海域天然气水合物的地震研究进展
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摘要
海域天然气水合物的地震研究是在岩石物性分析成果的指导下,用地震技术进行真假BSR的识别和含水合物沉积层物性预测.海域天然气水合物地震研究的进展主要表现在:物性分析理论模型由简单模型发展到最大程度模拟实际情况的复杂模型;地震勘探方法已由常规的单道、多道地震发展到多频地震、高分辨率二维、三维地震和海底多分量地震;地震资料处理由常规处理发展到突出BSR特征的“三高”和叠前时间偏移处理;从利用速度、振幅结构研究识别天然气水合物发展到AVO、多属性判别、多弹性参数和多物性参数反演识别天然气水合物、预测其物性参数.这些新技术、新方法的应用,加快了海域天然气水合物调查进度,提高了天然气水合物地球物理识别的可靠性.
The seismic research on marine gas hydrate has made great development.The main subject is how to identify BSR correctly and predict the Gas Hydrate sediment physical parameters(For example: thickness,porosity,concentration,etc.) On the basis of physical property analysis of marine rocks,seismic method is used to identify true and false BSR and predict physical property of hydrate-bearing sediments for recognition of gas hydrate in sea areas.Recently,great progress has been made in seismic researches on marine gas hydrate,which is showed in the following aspects:(1) for theoretical analysis of physical property,simple model has changed into complex model capable of simulating actual situations to the largest extent;(2) for seismic explorations,seismic methods have gone from conventional single- and multi-channel to multi-frequency,high-resolution 2D and 3D and multiple components;(3) for seismic data processing,conventional method has given way to "three highs" and pre-stack time offset processing with emphasis on BSR characteristics;and(4) for identification of gas hydrate and prediction of its physical property parameters,researches on velocity and amplitude have been replaced by AVO,multi-attribute discrimination,multi-elastic parameter and multi-property parameter inversions.Thanks to these new techniques and methods,investigations in gas hydrate in sea areas have been greatly striding forward,and reliability of geophysical recognition of gas hydrate has been significantly heightened.
The seismic research on marine gas hydrate has made great development.The main subject is how to identify BSR correctly and predict the Gas Hydrate sediment physical parameters(For example: thickness,porosity,concentration,etc.) On the basis of physical property analysis of marine rocks,seismic method is used to identify true and false BSR and predict physical property of hydrate-bearing sediments for recognition of gas hydrate in sea areas.Recently,great progress has been made in seismic researches on marine gas hydrate,which is showed in the following aspects:(1) for theoretical analysis of physical property,simple model has changed into complex model capable of simulating actual situations to the largest extent;(2) for seismic explorations,seismic methods have gone from conventional single- and multi-channel to multi-frequency,high-resolution 2D and 3D and multiple components;(3) for seismic data processing,conventional method has given way to "three highs" and pre-stack time offset processing with emphasis on BSR characteristics;and(4) for identification of gas hydrate and prediction of its physical property parameters,researches on velocity and amplitude have been replaced by AVO,multi-attribute discrimination,multi-elastic parameter and multi-property parameter inversions.Thanks to these new techniques and methods,investigations in gas hydrate in sea areas have been greatly striding forward,and reliability of geophysical recognition of gas hydrate has been significantly heightened.
引文
[1]Markl R G,Bryan G m,Ewing J I.Structure of the Blake-Bahama outer ridge[J].Geophys.Res.,1970,75:4539~4555.
[2]宋海斌,等,海洋天然气水合物地球物理研究(II):地震方法[J].地球物理学进展,2001,16(3):110~118.
[3]Rowe M,Gettrust L F.Faulted structure of the bottom-sim-ulating reflector on the Blake Ridge,western North Atlantic[J].Geology,1993,21(6):811~836.
[4]Fink C P,Spence C d.Hydrate distribution off Vancouuver Is-land from Multifrequency single-channel seismic reflection data[J].J.Geophys.Res.,1999,104(5):2909~2922.
[5]Katzman,Holbrooh W S,Paull C K.Combined vertical-inci-dence and wide-angle seismic study of a gas hydrate zone,Blake Ridge[J].J.Geophys.Res.,1994,99(4):1975~1995.
