G J.Fractal velocity models in refraction seismology.Pure Appl.Geophys.,1989,131:61~76
[12]徐涛,刘永霞,宁俊瑞等.地球内部结构自组织性对地震波的影响.地球物理学报,2007(已接收)Xu T,Liu YX,NingJ R,et al.Influence uponthe seismic wave of the self-organized structure of the Earth interior.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2007,in press
[13]Frankel A,Clayton R W.Finite difference simulations of seismic scattering:implications for the propagation of short-period seismic waves inthe crust and models of crustal heterogeneity.J.Geophys.Res.,1986,91(B6):6465~6489
[14]Zhang ZJ,He Q D,Teng J W,et al.Simulation of3-component seismic records in a2-dimensional transversely isotropic media with finite-difference.Can.J.Expl.Geophys.,1993,29:51~58
[15]MorozovI B,Smithson S B,Morozova E A,et al.A database of deep seismic sounding peaceful nuclear explosion recordings for seismic monitoring of northern Eurasia.23rdSeismic Research Review:Worldwide Monitoring of Nuclear Explosions,2001,Oct.2~5.570~579
[16]Klimes L.Correlation functions of random media.Pure Appl.Geophys.,2002,159:1811~1831
[17]Yang D H,Liu E R,Zhang ZJ,et al.Finite-difference modelingin two-dimensional anisotropic media using a flex-corrected transport technique.Geophys.J.Int.,2002,148:320~328
[18]杨顶辉.双相各向异性介质中弹性波方程的有限元解法及波场模拟.地球物理学报,2002,45(4):575~583Yang D H.Finite element method of the elastic wave equation and wavefield simulation in two-phase anisotropic media.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2002,45(4):575~583
[19]刘永霞,徐涛,赵兵等.自相似型各向异性自组织介质中地震波场动力学响应.地球物理学报,2007,50(1):222~333Liu Y X,Xu T,Zhao B,et al.Seismic sounding of anisotropic self-similar self-organized medium.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2007,50(1):222~333
[20]Kneib G,Kerner C.Accurate and efficient seismic modeling in random media.Geophysics,1993,58:576~588
[21]郑海山,张中杰.横向各向同性(VTI)介质中非线性地震波场模拟.地球物理学报,2005,48(3):660~671Zheng HS,Zhang Z J.Synthetic seismograms of nonlinear seismic waves in anisotropic(VTI)media.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2005,48(3):660~671
[22]Clayton J F,Enquist B.Absorbing boundary conditions for acoustic and elastic wave equations.Bull.Seism.Soc.Am.,1977,67:1529~1540
[23]Yang D H,Wang S Q,Zhang Z J,et al.N-times absorbing boundary conditions for compact finite difference modeling of acoustic and elastic propagation in the2D TI medium.Bull.Seism.Soc.Am.,2003,93:2389~2401
[24]赖晓玲,孙译.壳幔过渡带的复杂性特征及其动力学意义.物探与化探,2005,29(2):111~115Lai XL,Sun Y.Complexityfeature of crust mantle transitional zone and its dynamic implications.Geophysical&Geochemical Exploration(in Chinese),2005,29(2):111~115
[25]Zhang Z J,Wang G J,Harris T M.Multi-component wavefield simulationin viscous extensively dilatancy anisotropic media.Phys.Earth Planet.Inter.,1999,114:25~38
[26]程乾生.信号数字处理的数学原理.北京:石油出版社,1982Cheng QS.Mathematic Theory in Signal Processing(in Chinese).Beijing:PetroleumIndustry Press,1982
[27]Zhang ZJ,Teng J W,Li Y K,et al.Crustal structure of seismic velocity in southern Tibet and east-westward escape of the crustal material.Science in China(Series D),2004,47(6):500~506
[28]杨宝俊,刘财,杨平华等.用近垂直地震反射方法研究莫霍面的特征与成因.地球物理学报,1999,42(5):617~628Yang B J,Liu C,Yang P H,et al.The study of Moho characteristics and formation by nearly vertical seismic reflection method.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),1999,42(5):617~628
[29]Zhang ZJ,Li YK,Wang GJ,et al.East-west crustal structure and“down-bowing”Moho underthe northern Tibet revealed by wide-angle seismic profile.Science in China(Series D-Earth Sciences),2002,45(6):550~558
[30]Yang BJ,Tang J R,Li Q X,et al.Crustal reflection structure in the upliftingzone of Songliao basin and disconnecting Mohointerface.Sience in China(Series D-Earth Sciences),2004,47(6):514~521
[31]杨宝俊,李勤学,唐建人等.松辽盆地反射地震莫霍面的形态、三瞬处理结果及其地质解释.地球物理学报,2003,46(3):398~403Yang B J,Li Q X,Tang J R,et al.The form and three-instantaneous information of the seismic reflection Moho in Songliao basin and geological interpretation.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2003,46(3):398~403
[32]Wang C Y,Zhang X K,Lin Z Y,et al.Crustal structure beneath the Xingtai earthquake area in North China and its tectonic implications.Tectonophysics,1997,274:307~319
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