岩石变形破裂过程中电荷感应信号的检测
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摘要
设计了采用非接触方式、高放大倍数、高效率的电荷传感器,并给出了电荷传感器的设计原理和技术指标。利用研制的电荷传感器对岩石变形破裂过程中产生的电荷感应信号进行了检测试验。结果表明,岩石在变形破裂过程中会产生电荷感应信号,并能够被研制的电荷传感器检测到;电荷感应信号是瞬时脉冲的;随着加载应力水平的增加,电荷感应信号强度增强,在峰值应力前,电荷感应信号强度达到最大值;在破裂面接收到的电荷感应信号较强,主破裂面接收到的信号最强,因而电荷的产生和岩石的破裂有很大的关系。作为正在探索的检测岩石破坏过程的手段之一,电荷感应方法应是一种很具潜力的方法,值得深入研究。
A non-contact,high-magnification,high-speed charge sensor is designed,and the design principles and technical indicators of the charge sensor are given.An experiment on the charge-induced signal during the deformation and fracture process under uniaxial compression was conducted by means of the self-designed charge sensor.The results indicate that the charge-induced signals during the rock deformation and fracture process can be detected by the self-designed charge sensor.There are the charge-induced signals during the rock deformation and fracture process.Some pulse-like transient variations in the charge-induced signals appear in the deformation and fracture process.With the increase of the rock stress,the strength of the charge-induced signals increases,and the signal intensity reaches maximum value before the rock peak stress.The charge-induced signals are lower at the small deformation and crack surface of the specimen.The signals received in fractured surface are stronger and the signals received at the main fracture surface are strongest.That indicates the charge generation has a great relationship with rock failure.The charge induction method should be a very potential approach for exploring the rock failure process.It is worth to study intensively.
A non-contact,high-magnification,high-speed charge sensor is designed,and the design principles and technical indicators of the charge sensor are given.An experiment on the charge-induced signal during the deformation and fracture process under uniaxial compression was conducted by means of the self-designed charge sensor.The results indicate that the charge-induced signals during the rock deformation and fracture process can be detected by the self-designed charge sensor.There are the charge-induced signals during the rock deformation and fracture process.Some pulse-like transient variations in the charge-induced signals appear in the deformation and fracture process.With the increase of the rock stress,the strength of the charge-induced signals increases,and the signal intensity reaches maximum value before the rock peak stress.The charge-induced signals are lower at the small deformation and crack surface of the specimen.The signals received in fractured surface are stronger and the signals received at the main fracture surface are strongest.That indicates the charge generation has a great relationship with rock failure.The charge induction method should be a very potential approach for exploring the rock failure process.It is worth to study intensively.
引文
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[16]汪氵风,张乔根,罗毅,等.用改进的静电探头测量绝缘子表面电荷[J].传感器技术,2002,21(4):15-16.Wang F,Zhang Q G,Luo Y,et al.Measuring ofsurface charge of insulator using improved electrostat-ic probe[J].Journal of Transducer Technology,2002,21(4):15-16.
[17]耿波,方方,张国华,等.两种用于氡气测量装置的电荷灵敏前置放大器的研制[J].核电子学与探测技术,2005,25(6):813-815.Geng B,Fang F,Zhang G H,et al.Development oftwo types of sensitive charge preamplifier for Rn mea-sure device[J].Nuclear Electronics&DetectionTechnology,2005,25(6):813-815.
[18]童诗白,华成英.模拟电子技术基础[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2003.Tong S B,Hua C Y.Fundamentals of Analog Elec-tronics[M].Beijing:Higher Education Press,2003.
[2]BoдapoовичMΠиΠapхоменкоэИ.Πъезоэлект-рическииэффектяорнвыхпород,Изв,AнСССР,cep.reoфиз[J].1995,(2):215-222.
[3]Kuksenko V S,Makhmudov Kh F.Mechanically-in-duced electrical effects in natural dielectrics[J].Technical Physics Letters,1997,23(2):126-127.