[6]Holbrook W S,Hoshing H,Wood W T,et al.The Leg 164Science Party,Methane hydrate and free gas on the BlakeRidge from vertical seismic profiling[J].Science,1996,273(5):1840~1843.
[7]Karin A,Patrick E H,Mary M.Amplitude versus offsetmodeling of the bottom simulating reflection associated withsubmarine gas hydrates[J].Marine Geology,1997,137(1):25~40.
[8]Dai J C,Xu H B,Fred S,et al.Detection and estimation of gashydrates using rock physics and seismic inversion:Examplesfrom the northern deepwater Gulf of Mexico[J].the LeadingEdge,2004,23(1):60~70.
[9]宋海斌、江为为、张文生、郝天珧.天然气水合物的海洋地球物理研究进展[J],地球物理学进展,2002,17(2),224~229.
[10]Singh S C,Minshull T A,Spence C D.velocity structure of agas hydrate reflector[J].Science,1993,260(1):204~207.
[11]Singh S C,Minshull T A.Velocity structure of a gas hydratereflector at Ocean Drilling Program site 889 from a globalseismic waveform inversion[J\〗.J.Geophys.Res.,1994,99(6):24221~24233.
[12]Lu S M,George A M,G.A.Estimation of gas hydrate andfree gas saturation,concentration,and distribution from seis-mic data[J].Geophysics,2002,67(2):582~593.
[13]张聿文,刘学伟,金玉洁.含天然气水合物地层的速度和衰减研究[J].石油地球物理勘探,2004,39(2):205~214.
[14]Lu S M,George A M.Elastic impedance inversion of multi-channel seismic data from unconsolidated sediments contai-ning gas hydrate and free gas[J].GEOPHYSICS,2004,69(1):164~179.
[15]Hato M,Matsuoka T,Inamori T,et al.Detection of meth-ane-hydrate-bearing zones using seismic attributes analysis[J].THE LEADING EDGE,2006,25(5):607~609.
[16]Milo M B,Paul E M,Bob A.H,et al.High-resolution multi-component seismic imaging of deepwater gas-hydrate systems[J].THE LEADING EDGE,2006,25(5):578~596.
[17]宋海斌,等,海洋天然气水合物地球物理研究(II):岩石物性[J].地球物理学进展,2001,16(2):118~126.
[18]Christinen E,Jack D,Amos N.Sediments with gas hydratesstructure from seismic AVO[J].GEOPHYSICS,1998,63(5):1959~1669.
[19]Diana S,Bob A H.Rock physics characterization of hydrate-bearing deepwater sediments[J].THE LEADING EDGE,2006,25(5):616~619.
[20]Shyam C,Tim A,Minshull,D G,et al.Elastic velocity modelsfor gas-hydrate-bearing sediments-a comparison.Geophysics.J.Int,2004,159:573~590.
[21]R.D Hyndman,G.D Spence,R.Chapman,M.Riedel,R.NEdards.Geophysical studies of marine gas hydrate in North-ern Cascadia[A].Natural gas hydrates:Occurrence,Distri-bution,and Detection[C],Geophysical Monograph 124,A-merican Geophysical Union,2001:273~295.
[22]M.Vanneste,M.De Batist,A.Golmshtok,A.Kremlev,et al.Multi-frequency seismic study of gas hydrate-bearingsediments in Lake Baikal,Siberia[J].Marine Geology,2001,172:1~21.
[23]Ecker C,Dvorkin J,Nur A M.Estimating the amount of gashydrate and free gas from marine seismic data[J],Geophys-ics,2000,65,565~573.
[24]宋海斌,MatsubayashiOsamu,杨胜雄,等.含天然气水合物沉积物的岩石物性模型与似海底反射层的AVA特征[J].地球物理学报,2002,45(4):546~556.
[25]牛滨华,文鹏飞,温宁,等.基于BSR的AVO正演估算水合物含量方法的研究[J].地球物理学报,2006,49(1):143~152.
[26]Tinivella A F.Compressional velocity structure and Poisson’s ratio in marine sediments with gas hydrate and free gas byinversion of reflected and refracted seismic data(South Shet-land Island,Antarctica)[J].Marine Geology,2000,164(1):13~27.
