地震子波外推方法研究
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摘要
根据离散反演理论,综合测井和地震资料,充分考虑了地震子波的振幅特点和相位特点,给出了精确计算井旁地震子波的方法。在此基础上,针对测井与地震资料及地层的地质特点,提出了3种无井地震道处地震子波的外推方法,即反距离内插法、相位内插法和虚拟井法。其中反距离内插法是直接按照距离内插井旁子波;相位内插法则只内插井旁子波的相位,无井地震道处的振幅谱通过邻近的地震资料求出;虚拟井法是通过地震层序分析方法,由小波时频分析求出无井地震道处的虚拟反射系数后,进而得到无井地震道处的地震子波。介绍了各种方法的实现步骤,并给出了应用实例。结果表明,尽管各种方法计算的子波不同,但子波的变化是连续的。
According to the theory of discrete inversion,an accurate method of seismic wavelet extraction was proposed by using well log data and seismic data.The features of amplitude spectrum and phase spectrum of seismic wavelet were considered in the method.Integrating seismic data and geological data,three seismic wavelet extrapolation methods were presented,that is,inverse distance interpolation method,phase interpolation method and pseudo well log method.The seismic wavelets in well location were interpolated according to the inverse distance in the first method.Only the phase spectrums of the seismic wavelets in well location were interpolated in the second method,and the amplitude spectrums were computed by seismic data.While in the third method,wavelet time frequency distribution technique was used to compute the virtual reflection factor and the seismic wavelet.Detailed process for realizing these methods and examples were illustrated.The results show that the variances of the wavelets are continuous for all kinds of methods,though different wavelets are extracted.
According to the theory of discrete inversion,an accurate method of seismic wavelet extraction was proposed by using well log data and seismic data.The features of amplitude spectrum and phase spectrum of seismic wavelet were considered in the method.Integrating seismic data and geological data,three seismic wavelet extrapolation methods were presented,that is,inverse distance interpolation method,phase interpolation method and pseudo well log method.The seismic wavelets in well location were interpolated according to the inverse distance in the first method.Only the phase spectrums of the seismic wavelets in well location were interpolated in the second method,and the amplitude spectrums were computed by seismic data.While in the third method,wavelet time frequency distribution technique was used to compute the virtual reflection factor and the seismic wavelet.Detailed process for realizing these methods and examples were illustrated.The results show that the variances of the wavelets are continuous for all kinds of methods,though different wavelets are extracted.
引文
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[2]俞寿朋.高分辨率地震勘探[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1994.
[3]查中圻.提取子波的一种算法[J].石油地球物理勘探,1981,16(4):27-36.ZHA Zhong-q i.The algorithm to extract the wavelet[J].O il Geophysical Prospecting,1981,16(4):27-36.
[4]梁光河.地震子波提取方法研究[J].石油物探,1998,37(1):31-39.LIANG Guang-he.On the m ethods of se ism ic wavelet ex-traction[J].Geophysics Prospecting for Petroleum,1998,37(1):31-39.
[5]孙成禹.空变地震子波提取方法研究[J].石油大学学报:自然科学版,2000,24(1):77-80.SUN Cheng-yu.Study on the extraction of spatial variedse ism ic wavelet[J].Journal of the Un iversity of Petrole-um,Ch ina(Ed ition ofNatural Sc ience),2000,24(1):77-80.
[6]SHER IFF Robert E.Reservoir geophysics[C].USA:So-c iety of Exp loration Geophysics,1992.
[7]杨文采.地球物理反演的理论与方法[M].北京:地质出版社,1997.
[8]ZHANG Guang-zh i,Y IN X ing-yao.An acoustic imped-ance inversion approach using d iscrete inversion theory,74 th annual internate m tg soc exp l geophys expanded ab-stracts[C].USA:Soc iety of Exp loration Geophysics,2004.
[9]GREGORY D Lazear.M ixed phase wavelet estim ation u-sing fourth-order cumu lants[J].Geophysics,1993,58(7):1 042-1 051.
[10]VELIS D R and ULRYCH T J.S imu lated annealingwavelet estim ated via fourth-order cumu lants[J].Geo-physics,1996,61(6):1 939-1 948.
[11]夏洪瑞,周开明,黄桥,等.波阻抗反演技术中空变子波的求取[J].石油物探,2002,41(4):470-474.X IA Hong-ru i,ZHOU Kai-m ing,Huang Q iao,et al.Calcu lation of spatial variant wavelet in acoustic imped-ance inversion[J].Geophysics Prospecting for Petrole-um,2002,41(4):470-474.
[12]张广智,刘洪,印兴耀.井旁道地震子波精细提取方法[J].石油地球物理勘探,2005,40(2):158-162.ZHANG Guang-zh i,LIU Hong,Y IN X ing-yao.M ethodfor fine p ick ing up se ism ic wavelet at uphole trace[J].O il Geophysical Prospecting,2005,40(2):158-162.
[13]杜世通.地震层序模型与地震资料高分辨率处理[J].勘探家,1998,3(1):17-23.DU Sh i-tong.Se ism ic sequence model and h igh resolu-tion se ism ic data processing[J].Petroleum Exp loration-ist,1998,3(1):17-23.
[14]RUSSELL B rian H.Introduction to seism ic inversionmethod[C].USA:Soc iety of Exploration Geophysics,1990.
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