汶川地震对我国地震区划图与桥梁抗震设计的启示
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摘要
自5.12汶川地震至2009年5月一年的时间内,作者通过对汶川地震灾区的16次调查,获得了桥梁震害的第一手资料。该文首先对汶川地震、九江-瑞昌地震以及唐山大地震暴露出的关于地震区划图的问题进行探讨,结果表明在我国地震区划图标示为低震区内多次发生强烈地震,建议工程师与科研人员正确认识和使用区划图;并通过对比美国、日本以及我国地震区划图,提出我国地震动区划图的发展趋势及编制多水准地震动区划图的必要性;然后,结合汶川地震后对公路交通系统的调查,研究了地震灾区不同场地条件下桥型的抗震性能,讨论了概念设计与抗震构造措施对桥梁抗震的重要性,同时探讨了桥梁结构的抗震设防标准问题;最后总结汶川地震给我国公路桥梁抗震带来的经验与教训,针对地震动区划图、桥梁抗震性能的评价、设计与研究提出意见。
This paper is based on 16 surveys since the occurrence of Wenchuan earthquake.Taking Wenchuan Earhquake,Jiujiang-Ruichang Earthquake and Tangshan Earthquake as examples,some problems in seismic zonation of China were discussed.It was pointed out that strong earthquakes have taken place in the above regions much more frequently than indicated by the zonation map.By reviewing the state-of-the-art of the seismic zonation of China,USA and Japan,the developing trend was studied and the multi-level seismic zonation map of China was put forward.Then the aseismic performance of various bridge types was analyzed and the importance of the concept design was stated.Finally,some suggestions on seismic zonation,aseismic performance evaluation,and seismic design were proposed.
This paper is based on 16 surveys since the occurrence of Wenchuan earthquake.Taking Wenchuan Earhquake,Jiujiang-Ruichang Earthquake and Tangshan Earthquake as examples,some problems in seismic zonation of China were discussed.It was pointed out that strong earthquakes have taken place in the above regions much more frequently than indicated by the zonation map.By reviewing the state-of-the-art of the seismic zonation of China,USA and Japan,the developing trend was studied and the multi-level seismic zonation map of China was put forward.Then the aseismic performance of various bridge types was analyzed and the importance of the concept design was stated.Finally,some suggestions on seismic zonation,aseismic performance evaluation,and seismic design were proposed.
引文
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[10]中华人民共和国交通部标准.JTJ004-89公路工程抗震设计规范[S].北京:人民交通出版社,1989.Standard of the Ministry of Communications of P.R.China.JTJ004-89Specifications of earthquake resistant design for highway engineering[S].Beijing:China Communications Press,1989.(in Chinese)
[11]中华人民共和国国家标准.GBJ11-89建筑抗震设计规范[S].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1989.National Standard of the People’s Republic of China.GBJ11-89Code for seismic design of buildings[S].Beijing:China Architecture&Building Press,1989.(in Chinese)
[12]中华人民共和国交通部推荐标准.JTG/T B02-01-2008公路桥梁抗震设计细则[S].北京:人民交通出版社,2008.Standard of the Ministry of Transport of P.R.China.JTG/T B02-01-2008Guidelines for seismic design of highway bridges[S].Beijing:China Communications Press,2008.(in Chinese)
[13]中华人民共和国国家标准.GB50111-2006铁路工程抗震设计规范[S].北京:中国计划出版社,2006.National Standard of the People’s Republic of China.GB50111-2006Code for seismic design of railway engineering[S].Beijing:China Planning Press,2006.(in Chinese)
[2]王克海.桥梁抗震研究[M].北京:中国铁道出版社,2007.Wang Kehai.Aseismic research on bridge[M].Beijing:China Railway Publishing House,2007.(in Chinese)
[3]魏琏.建筑结构抗震设计[M].北京:万国学术出版社,1991.Wei Lian.Structure seismic design[M].Beijing:International Academic Publishers,1991.(in Chinese)
[4]胡聿贤.在抗震规范中不用地震烈度的一个建议[J].建筑结构学报,1983,1(1):32―39.Hu Yuxian.A Suggestion of removing the term earthquake intensity from the aseismic code[J].Journal of Building Structures,1983,1(1):32―39.(in Chinese)
[5]国家标准化管理委员会.GB18306-2001《中国地震动参数区划图》国家标准第1号修改单[S].2008.Standardization Administration of the P.R.China.The No.1modification sheet for GB18306-2001seismic ground motion parameter zonation map of China[S].2008.
[6]胡聿贤.地震工程学[M].第二版.北京:地震出版社,2006.Hu Yuxian.Earthquake engineering[M].2nd ed.Beijing:Earthquake Publisher,2006.(in Chinese)
[7]Ian Buckle,Ian Friedland,John Mander.公路结构物抗震加固改造手册(上册:桥梁)[M].王克海,李茜,翟东武,译.北京:人民交通出版社,2008.Ian Buckle,Ian Friedland,John Mander.Seismic retrofitting manual for highway structures:Part1-Bridge[M].Translated by Wang Kehai,Li Qian,Zhai Dongwu.Beijing:China Communications Press,2008.(in Chinese)
[8]Seismic Design Criteria.Version1.2[S].California:California Department of Transportation(CALTRANS)Division of Engineering Services,2001.
[9]高孟潭,卢寿德.关于下一代地震区划图编制原则与关键技术的初步探讨[J].震灾防御技术,2006,1(1):1―6.Gao Mengtan,Lu Shoude.The discussion on principles of seismic zonation of the next generation[J].Technology for Earthquake Disaster Prevention,2006,1(1):1―6.(in Chinese)
[10]中华人民共和国交通部标准.JTJ004-89公路工程抗震设计规范[S].北京:人民交通出版社,1989.Standard of the Ministry of Communications of P.R.China.JTJ004-89Specifications of earthquake resistant design for highway engineering[S].Beijing:China Communications Press,1989.(in Chinese)
[11]中华人民共和国国家标准.GBJ11-89建筑抗震设计规范[S].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1989.National Standard of the People’s Republic of China.GBJ11-89Code for seismic design of buildings[S].Beijing:China Architecture&Building Press,1989.(in Chinese)
[12]中华人民共和国交通部推荐标准.JTG/T B02-01-2008公路桥梁抗震设计细则[S].北京:人民交通出版社,2008.Standard of the Ministry of Transport of P.R.China.JTG/T B02-01-2008Guidelines for seismic design of highway bridges[S].Beijing:China Communications Press,2008.(in Chinese)
[13]中华人民共和国国家标准.GB50111-2006铁路工程抗震设计规范[S].北京:中国计划出版社,2006.National Standard of the People’s Republic of China.GB50111-2006Code for seismic design of railway engineering[S].Beijing:China Planning Press,2006.(in Chinese)
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