改进的小波分频重构算法在石油地震勘探中的应用
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摘要
在地震资料处理过程中,为了提高信号的信噪比以及保留数据的可靠频段,通常采用频率域滤波的方法.但是,传统的频率域滤波方法是基于傅里叶变换,在窗口与窗口之间的接合部位会出现假异常.且在滤除噪声的同时,很可能同时也将有用信息一起滤除掉.本文针对上述问题,将小波域分频处理与重构的方法应用到石油地震勘探数据处理中.在提高信号信噪比的同时又可兼顾其它频段信息,使处理出的地震剖面信噪比提高,频带有所拓宽,从而达到最佳重构.文中先后给出了小波变换及其逆变换的数值计算方法以及最佳小波和最佳重构系数的求取方法.最后通过实例分析,其结果表明,该方法在理论上是正确的,实际应用效果也是成功的.
The frequency domain filter method has been usually adopted in seismic data processing in order to improve the signal's signal-to-noise ratio and retention data reliable frequency band of data.Traditional Frequency domain filter are based on Fourier transformation,which may appear a false anomaly in conjunct part between the windows. Besides,during filtering noise,it's possible that some useful information will be filtered at the same time.To solve the above-mentioned problems,the paper applies wavelet frequency division restructuring to seismic survey data processing.While improving the signal-to-noise ratio,the other frequency band information is considered and the signal-to-noise ratio of processed seismic profile is improved,broadering frequency band,and resulting in a best reconstruction.This article has given the wavelet transformation and the inverse transformation numerical calculus method as well as the best wavelet and the best restructuring coefficient seeking method successively.Finally through a real case analyzed,the result shows that the method is theoretically correct and application effect is successful.
The frequency domain filter method has been usually adopted in seismic data processing in order to improve the signal's signal-to-noise ratio and retention data reliable frequency band of data.Traditional Frequency domain filter are based on Fourier transformation,which may appear a false anomaly in conjunct part between the windows. Besides,during filtering noise,it's possible that some useful information will be filtered at the same time.To solve the above-mentioned problems,the paper applies wavelet frequency division restructuring to seismic survey data processing.While improving the signal-to-noise ratio,the other frequency band information is considered and the signal-to-noise ratio of processed seismic profile is improved,broadering frequency band,and resulting in a best reconstruction.This article has given the wavelet transformation and the inverse transformation numerical calculus method as well as the best wavelet and the best restructuring coefficient seeking method successively.Finally through a real case analyzed,the result shows that the method is theoretically correct and application effect is successful.
引文
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[6] 查中圻.提取子波的一种算法[J].石油地球物理勘探,1981,16(4) :27～36． Cha Z Q. A method for extracting wavelet [J]. Oil Geophysical Prospecting, 1981,16 (4) :27～36．
[7] 王西文,刘全新,高静怀,等.地震资料在小波域的分频处理与重构[J].石油地球物理学报,2001,36(1) :78～84． Wang X W, Liu Q X, Gao J H, et al. Frequency-shared processing and reconstitution of seismic data in wavelet domain [J]. OGP,2001,36(1) :78～84．
[8] 吴招才,刘天佑.地震数据去噪中的小波方法[J].地球物理学进展,2008,23(2) :493～499． Wu Z C, Liu T Y. Wavelet transform methods in seismic data noise attenuation[J]. Progress in Geophysics, 2008, 23 (2) : 493～499．
[9] 张军华,吕宁,田连玉,等.地震资料去噪方法、技术综合评述[J].地球物理学进展,2005,20(4) :1083～1091．
?ZhangJ H, Lv N, Tian L Y, et al. An overview of the methods and techniques for seismic data noise attenuation[J]. Progress in Geophysics, 2005,20 (4) : 1083 ～ 1091．
[10] 高静怀,汪玲玲,赵伟.基于反射地震记录变子波模型提高地震记录分辨率[J].地球物理学报,2009,52(5) :1289～1300 Gao J H, Wang L L, Zhao W. Enhancing resolution of seismic traces based on the changing wavelet model of the seismogram[J]. Chinese J. Geophys. (in Chinese), 2009, 52 (5) :1289～1300
[2] (美)多布著.小波十讲[M].李建平,杨万年译.北京:国防工业出版社,2004． (America)Ingrid Daubechies. Ten lectures on wavelets[M]. Li Jian-ping, Yang Wang-nian translates. Beijing: National Defense Industry Press, 2004．
[3] 张德丰.MATLAB小波分析[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2009． Zhang D F. Wavelets analysis by matlab[M]. Beijing: China Machine Press, 2009．
[4] 张广智,刘洪,印兴耀.井旁道地震子波精细提取方法[J].石油地球物理勘探,2005,40(2) :158～162． Zhang G Z, Liu H, Yin X Y. Method for fine picking up seismic wavelet at uphole trace [ J ]. Oil Geophysical Prospecting, 2005,40(2) : 158～162．
[5] 梁光河.地震子波提取方法研究[J].石油物探,1998,37(1) :31～39． Liang G H. On the methods of seismis wavelet extraction[J]. GPP, 1998,37(1) : 31～39．
[6] 查中圻.提取子波的一种算法[J].石油地球物理勘探,1981,16(4) :27～36． Cha Z Q. A method for extracting wavelet [J]. Oil Geophysical Prospecting, 1981,16 (4) :27～36．
[7] 王西文,刘全新,高静怀,等.地震资料在小波域的分频处理与重构[J].石油地球物理学报,2001,36(1) :78～84． Wang X W, Liu Q X, Gao J H, et al. Frequency-shared processing and reconstitution of seismic data in wavelet domain [J]. OGP,2001,36(1) :78～84．
[8] 吴招才,刘天佑.地震数据去噪中的小波方法[J].地球物理学进展,2008,23(2) :493～499． Wu Z C, Liu T Y. Wavelet transform methods in seismic data noise attenuation[J]. Progress in Geophysics, 2008, 23 (2) : 493～499．
[9] 张军华,吕宁,田连玉,等.地震资料去噪方法、技术综合评述[J].地球物理学进展,2005,20(4) :1083～1091．
?ZhangJ H, Lv N, Tian L Y, et al. An overview of the methods and techniques for seismic data noise attenuation[J]. Progress in Geophysics, 2005,20 (4) : 1083 ～ 1091．
[10] 高静怀,汪玲玲,赵伟.基于反射地震记录变子波模型提高地震记录分辨率[J].地球物理学报,2009,52(5) :1289～1300 Gao J H, Wang L L, Zhao W. Enhancing resolution of seismic traces based on the changing wavelet model of the seismogram[J]. Chinese J. Geophys. (in Chinese), 2009, 52 (5) :1289～1300
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