橄榄石的后尖晶石相变研究进展
|
摘要
橄榄石在高温高压条件下分解为钙钛矿和方镁石(后尖晶石相变),这是地幔中最为重要的相变之一,被认为是660KM地震波速间断面的成因。现今所取得的重要进展表现在3个方面:①MG_2SI O_4的后尖晶石相变的原位X射线高温高压实验研究;②水、AL_2O_3以及压力标尺对后尖晶石相变的影响效应;③下地幔条件下地幔岩组分中的后尖晶石相变。在对研究进展进行概述的基础上,对目前存在的问题进行了分析并提出未来可能的研究方向。
Ringwoodite, one of the high-pressure and high-temperature forms of olivine, can be decomposed into perovskite and periclase (post-spinel phase transformation). The process, which seems to be one of the most important transformations in the Earth′s mantle, is believed to be the cause of the 660-km seismic discontinuity dividing the mantle into upper and lower parts. The advances made in the researches are shown in three aspects: ① post-spinel phase transformation of Mg_2SiO_4 at high pressure and high temperature using in situ X-ray diffraction; ② the effects of H_2O, Al_2O_3 and equation of state of gold on the post-spinel phase transformation; ③ the post-spinel phase transformation in peridotite under lower mantle conditions. On the basis of a summary of recent advances, this paper analyzes the existing problems and indicates possible directions for further studies.
Ringwoodite, one of the high-pressure and high-temperature forms of olivine, can be decomposed into perovskite and periclase (post-spinel phase transformation). The process, which seems to be one of the most important transformations in the Earth′s mantle, is believed to be the cause of the 660-km seismic discontinuity dividing the mantle into upper and lower parts. The advances made in the researches are shown in three aspects: ① post-spinel phase transformation of Mg_2SiO_4 at high pressure and high temperature using in situ X-ray diffraction; ② the effects of H_2O, Al_2O_3 and equation of state of gold on the post-spinel phase transformation; ③ the post-spinel phase transformation in peridotite under lower mantle conditions. On the basis of a summary of recent advances, this paper analyzes the existing problems and indicates possible directions for further studies.
引文
AKAOGIM,ITOE.1993.REFINEMENTOFENTHALPYMEASUREMENTOFMG-SIO3PEROVSKITEANDNEGATIVEPRESSURE-TEMPERATURESLOPESFORPER-OVSKITE-FORMINGREACTIONS.GEOPHYS.RES.LETT.,20:1839~1842.
AKAOGIM,KOJITANIH,MATSUZAKAK,ETAL.1998.POSTSPINELTRANSFOR-MATIONSINTHESYSTEMMG2SIO4-FE2SIO4:ELEMENTPARTITIONING,CALORIMETRY,ANDTHERMODYNAMICCALCULATION.IN:MANGHNANIMH,YAGIT,EDS.PROPERTIESOFEARTHANDPLANETARYMATERIALSATHIGHPRESSUREANDTEMPERATURE,GEOPHYS.MONOGR.,101:373~384.
AIY,ZHENGT,XUW,ETAL.2003.ACOMPLEX660KMDISCONTINUITYBENEATHNORTHEASTCHINA.EARTHPLANET.SCI.LETT.,212:63~71.
ANDERSONDL,BASSJD.1984.MINERALOGYANDCOMPOSITIONOFTHEUP-PERMANTLE.GEOPHYS.RES.LETT.,11:637~640.
ANDERSONOL,ISAAKDG,YAMAMOTOS.1989.ANHARMONICITYANDTHEEQUATIONOFSTATEFORGOLD.J.APPL.PHYS.,65:1534~1543.
BASSJD,ANDERSONDL.1984.COMPOSITIONOFTHEUPPERMANTLE:GEO-PHYSICALTESTSOFTWOPETROLOGICALMODELS.GEOPHYS.RES.LETT.,11:237~240.
BIRCHF.1952.ELASTICITYANDCONSTITUTIONOFTHEEARTH’SINTERIOR.J.GEOPHYS.RES.,57:227~286.
CHOPELASA,BOEHLERR,KOT.1994.THERMODYNAMICSANDBEHAVIOROFΓ-MG2SIO4ATHIGHPRESSURE:IMPLICATIONSFORMG2SIO4PHASEEQUI-LIBRIUM.PHYS.CHEM.MINERAL.,21:352~359.