[27]Dhananjay Kumar,Mrinal K.Sen,Nathan L.Bangs.Seis-mic characteristics of gas hydrates at Hydrate Ridge,offshoreOregon[J].THE LEADING EDGE,2006,25(5):610~614.
[28]Riedel M,Spence G D,Chapman N R.Deep-sea gas hydrateson the northern Cascadia margin[J].THE LEADINGEDGE,2001,20(1):87~92.
[29]Timothy S.Collett.A review of well-log analysis techniquesused to assess gas-hydrate-bearing reservoirs[A].Naturalgas hydrates:Occurrence,Distribution,and Detection[C],Geophysical Monograph 124,American Geophysical Union,2001:189~210.
[30]Donn M G,Steve R,Tom W,et al.Gas hydrate explorationwith 3D VSP technology,North Slope,Alaska.SEG Int'lExposition and 74th Annual Meeting.
[31]徐宁,吴时国,王秀娟,等.东海冲绳海槽陆坡天然气水合物的地震学研究[J].地球物理学进展,2006,21(2):564~571.
[32]陈林,宋海斌.海底天然气渗漏的地球物理特征及识别方法[J].地球物理学进展,2005,20(4):1067~1073.
[33]唐勇,金翔龙,方银霞,等.冲绳海槽天然气水合物BSR地震研究[J].海洋学报,2003,25(4):59~66.
[34]孙春岩,牛滨华,文鹏飞,等.海上E区天然气水合物地质、地震、地球化学特征综合研究与成藏远景预测[J].地球物理学报2004,47(6):1076~1085.
[35]张聿文、刘学伟、李海鸥.基于单相与双相介质拟海底反射的AVO研究[J].石油物探,2004,43(3):209~217.
[36]张璐,印兴耀,孙成禹.双相介质的AVO正演模拟[J].地球物理学进展,2005,20(2):319~322.
[37]孙春岩,章明昱,牛滨华,等.天然气水合物地震似海底反射现象AVO正演模型研究[J].现代地质,2003,17(3):337~344.
[38]徐仲达、屠浩敏、邬庆良.平面波反射系数与AVO技术[J],石油物探,1991,30(3):1~21.
[39]徐仲达编著,地震波理论[A].上海:同济大学出版社,1997.
[40]宋海斌、松林修、仓本真一,天然气水合物似海底反射层的全波形反演[J],地球物理学报,2003,46(1):42~46.
[41]Xia H Y,Mrinal K S,Paul L S.Mapping of elastic proper-ties of gas hydrates in the Carolina trough by waveform inver-sion[J].GEOPHYSICS,2000,65(3):735~744.
[42]王秀娟,吴时国,徐宁.地震属性参数在识别天然气水合物和游离气分布模式中的应用[J].海洋与湖沼,2006,37(5):271~279.
[43]王淑红,宋海斌,颜文.地球系统中的天然气水合物-天然气体系研究展望[J].地球物理学进展,2006,21(1):232~243.
[44]方银霞,黎明碧,初凤友.海底天然气水合物中甲烷逸出对全球气候的影响[J].地球物理学进展,2004,19(2):286~290.
[45]王淑红,宋海斌,颜文.全球与区域天然气水合物中天然气资源量估算[J].地球物理学进展,2005,20(4):1145~1154.
[46]王淑红,宋海斌,颜文.外界条件变化对天然气水合物相平衡曲线及稳定带厚度的影响[J].地球物理学进展,2005,20(3):761~768.
[47]王保丽,印兴耀,张繁昌.弹性阻抗反演及应用研究[J].地球物理学进展,2005,20(1):89~92.
[48]王秀娟,吴时国,刘学伟.天然气水合物和游离气饱和度估算的影响因素.地球物理学报,2006,49(2):504~511.
[2]宋海斌,等,海洋天然气水合物地球物理研究(II):地震方法[J].地球物理学进展,2001,16(3):110~118.
[3]Rowe M,Gettrust L F.Faulted structure of the bottom-sim-ulating reflector on the Blake Ridge,western North Atlantic[J].Geology,1993,21(6):811~836.
