油气运移聚集过程中的地球化学作用
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摘要
原油组成虽然受源岩有机质类型和成熟度的控制 ,但运移过程中和成藏后的次生变化可以彻底改变其原来的面貌。原油排出后遭受的溶解和吸附作用对集聚原油的组成有一定的影响 ,由于油藏温压条件的变化、断层活动、剥蚀、地震或盖层微渗漏等导致的运移分馏作用对原油组成的影响更为重要。运移分馏作用可以产生衍生凝析油和残余油。衍生凝析油中轻组分非常富集 ,且通常聚集在较浅的储层中 ;而残余油中富含高分子量化合物 ,尤以含蜡量增加较为明显。可见凝析油和高蜡油的形成并非单纯由母源和成熟度控制 ,认识到运移分馏作用的影响有助于人们避免对地化资料的错误解释。
The composition of crude oil, although initially controled by the types and maturity of organic matter in source rocks, will be changed thoroughly by the secondary modification during migration and after pool formation. The dissolution and adsorption subjected by crude oil after expulsion have certain effects on the cpmposition of accumulated crude oil, but the influences of migration fractionation caused by the changing of temperature and pressure conditions in reservoirs, fault activties, denudation, earthquakes or the micropercolation of covers on the composition of crude oil are particularly important. Migration fractionation can form derived condensate and residual oil. Light components are very enriched in derived condensate and usually accumulate in shallower reservoirs, while high molecular weight compounds are enriched in residual oil which is characterized by the more obvious increase of wax content.It is thus clear that the formation of condensate and a high wax oil is not simply controled by parent sources and maturity. Understanding the effects of migration fractionation will be helpful to avoid the mistaken interpretation of geochemical data.
The composition of crude oil, although initially controled by the types and maturity of organic matter in source rocks, will be changed thoroughly by the secondary modification during migration and after pool formation. The dissolution and adsorption subjected by crude oil after expulsion have certain effects on the cpmposition of accumulated crude oil, but the influences of migration fractionation caused by the changing of temperature and pressure conditions in reservoirs, fault activties, denudation, earthquakes or the micropercolation of covers on the composition of crude oil are particularly important. Migration fractionation can form derived condensate and residual oil. Light components are very enriched in derived condensate and usually accumulate in shallower reservoirs, while high molecular weight compounds are enriched in residual oil which is characterized by the more obvious increase of wax content.It is thus clear that the formation of condensate and a high wax oil is not simply controled by parent sources and maturity. Understanding the effects of migration fractionation will be helpful to avoid the mistaken interpretation of geochemical data.
引文
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[27] 张水昌.运移分馏作用:凝析油和蜡质油形成的一种重要机制[J].科学通报,2000,45(6).
[28] CurialeJA ,BromleyBW .Migrationinducedcompositionalchangeinoilsandcondensatesofasinglefield[J].OrgGeochem,1996,24(12):1097-1113.
[29] 马柯阳.不同沉积环境凝析油的分子有机地球化学特征[J].甘肃地质学报,1995,4(1).
[30] SnowdonLR ,PowellTG .Immatureoilandcondensate—mod ificationofhydrocarbongenerationmodelforterrestrialorganicmatter[J].AAPGBull,1982,66:775-788.
[31] 李赞豪.不同类型的凝析油及其地质分布[J].石油实验地质,1987,19(2).
[32] 卢松年,张 刚.一种新的凝析油形成模式[J].中国科学(B辑),1994,24(1).
[33] KillopsSD ,CarlsonRMK ,PetersKE .High temperatureGCevidencefortheearlyformationofC+40 n alkanesincoals[J].OrgGeochem,2000,31:589-597.
[34] MartinRL ,WintersJC ,WilliamsJA .Distributionsofn paraf finsincrudeoilsandtheirimplicationstootiginofpetroleum[J].Nature,1963,199:110-113.
[35] HedbergHD .Significanceofhighwaxoilswithrespecttogene sisofpetroleum[J].AAPGBull,1968,52:736-750.
[36] TissotB ,WeleteDH .Petroleumformationandoccurrence[M].BerlinHeidelberg,NewYork:SpringerVerlag,1987.
