天然气水合物勘探-开发-储运-环境响应研究新进展——第五届天然气水合物国际会议简介
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摘要
主要根据第五届天然气水合物国际会议(ICGH5)的资料,介绍了天然气水合物勘探、开发、储运和环境响应研究的新进展。在勘探、开发方面,主要使用多维地震和核磁共振等方法来研究天然气水合物的分布情况,并根据天然气水合物声阻抗与沉积物孔隙度之间的关系来估算天然气水合物的资源量;在储运方面,与传统的液化天然气方法相比,以天然气水合物丸粒形式储运天然气所需的费用和所消耗的总能量以及所释放出的CO2相对较少;在环境响应方面,对深海储存CO2以及CH4流体对海洋和大气影响的研究,为解决天然气水合物可能引起的环境问题提供了新的思路。最后,介绍了各国天然气水合物的研究情况,并对天然气水合物研究中尚需解决的问题进行了展望。
This paper introduces the new research developments of gas hydrates on exploration, resources, storage-transportation and environment based on the Proceeding of the Fifth International Conference on Gas Hydrates(ICGH5). Multi-dimension seismic survey and NMR methods are applied to show regional distribution of gas hydrate while acoustic impedance for rock property information has been used to calculate the amount. On the other hand, it illustrates that the transportation of natural gas in the form of natural gas hydrate (NGH) pellet is a new means of natural gas transport, which is seemingly superior to the traditional way of liquefied natural gas(LNG). Hydrates for deep ocean storage of CO_2 and study of methane flow provide a new conception to solve the environmental problems due to gas hydrates. Finally, it discusses the researches on gas hydrate of different countries and gives an expectation of challenging problems in gas hydrate.
This paper introduces the new research developments of gas hydrates on exploration, resources, storage-transportation and environment based on the Proceeding of the Fifth International Conference on Gas Hydrates(ICGH5). Multi-dimension seismic survey and NMR methods are applied to show regional distribution of gas hydrate while acoustic impedance for rock property information has been used to calculate the amount. On the other hand, it illustrates that the transportation of natural gas in the form of natural gas hydrate (NGH) pellet is a new means of natural gas transport, which is seemingly superior to the traditional way of liquefied natural gas(LNG). Hydrates for deep ocean storage of CO_2 and study of methane flow provide a new conception to solve the environmental problems due to gas hydrates. Finally, it discusses the researches on gas hydrate of different countries and gives an expectation of challenging problems in gas hydrate.
引文
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[3]Egeberg P K,Dickens G R.Thermodynamic and Pore Water Halogen Constraints on Gas Hydrate Distribution at ODP Site997(Blake Ridge)[J].Chemical Geology,1999,153(1-4):53-79.
[4]吴志强,陈建文,龚建明,等.AVO技术在水合物勘探中的应用[J].海洋地质动态,2004,20(6):31-35.
[5]NouzéH,Lafoy Y,Géli L,et al.First Results of a High Res-olution Seismic Study of a Bottom Si mulation Reflector in the Fairway Basin,Offshore New Caledonia[C]∥Anon.Proceed-ings ofthe Fifth International Conference on Gas Hydrates.Trondhei m,Norway:[s.n.],2005:875-881.
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[7]Westbook G K,Buenz S,Camerlenghi A,et al.Measurement of P-and S-Wave Velocities,and the Esti mation of Hydrate Concentration at Sites in the Continental Margin of Svalbard and the Storegga Region of Norway[C]∥Anon.Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Gas Hydrates.Trondhei m,Norway:[s.n.],2005:726-735.
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[10]Asakawa E,Ward P,Vanneste M,et al.Ocean BottomSeis-mometer Wide-Angle Reflection Study of Gas Hydrate Accu-mulations in Nankai Trough,Offshore Tokai,Japan[C]∥A-non.Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Gas Hydrates.Trondhei m,Norway:[s.n.],2005:984-991.
[11]Accaino F,Tinivella U.Gas Hydrates and Active Fluid Out-flow Offshore the South Shetland Margin[C]∥Anon.Pro-ceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Gas Hy-drates.Trondhei m,Norway:[s.n.],2005:884-889.
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[15]Murray D,Osawa O,Kleinberg R,et al.Formation Evalua-tion Techniques to Esti mate Gas Hydrate Saturation[C]∥A-non.Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Gas Hydrates.Trondhei m,Norway:[s.n.],2005:408-415.
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[19]Takeuchi R,Matsumoto R.Geochemistry of Interstitial Water in the Nankai Trough,South of Japan[C]∥Anon.Proceed-ings ofthe Fifth International Conference on Gas Hydrates.Trondhei m,Norway:[s.n.],2005:908-912.