[4]Fink C P,Spence C d.Hydrate distribution off Vancouuver Is-land from Multifrequency single-channel seismic reflection data[J].J.Geophys.Res.,1999,104(5):2909~2922.
[5]Katzman,Holbrooh W S,Paull C K.Combined vertical-inci-dence and wide-angle seismic study of a gas hydrate zone,Blake Ridge[J].J.Geophys.Res.,1994,99(4):1975~1995.
[6]Holbrook W S,Hoshing H,Wood W T,et al.The Leg 164Science Party,Methane hydrate and free gas on the BlakeRidge from vertical seismic profiling[J].Science,1996,273(5):1840~1843.
[7]Karin A,Patrick E H,Mary M.Amplitude versus offsetmodeling of the bottom simulating reflection associated withsubmarine gas hydrates[J].Marine Geology,1997,137(1):25~40.
[8]Dai J C,Xu H B,Fred S,et al.Detection and estimation of gashydrates using rock physics and seismic inversion:Examplesfrom the northern deepwater Gulf of Mexico[J].the LeadingEdge,2004,23(1):60~70.
[9]宋海斌、江为为、张文生、郝天珧.天然气水合物的海洋地球物理研究进展[J],地球物理学进展,2002,17(2),224~229.
[10]Singh S C,Minshull T A,Spence C D.velocity structure of agas hydrate reflector[J].Science,1993,260(1):204~207.
[11]Singh S C,Minshull T A.Velocity structure of a gas hydratereflector at Ocean Drilling Program site 889 from a globalseismic waveform inversion[J\〗.J.Geophys.Res.,1994,99(6):24221~24233.
[12]Lu S M,George A M,G.A.Estimation of gas hydrate andfree gas saturation,concentration,and distribution from seis-mic data[J].Geophysics,2002,67(2):582~593.
[13]张聿文,刘学伟,金玉洁.含天然气水合物地层的速度和衰减研究[J].石油地球物理勘探,2004,39(2):205~214.
[14]Lu S M,George A M.Elastic impedance inversion of multi-channel seismic data from unconsolidated sediments contai-ning gas hydrate and free gas[J].GEOPHYSICS,2004,69(1):164~179.
[15]Hato M,Matsuoka T,Inamori T,et al.Detection of meth-ane-hydrate-bearing zones using seismic attributes analysis[J].THE LEADING EDGE,2006,25(5):607~609.
[16]Milo M B,Paul E M,Bob A.H,et al.High-resolution multi-component seismic imaging of deepwater gas-hydrate systems[J].THE LEADING EDGE,2006,25(5):578~596.
[17]宋海斌,等,海洋天然气水合物地球物理研究(II):岩石物性[J].地球物理学进展,2001,16(2):118~126.
[18]Christinen E,Jack D,Amos N.Sediments with gas hydratesstructure from seismic AVO[J].GEOPHYSICS,1998,63(5):1959~1669.
[19]Diana S,Bob A H.Rock physics characterization of hydrate-bearing deepwater sediments[J].THE LEADING EDGE,2006,25(5):616~619.
[20]Shyam C,Tim A,Minshull,D G,et al.Elastic velocity modelsfor gas-hydrate-bearing sediments-a comparison.Geophysics.J.Int,2004,159:573~590.
[21]R.D Hyndman,G.D Spence,R.Chapman,M.Riedel,R.NEdards.Geophysical studies of marine gas hydrate in North-ern Cascadia[A].Natural gas hydrates:Occurrence,Distri-bution,and Detection[C],Geophysical Monograph 124,A-merican Geophysical Union,2001:273~295.
[22]M.Vanneste,M.De Batist,A.Golmshtok,A.Kremlev,et al.Multi-frequency seismic study of gas hydrate-bearingsediments in Lake Baikal,Siberia[J].Marine Geology,2001,172:1~21.
[23]Ecker C,Dvorkin J,Nur A M.Estimating the amount of gashydrate and free gas from marine seismic data[J],Geophys-ics,2000,65,565~573.
[24]宋海斌,MatsubayashiOsamu,杨胜雄,等.含天然气水合物沉积物的岩石物性模型与似海底反射层的AVA特征[J].地球物理学报,2002,45(4):546~556.