[37] TgelaarEW ,MatthezingRM ,JansenJBH ,HorsfieldB ,deLeeuwJW .Possibleoriginofn alkanesinhigh waxcrudeoils[J].Nature,1989,342:529-531.
[38] CarlsonRM .HighTemperatureGasChromatographyofHigh waxOils[M].Jakarta,Indonesia:IndonesianPetroleumAssoci ation(22ndAnnualConventionProceedings),1993.483-507.
[39] ThanhNX ,HsiehM ,PhilpRP .Waxesandasphaltenesincrudeoils[J].OrgGeochem,1999,30:119-132.
[40] 黄第藩,赵孟军,张水昌.塔里木盆地满加尔油气系统下古生界油源中蜡质烃来源的成因分析[J].沉积学报,1997,15(1).
[2] TissotBP ,DurandB ,EspitalieJ ,CombazA .Influenceofnatureanddiagenesisoforganicmatterinformationofpetroleum[J].AAPGBull,1974,58:499-506
[3] MackenzieAS .Applicationsofbiologicalmarkersinpetroleumgeochemistry[A].BrooksJ ,WelteDH .AdvancesinPetroleumGeochemistry(vol1)[M ].London:AcademicPress,1984.115-214.
[4] PetersKE ,MoldowanJM .TheBiomarkerGuide[M ].Engle woodCliffs,NewJersey:PrenticeHall,1993.254.
[5] ConnanJ.Biodegradationofcrudeoilsinreservoirs[A].AdvancesinPetroleumGeochemistry[M ].1984.300-330.
[6] EnglandWA ,MackenzieAS ,MannDM ,QuigleyTM .Themovementandentrapmentofpetrolumfluidsinthesubsurface[J].JournaloftheGeologicalSociety(London),1987,144:327-347.
[7] EnglandWA ,MackenzieAS .Someaspectsoftheorganicgeo chemistryofpetroleumfluids[J].GeologischeRundschau,1989,78(1):274-288.
[8] HeumOR ,DalandA ,MeisingsetKK .HabitatofhydrocarbonsataHaltenbanken(PVTmodelingasapredictivetoolinhydrocar bonexploration)[A].SpencerAM ,etal.HabitatofHydrocar bonsontheNorwegianContinentalShelf[M ].London:GrahamandTrotman,1986.317-327.
[9] GussowWC .Differentialentrapmentofoilandgas—afundamen talprinciple[J].AAPGBull,1954,38:816-853.
[10] SilvermanSR .Migrationandsegregationofoilandgas[A].YongA ,GalleyGE .FluidsinSubsurfaceEnviroments[M ].AAPGMemoir,1965,4:53-65.
[11] ThompsonKFM .Fractionatedaromaticpetroleumandthegen erationofgas condensates[J].OrgGeochem,1987,11(6):573-590.
[12] ThompsonKFM .Gas condensatemigrationandoilfractionationindeltaicsystem[J].MarPetrolGeol,1988,5:237-246.
[13] ThompsonKFM .Thegenerationofthermalandevaporativegas condensates[A].AdvancesinPetroleumGeochemistry(V3)[M ].London:AcademicPress,1990.
[14] ThompsonKFM .Contrastingcharacteristicsattributedtomi grationobservedinpetroleumsreservoiredinclasticandcarbon atesequencesintheGulfofMexicoregion[A].EnglandWA ,FleetAJ .PetroleumMigration[M ].GeolSocSpecPub,1991,59:191-205.
[15] ZhuzeTP ,UshakovaGS ,YushkevichGN .Theinfluenceofpressuresandtemperaturesonthecontentandpropertiesofcon densateinthegasphaseofgas oildeposits[J].Geochemistry,1962,8:797-806.
[16] 戴卿林,郝石生,卢双舫,张爱云.煤成油油源对比问题讨论[J]地球化学,1996,25(4).
[17] BakerDR .OrganicgeochemistryofCherokeeGroupinsouth easternKansasandnortheasternOklahoma[J].AAPGBull,1962,71:951-957.
[18] RadkeM ,WillschH ,LeythaeuserD .Aromaticcomponentsofcoal:relationofdistributionpatteerntorank[J].GeochimicaetCosmochimicaActa,1982,46:1831-1848.