[4]Kuksenko V S,Makhmudov Kh F,Ponomarev A V.Relaxation of electric fields induced by mechanicalloading in natural dielectrics[J].Physics of the SolidState,1997,39(7):1065-1066.
[5]郭自强,周大庄,施行觉,等.岩石破裂中的电子发射[J].地球物理学报,1988,31(5):566-571.Guo Z Q,Zhou D Z,Shi X J,et al.Electron emissionduring rock fracture[J].Acta Geophysica Sinica,1988,31(5):566-571.
[6]孙正江,王丽华,高宏.岩石标本破裂时的电磁辐射和光发射[J].地球物理学报,1986,29(5):491-495.Sun Z J,Wang L H,Gao H.Electromagnetic emissionand light radiation during fracture of rock samples[J].Acta Geophysica Sinica,1986,29(5):491-494.
[7]王丽华,孙正江,陈化然.岩石样品破裂时带电现象的研究[C]∥八十年代中国地球物理学进展.北京:学术期刊出版社,1989.204-209.Wang L H,Sun Z J,Chen HR.A research on electri-fication during rock fracturing[C]∥Geophysics inChina in the Eighties.Beijing:Academic Books andPeriodicals Press,1989.204-209.
[8]吴小平,施行觉,郭自强.花岗岩压缩带电的实验研究[J].地球物理学报,1990,33(2):208-211.Wu X P,Shi X J,Guo Z Q.Study of the electrifica-tion of granite samples under compression[J].ActaGeophysica Sinica,1990,33(2):208-211.
[9]Nitson U.Electromagnetic emission accompanyingfracture of quartz-bearing rocks[J].Geophysics Re-search Letters,1977(4):333-336.
[10]Warwick J W,Stoker C,Meyer T R.Radio emissionassociated with rock fracture:possible application tothe Great Chilean Earthquake of May 22,1960[J].Journal of Geaphysical Research Solid Earth,1992,87(B4):3851-3859.
[11]Maxwell M,Russell R D,Kepic A W,et al.Electro-magnetic responses from seismically excited targetsB:non-piezoelectric phenomena[J].Exploration Geo-physics,1992,23(2):201-208.
[12]Russell R D,Maxwell M,Butler K E,et al.Electro-magnetic responses from seismically excited targets,A:piezoelectric phenomena at Humboldt,Australia[J].Exploration Geophysics,1992,23(2):281-286.
[13]王继军,赵国泽,詹艳,等.中国地震电磁现象的岩石实验研究[J].大地测量与地球动力学,2005,25(2):22-28.Wang J J,Zhao G Z,Zhan Y,et al.Rock experimentsfor research on seismic electromagnetic phenomena inChina[J].Journal of Geodesy and Geodynamics,2005,25(2):22-28.
[14]Slifkin L.Seismic electric signals from displacementof charged dislocations[J].Tectonophysics,1993,(224):149-152.
[15]郝锦绮,刘力强,龙海丽,等.双轴压力下岩样自电位变化实验的新结果[J].地球物理学报,2004,47(3):475-482.Hao J Q,Liu L Q,Long HL,et al.New result of theexperiment on self-potential change of rocks under bi-axial compression[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2004,47(3):475-482.
[16]汪氵风,张乔根,罗毅,等.用改进的静电探头测量绝缘子表面电荷[J].传感器技术,2002,21(4):15-16.Wang F,Zhang Q G,Luo Y,et al.Measuring ofsurface charge of insulator using improved electrostat-ic probe[J].Journal of Transducer Technology,2002,21(4):15-16.
[17]耿波,方方,张国华,等.两种用于氡气测量装置的电荷灵敏前置放大器的研制[J].核电子学与探测技术,2005,25(6):813-815.Geng B,Fang F,Zhang G H,et al.Development oftwo types of sensitive charge preamplifier for Rn mea-sure device[J].Nuclear Electronics&DetectionTechnology,2005,25(6):813-815.
[18]童诗白,华成英.模拟电子技术基础[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2003.Tong S B,Hua C Y.Fundamentals of Analog Elec-tronics[M].Beijing:Higher Education Press,2003.
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