[25]牛滨华,文鹏飞,温宁,等.基于BSR的AVO正演估算水合物含量方法的研究[J].地球物理学报,2006,49(1):143~152.
[26]Tinivella A F.Compressional velocity structure and Poisson’s ratio in marine sediments with gas hydrate and free gas byinversion of reflected and refracted seismic data(South Shet-land Island,Antarctica)[J].Marine Geology,2000,164(1):13~27.
[27]Dhananjay Kumar,Mrinal K.Sen,Nathan L.Bangs.Seis-mic characteristics of gas hydrates at Hydrate Ridge,offshoreOregon[J].THE LEADING EDGE,2006,25(5):610~614.
[28]Riedel M,Spence G D,Chapman N R.Deep-sea gas hydrateson the northern Cascadia margin[J].THE LEADINGEDGE,2001,20(1):87~92.
[29]Timothy S.Collett.A review of well-log analysis techniquesused to assess gas-hydrate-bearing reservoirs[A].Naturalgas hydrates:Occurrence,Distribution,and Detection[C],Geophysical Monograph 124,American Geophysical Union,2001:189~210.
[30]Donn M G,Steve R,Tom W,et al.Gas hydrate explorationwith 3D VSP technology,North Slope,Alaska.SEG Int'lExposition and 74th Annual Meeting.
[31]徐宁,吴时国,王秀娟,等.东海冲绳海槽陆坡天然气水合物的地震学研究[J].地球物理学进展,2006,21(2):564~571.
[32]陈林,宋海斌.海底天然气渗漏的地球物理特征及识别方法[J].地球物理学进展,2005,20(4):1067~1073.
[33]唐勇,金翔龙,方银霞,等.冲绳海槽天然气水合物BSR地震研究[J].海洋学报,2003,25(4):59~66.
[34]孙春岩,牛滨华,文鹏飞,等.海上E区天然气水合物地质、地震、地球化学特征综合研究与成藏远景预测[J].地球物理学报2004,47(6):1076~1085.
[35]张聿文、刘学伟、李海鸥.基于单相与双相介质拟海底反射的AVO研究[J].石油物探,2004,43(3):209~217.
[36]张璐,印兴耀,孙成禹.双相介质的AVO正演模拟[J].地球物理学进展,2005,20(2):319~322.
[37]孙春岩,章明昱,牛滨华,等.天然气水合物地震似海底反射现象AVO正演模型研究[J].现代地质,2003,17(3):337~344.
[38]徐仲达、屠浩敏、邬庆良.平面波反射系数与AVO技术[J],石油物探,1991,30(3):1~21.
[39]徐仲达编著,地震波理论[A].上海:同济大学出版社,1997.
[40]宋海斌、松林修、仓本真一,天然气水合物似海底反射层的全波形反演[J],地球物理学报,2003,46(1):42~46.
[41]Xia H Y,Mrinal K S,Paul L S.Mapping of elastic proper-ties of gas hydrates in the Carolina trough by waveform inver-sion[J].GEOPHYSICS,2000,65(3):735~744.
[42]王秀娟,吴时国,徐宁.地震属性参数在识别天然气水合物和游离气分布模式中的应用[J].海洋与湖沼,2006,37(5):271~279.
[43]王淑红,宋海斌,颜文.地球系统中的天然气水合物-天然气体系研究展望[J].地球物理学进展,2006,21(1):232~243.
[44]方银霞,黎明碧,初凤友.海底天然气水合物中甲烷逸出对全球气候的影响[J].地球物理学进展,2004,19(2):286~290.
[45]王淑红,宋海斌,颜文.全球与区域天然气水合物中天然气资源量估算[J].地球物理学进展,2005,20(4):1145~1154.
[46]王淑红,宋海斌,颜文.外界条件变化对天然气水合物相平衡曲线及稳定带厚度的影响[J].地球物理学进展,2005,20(3):761~768.
[47]王保丽,印兴耀,张繁昌.弹性阻抗反演及应用研究[J].地球物理学进展,2005,20(1):89~92.
[48]王秀娟,吴时国,刘学伟.天然气水合物和游离气饱和度估算的影响因素.地球物理学报,2006,49(2):504~511.
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