CHUDINOVSKIKHL,BOEHLERR.2001.HIGH-PRESSUREPOLYMORPHSOFO-LIVINEANDTHE660KMSEISMICDISCONTINUITY.NATURE,411:574~577.
FEIY,BERTKACM.1999.PHASETRANSITIONSINTHEEARTH′SMANTLEANDMANTLEMINERALOGY.IN:FEIY,BERTKACM,MYSENBO,EDS.MANTLEPETROLOGY:FIELDOBSERVATIONSATHIGHPRESSUREEXPERIMEN-TATION:ATRIBUTETOFRANCISR.(JOE)BOYD,THEGEOCHEMICALSO-CIETY,SPECIALPUBLICATION,6:189~207.
HIGOY,INOUET,IRIFUNET.2001.EFFECTOFWATERONTHESPINEL-POST-SPINELTRANSFORMATIONINMG2SIO4.GEOPHYS.RES.LETT.,28:3505~3508.
INOUET,WEIDNERDJ,NORTHRUPPA,ETAL.1998.ELASTICPROPERTIESOFHYDROUSRINGWOODITE(Γ-PHASE)INMG2SIO4.EARTHPLANET.SCI.LETT.,160:107~113.
IRIFUNET,KUBON,ISSHIKIM,ETAL.1998A.PHASETRANSFORMATIONSINSERPENTINEANDTRANSPORTATIONOFWATERINTOTHELOWERMANTLE.GEO-PHYS.RES.LETT.,25:203~206.
IRIFUNET,NISHIYAMAN,KURODAK,ETAL.1998B.THEPOSTSPINELPHASEBOUNDARYINMG2SIO4DETERMINEDBYINSITUX-RAYDIFFRACTION.SCI-ENCE,279:1698~1700.
ITOE,YAMADAH.1982.STABILITYRELATIONSOFSILICATESPINELS,ILMENITESANDPEROVSKITES,ADVANCESINEARTHANDPLANETARYSCIENCES.IN:AKI-MOTOS,MANGHNANIMH,EDS.HIGHPRESSURERESEARCHINGEO-PHYSICS,VOL.12.CENTERFORACADEMICPUBLICATIONSJAPAN,TOKYO,405~419.
ITOE,TAKAHASHIE.1989.POSTSPINELTRANSFORMATIONSINTHESYSTEMMG2SIO4-FE2SIO4ANDSOMEGEOPHYSICALIMPLICATIONS.J.GEOPHYS.RES.,94:10637~10646.
ITOE,AKAOGIM,TOPORL,ETAL.1990.NEGATIVEPRESSURE-TEMPERATURESLOPESFORREACTIONSFORMINGMGSIO3PEROVSKITEFROMCALORIMETRY.SCIENCE,249:1275~1278.
KATSURAT,ITOE.1989.THESYSTEMMG2SIO4-FE2SIO4ATHIGHPRES-SURESANDTEMPERATURES:PRECISEDETERMINATIONOFSTABILITIESOFO-LIVINE,MODIFIEDSPINELANDSPINEL.J.GEOPHYS.RES.,94:15663~15670.
KATSURAT,YAMADAH,SHINMEIT,ETAL.2003.POST-SPINELTRANSITIONINMG2SIO4DETERMINEDBYHIGHP-TINSITUX-RAYDIFFRACTOMETRY.PHYS.EARTHPLANET.INTER.,136:11~24.
KOHLSTEDTDL,KEPPLERH,RUBIEDC.1996.SOLUBILITYOFWATERINTHEΑ,ΒANDΓPHASESOF(MG,FE)2SIO4.CONTRIB.MINERAL.PETROL.,123:345~357.
KUBOT,OHTANIE,KATOT,ETAL.2000.FORMATIONOFMETASTABLEAS-SEMBLAGESANDMECHANISMSOFTHEGRAIN-SIZEREDUCTIONINTHEPOST-SPINELTRANSFORMATIONOFMG2SIO4.GEOPHYS.RES.LETT.,27:807~810.
KUBOT,OHTANIE,KATOT,ETAL.2002.MECHANISMSANDKINETICSOFTHEPOST-SPINELTRANSFORMATIONINMG2SIO4.PHYS.EARTHPLANET.INTER.,129:153~171.
KUMAZAWAM,SAWAMOTOH,OHTANIE,ETAL.1974.POSTSPINELPHASEOFFORSTERITEANDEVOLUTIONOFTHEEARTH′SMANTLE.NATURE,247:356~358.