[19] PalmerSE .Effectofbiodegradationandwaterwashingoncrudeoilcomposition[A].MerrillRK .SourceandMigrationProcess esandEvaluationTechniques[M ].Tulsa:AmericanAssociationofPrteoleumGeologists,1991.47-54.
[20] LafargueE ,BarkerC .Effectofwaterwashingoncrudeoilcom position[J].AAPGBull,1988,72:263-276.
[21] LarterS ,MillsN .Phase controlledmolecularfractionationsinmigrating petroleumcharges[A ].EnglabdW ,FleetAJ .PetroleumMigration[M ].GeilogicalSociety(SpecialPublica tion),1991,59:137-147.
[22] McAuliffeCD .Oilandgasmigration:chemicalandphysicalconstraints[J].AAPGBull,1979,63:761-778.
[23] KroossBM ,BrothersL ,EngelMH .Geochromatographyinpetroleummigration:areview[A ].EnglandWA ,Fleet.PetroleumMigration,GeologicalSocietySpecialPublicationNo59[M ].London:TheGeologicalSociety,1991.149-163.
[24] MeulbroekP ,CathlesⅢL ,WhelanJ.PhasefractionationatSouthEugeneIslandBlock330[J].OrgGeochem,1998,29(13):223-239.
[25] DzouLIP ,HughesWB .Geochemistryofoilsandconden sates,Kfield,offshoreTaiwan:acasestudyinmigrationfrac tionation[J].OrgGeochem,1993,20(4):437-462.
[26] QuanxingZ ,QumingZ .Evidenceofprimarymigrationofcon densatebymolecularsolutioninaqueousphaseinYachengfield,offshoreSouthChina[J].JournalofSoutheastAsiaEarthSci ences,1991,5:101-106.
[27] 张水昌.运移分馏作用:凝析油和蜡质油形成的一种重要机制[J].科学通报,2000,45(6).
[28] CurialeJA ,BromleyBW .Migrationinducedcompositionalchangeinoilsandcondensatesofasinglefield[J].OrgGeochem,1996,24(12):1097-1113.
[29] 马柯阳.不同沉积环境凝析油的分子有机地球化学特征[J].甘肃地质学报,1995,4(1).
[30] SnowdonLR ,PowellTG .Immatureoilandcondensate—mod ificationofhydrocarbongenerationmodelforterrestrialorganicmatter[J].AAPGBull,1982,66:775-788.
[31] 李赞豪.不同类型的凝析油及其地质分布[J].石油实验地质,1987,19(2).
[32] 卢松年,张 刚.一种新的凝析油形成模式[J].中国科学(B辑),1994,24(1).
[33] KillopsSD ,CarlsonRMK ,PetersKE .High temperatureGCevidencefortheearlyformationofC+40 n alkanesincoals[J].OrgGeochem,2000,31:589-597.
[34] MartinRL ,WintersJC ,WilliamsJA .Distributionsofn paraf finsincrudeoilsandtheirimplicationstootiginofpetroleum[J].Nature,1963,199:110-113.
[35] HedbergHD .Significanceofhighwaxoilswithrespecttogene sisofpetroleum[J].AAPGBull,1968,52:736-750.
[36] TissotB ,WeleteDH .Petroleumformationandoccurrence[M].BerlinHeidelberg,NewYork:SpringerVerlag,1987.
[37] TgelaarEW ,MatthezingRM ,JansenJBH ,HorsfieldB ,deLeeuwJW .Possibleoriginofn alkanesinhigh waxcrudeoils[J].Nature,1989,342:529-531.
[38] CarlsonRM .HighTemperatureGasChromatographyofHigh waxOils[M].Jakarta,Indonesia:IndonesianPetroleumAssoci ation(22ndAnnualConventionProceedings),1993.483-507.
[39] ThanhNX ,HsiehM ,PhilpRP .Waxesandasphaltenesincrudeoils[J].OrgGeochem,1999,30:119-132.
[40] 黄第藩,赵孟军,张水昌.塔里木盆地满加尔油气系统下古生界油源中蜡质烃来源的成因分析[J].沉积学报,1997,15(1).
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