[20]Minami H,Sakagami H,Hachikubo A,et al.Some Ion Con-centration Profiles in Pore Water Samples from Gas Hydrate-Bearing Sedi ments Offshore Sakhalin[C]∥Anon.Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Gas Hydrates.Trondhei m,Norway:[s.n.],2005:1049-1051.
[21]Ussler Iii W,Paull C K,Chen Y,et al.The Consequences of Methane Oxidation at the Sulfate-Methane Interfacein a Meth-ane-Rich Core fromthe Northern Gulf of Mexico[C]∥Anon.Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Gas Hydrates.Trondhei m,Norway:[s.n.],2005:1056-1062.
[22]Priest J,Best A,Clayton C,et al.Seismic Properties of Methane Gas Hydrate-Bearing Sand[C]∥Anon.Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Gas Hydrates.Trondhei m,Norway:[s.n.],2005:440-447.
[23]Yang J,Llamedo M,Marinakis D,et al.Successful Applica-tion of a Versatile Ultrasonic Test Systemfor Gas Hydrates in Unconsolidated Sedi ments[C]∥Anon.Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Gas Hydrates.Trond-hei m,Norway:[s.n.],2005:340-346.
[24]Ye Y,Liu C,Liu S,et al.Experi mental Studies on Several Significant Problems Related Marine Gas Hydrate[C]∥Anon.Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Gas Hydrates.Trondhei m,Norway:[s.n.],2005:1568-1574.
[25]Winters WJ,Waite WF,Mason D H,et al.Effect of Grain Size and Pore Pressure on Acoustic and Strength Behavior of Sedi ments Containing Methane Gas Hydrate[C]∥Anon.Pro-ceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Gas Hy-drates.Trondhei m,Norway:[s.n.],2005:507-516.
[26]Ellis M H,Minshull T A,Best AI,et al.Joint Seismic and Electrical Measurements of Gas Hydrates in Continental Mar-gin Sedi ments[C]∥Anon.Proceedings of the Fifth Interna-tional Conference on Gas Hydrates.Trondhei m,Norway:[s.n.],2005:545-554.
[27]Gudmundsson J S,Borrehaug A.Frozen Hydrate for Trans-port of Natural Gas[C]∥Anon.Proceedings of2nd Interna-tional Conference on Gas Hydrates.Toulouse,France:[s.n.],1996:415-422.
[28]Iwasaki T,Katoh Y,Nagamori S,et al.Continuous Natural Gas Hydrate Pellet Production(NGHP)by Process Develop-ment Unit(PDU)[C]∥Anon.Proceedings of the Fifth In-ternational Conference on Gas Hydrates.Trondhei m,Nor-way:[s.n.],2005:1107-1115.
[29]Kanda H,Uchida K,Nakamura K,et al.Economics and En-ergy Requirements on Natural Gas Ocean Transport in Formof Natural Gas Hydrate(NGH)Pellets[C]∥Anon.Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Gas Hydrates.Trondhei m,Norway:[s.n.],2005:1275-1282.
[30]Takaoki T,Hirai K,Kamei M,et al.Study of Natural Gas Hydrate(NGH)Carriers[C]∥Anon.Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Gas Hydrates.Trond-hei m,Norway:[s.n.],2005:1258-1265.
[31]于晓果,李家彪.天然气水合物分解及其生态环境效应研究进展[J].地球科学进展,2004,19(6):947-954.
[32]Zeng H,Brown A,Wathen B,et al.Antifreeze Proteins:Ad-sorption to Ice,Silica and Gas Hydrates[C]∥Anon.Proceed-ings ofthe Fifth International Conference on Gas Hydrates.Trondhei m,Norway:[s.n.],2005:1-7.
[33]Kennett J P,Hill T M.Methane Hydrates in Quaternary Cli-mate Change[C]∥Anon.Proceedings of the Fifth Interna-tional Conference on Gas Hydrates.Trondhei m,Norway:[s.n.],2005:759-770.
[34]Jadhawar P,Yang J,Jadhawar J,et al.Preli minary Experi-mental Investigation on Replacing Methane in Hydrates Struc-ture with Carbon Dioxide in Porous Media[C]∥Anon.Pro-ceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Gas Hy-drates.Trondhei m,Norway:[s.n.],2005:1006-1011.
[35]Andersson V,Woodhouse S,Graff O.Hydrates for Deep O-cean Storage of CO2[C]∥Anon.Proceedings ofthe Fifth In-ternational Conference on Gas Hydrates.Trondhei m,Nor-way:[s.n.],2005:1135-1140.
[36]Lee J D,Englezos P.A Powerful Synergismto Enhance Ki-netic in Hibition[C]∥Anon.Proceedings of the Fifth Inter-national Conference on Gas Hydrates.Trondhei m,Norway:[s.n.],2005:44-53.
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[2]陈敏,曹志敏,龚建明,等.海底天然气水合物地球化学勘探新技术[J].矿物岩石,2004,24(4):102-107.
[3]Egeberg P K,Dickens G R.Thermodynamic and Pore Water Halogen Constraints on Gas Hydrate Distribution at ODP Site997(Blake Ridge)[J].Chemical Geology,1999,153(1-4):53-79.
[4]吴志强,陈建文,龚建明,等.AVO技术在水合物勘探中的应用[J].海洋地质动态,2004,20(6):31-35.
[5]NouzéH,Lafoy Y,Géli L,et al.First Results of a High Res-olution Seismic Study of a Bottom Si mulation Reflector in the Fairway Basin,Offshore New Caledonia[C]∥Anon.Proceed-ings ofthe Fifth International Conference on Gas Hydrates.Trondhei m,Norway:[s.n.],2005:875-881.
[6]Saeki T,Hayashi M,Inamori T,et al.Velocity Structure of the Kumand Basin in the Nankan Trough[C]∥Anon.Pro-ceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Gas Hy-drates.Trondhei m,Norway:[s.n.],2005:683-689.
[7]Westbook G K,Buenz S,Camerlenghi A,et al.Measurement of P-and S-Wave Velocities,and the Esti mation of Hydrate Concentration at Sites in the Continental Margin of Svalbard and the Storegga Region of Norway[C]∥Anon.Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Gas Hydrates.Trondhei m,Norway:[s.n.],2005:726-735.
[8]Haacke R R,Westbrook G K,Peacock S,et al.Seismic Anisot-ropy froma Marine Gas Hydrate System West of Svalbard[C]∥Anon.Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Gas Hydrates.Trondhei m,Norway:[s.n.],2005:621-630.
[9]Bünz S,Mienert J,Andreassen K.Multi-Component Seismic Technology in Gas Hydrate Investigations on the Mid-Norwe-gian Margin[C]∥Anon.Proceedings of the Fifth Interna-tional Conference on Gas Hydrates.Trondhei m,Norway:[s.n.],2005:980-983.
[10]Asakawa E,Ward P,Vanneste M,et al.Ocean BottomSeis-mometer Wide-Angle Reflection Study of Gas Hydrate Accu-mulations in Nankai Trough,Offshore Tokai,Japan[C]∥A-non.Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Gas Hydrates.Trondhei m,Norway:[s.n.],2005:984-991.
[11]Accaino F,Tinivella U.Gas Hydrates and Active Fluid Out-flow Offshore the South Shetland Margin[C]∥Anon.Pro-ceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Gas Hy-drates.Trondhei m,Norway:[s.n.],2005:884-889.
[12]Jin Y K,NamS H,Hong J K,et al.Esti mates of Heat Flow from Gas Hydrate-BSRs on the Northeastern South Shetland Margin,Antarctic Peninsula[C]∥Anon.Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Gas Hydrates.Trondhei m,Norway:[s.n.],2005:848-851.
[13]Willoughby E C,Schwalenberg K,Edwards R N,et al.As-sessment of Marine Gas Hydrate Deposits:A Comparative Study of Seismic,Electromagnetic and Seafloor Compliance Methods[C]∥Anon.Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Gas Hydrates.Trondhei m,Norway:[s.n.],2005:802-811.
[14]Fujii T,Namikawa T,Nakamizu M,et al.Modes of Occur-rence and Accumulation Mechanism of Methane Hydrate-Re-sult of METI Exploratory Test Wells′Tokai-Oki to Kumano-Nada′[C]∥Anon.Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Gas Hydrates.Trondhei m,Norway:[s.n.],2005:974-979.
[15]Murray D,Osawa O,Kleinberg R,et al.Formation Evalua-tion Techniques to Esti mate Gas Hydrate Saturation[C]∥A-non.Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Gas Hydrates.Trondhei m,Norway:[s.n.],2005:408-415.
[16]Chand S,Minshull T.Gas Hydrate Saturation from Effective MediumInversion of Seismic Data[C]∥Anon.Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Gas Hydrates.Trond-hei m,Norway:[s.n.],2005:535-540.
[17]Müller C,Bonnemann C,Behain D,et al.Seismic Methods for a Quantitative Analysis of Gas Hydrate Deposits[C]∥A-non.Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Gas Hydrates.Trondhei m,Norway:[s.n.],2005:1043-1048.
[18]Lorenson T D,Collett T S,Whiticar MJ.Origin of Hydro-carbon Gases in Gas Hydrate from Alaska,USA[C]∥Anon.Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Gas Hydrates.Trondhei m,Norway:[s.n.],2005:992-999.
[19]Takeuchi R,Matsumoto R.Geochemistry of Interstitial Water in the Nankai Trough,South of Japan[C]∥Anon.Proceed-ings ofthe Fifth International Conference on Gas Hydrates.Trondhei m,Norway:[s.n.],2005:908-912.
[20]Minami H,Sakagami H,Hachikubo A,et al.Some Ion Con-centration Profiles in Pore Water Samples from Gas Hydrate-Bearing Sedi ments Offshore Sakhalin[C]∥Anon.Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Gas Hydrates.Trondhei m,Norway:[s.n.],2005:1049-1051.
[21]Ussler Iii W,Paull C K,Chen Y,et al.The Consequences of Methane Oxidation at the Sulfate-Methane Interfacein a Meth-ane-Rich Core fromthe Northern Gulf of Mexico[C]∥Anon.Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Gas Hydrates.Trondhei m,Norway:[s.n.],2005:1056-1062.
[22]Priest J,Best A,Clayton C,et al.Seismic Properties of Methane Gas Hydrate-Bearing Sand[C]∥Anon.Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Gas Hydrates.Trondhei m,Norway:[s.n.],2005:440-447.
[23]Yang J,Llamedo M,Marinakis D,et al.Successful Applica-tion of a Versatile Ultrasonic Test Systemfor Gas Hydrates in Unconsolidated Sedi ments[C]∥Anon.Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Gas Hydrates.Trond-hei m,Norway:[s.n.],2005:340-346.
[24]Ye Y,Liu C,Liu S,et al.Experi mental Studies on Several Significant Problems Related Marine Gas Hydrate[C]∥Anon.Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Gas Hydrates.Trondhei m,Norway:[s.n.],2005:1568-1574.
[25]Winters WJ,Waite WF,Mason D H,et al.Effect of Grain Size and Pore Pressure on Acoustic and Strength Behavior of Sedi ments Containing Methane Gas Hydrate[C]∥Anon.Pro-ceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Gas Hy-drates.Trondhei m,Norway:[s.n.],2005:507-516.
[26]Ellis M H,Minshull T A,Best AI,et al.Joint Seismic and Electrical Measurements of Gas Hydrates in Continental Mar-gin Sedi ments[C]∥Anon.Proceedings of the Fifth Interna-tional Conference on Gas Hydrates.Trondhei m,Norway:[s.n.],2005:545-554.
[27]Gudmundsson J S,Borrehaug A.Frozen Hydrate for Trans-port of Natural Gas[C]∥Anon.Proceedings of2nd Interna-tional Conference on Gas Hydrates.Toulouse,France:[s.n.],1996:415-422.
[28]Iwasaki T,Katoh Y,Nagamori S,et al.Continuous Natural Gas Hydrate Pellet Production(NGHP)by Process Develop-ment Unit(PDU)[C]∥Anon.Proceedings of the Fifth In-ternational Conference on Gas Hydrates.Trondhei m,Nor-way:[s.n.],2005:1107-1115.
[29]Kanda H,Uchida K,Nakamura K,et al.Economics and En-ergy Requirements on Natural Gas Ocean Transport in Formof Natural Gas Hydrate(NGH)Pellets[C]∥Anon.Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Gas Hydrates.Trondhei m,Norway:[s.n.],2005:1275-1282.
[30]Takaoki T,Hirai K,Kamei M,et al.Study of Natural Gas Hydrate(NGH)Carriers[C]∥Anon.Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Gas Hydrates.Trond-hei m,Norway:[s.n.],2005:1258-1265.
[31]于晓果,李家彪.天然气水合物分解及其生态环境效应研究进展[J].地球科学进展,2004,19(6):947-954.
[32]Zeng H,Brown A,Wathen B,et al.Antifreeze Proteins:Ad-sorption to Ice,Silica and Gas Hydrates[C]∥Anon.Proceed-ings ofthe Fifth International Conference on Gas Hydrates.Trondhei m,Norway:[s.n.],2005:1-7.
[33]Kennett J P,Hill T M.Methane Hydrates in Quaternary Cli-mate Change[C]∥Anon.Proceedings of the Fifth Interna-tional Conference on Gas Hydrates.Trondhei m,Norway:[s.n.],2005:759-770.
[34]Jadhawar P,Yang J,Jadhawar J,et al.Preli minary Experi-mental Investigation on Replacing Methane in Hydrates Struc-ture with Carbon Dioxide in Porous Media[C]∥Anon.Pro-ceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Gas Hy-drates.Trondhei m,Norway:[s.n.],2005:1006-1011.
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