LIULG.1976.THEPOST-SPINELPHASEOFFORSTERITE.NATURE,262:770~772.
MINGLC,BASSETTWA.1974.THEPOSTSPINELPHASESINTHEMG2SIO4-FE2SIO4SYSTEM.SCIENCE,187:66~68.
NAVROTSKYA.1980.LOWERMANTLEPHASETRANSITIONSMAYGENERALLYHAVENEGATIVEPRESSURE-TEMPERATURESLOPES.GEOPHYS.RES.LETT.,7:709~711.
NISHIYAMAN,IRIFUNET,INOUET,ETAL.2003.PRECISEDETERMINATIONOFPHASERELATIONSINPYROLITEACROSSTHE660KMSEISMICDISCONTINU-ITYBYIN-SITUX-RAYDIFFRACTIONANDQUENCHEXPERIMENTS.SUBMITTOPHYS.EARTHPLANET.INTER.
OHTANIE,MIZOBATAH,YURIMOTOH.2000.STABILITYOFDENSEHYDROUSMAGNESIUMSILICATEPHASESINTHESYSTEMMG2SIO4-H2OANDMG-SIO3-H2OATPRESSURESUPTO27GPA.PHYS.CHEM.MINERALS,27:533~544.
ONOS.1998.STABILITYLIMITSOFHYDROUSMINERALSINSEDIMENTANDMID-OCEANRIDGEBASALTCOMPOSITIONS:IMPLICATIONFORWATERTRANSPORTINSUBDUCTIONZONES.J.GEOPHYS.RES.,103:18253~18267.
RINGWOODAE.1958.CONSTITUTIONOFTHEMANTLE,III.CONSEQUENCESOFTHEOLIVINE-SPINELTRANSITION.GEOCHIM.COSMOCHIM.ACTA,15:195~212.
RINGWOODAE.1962.AMODELFORTHEUPPERMANTLE.J.GEOPHYS.RES.,67:857~866.
RINGWOODAE.1970.PHASETRANSFORMATIONSANDTHECONSTITUTIONOFTHEMANTLE.PHYS.EARTHPLANET.INTER.,3:109~155.
SHIMS,DUFFYTS,SHENG.2001.THEPOST-SPINELTRANSFORMATIONINMG2SIO4ANDITSRELATIONTOTHE660-KMSEISMICDISCONTINUITY.NA-TURE,411:571~574.
SHIMS,DUFFYTS,KENICHIT.2002.EQUATIONOFSTATEOFGOLDANDITSAPPLICATIONTOTHEPHASEBOUNDARIESNEAR660KMDEPTHINEARTH′SMANTLE.EARTHPLANET.SCI.LETT.,203:729~739.
TSUCHIYAT.2003.FIRST-PRINCIPLESPREDICTIONOFTHEP-V-TEQUATIONOFSTATEOFGOLDANDTHE660-KMDISCONTINUITYINEARTH’SMANTLE.J.GEOPHY.RES.,108:2462,DOI:10.1029/2003JB002446.
WICKSCW,RICHARDSMA.1993.ADETAILEDMAPOFTHE660-KILOMETERDISCONTINUITYBENEATHTHEIZU-BONINSUBDUCTIONZONE.SCIENCE,261:1424~1427.
WOODBJ.1990.POSTSPINELTRANSFORMATIONSANDTHEWIDTHOFTHE670-KMDISCONTINUITY:ACOMMENTON“POSTSPINELTRANSFORMATIONSINTHESYSTEMMG2SIO4-FE2SIO4ANDSOMEGEOPHYSICALIMPLICATIONS”BYE.ITOANDE.TAKAHASHI.J.GEOPHYS.RES.,95:12681~12685.
WOODBJ.2000.PHASETRANSFORMATIONSANDPARTITIONINGRELATIONSINPERIDOTITEUNDERLOWERMANTLECONDITIONS.EARTHPLANET.SCI.LETT.,174:341~354.
YUSAH,INOUET,OHISHIY.2000.ISOTHERMALCOMPRESSIBILITYOFHY-DROUSRINGWOODITEANDITSRELATIONTOTHEMANTLEDISCONTINUITIES,GEOPHYS.RES.LETT.,27:413~416.
ZHAIS,FEIY.2001.PHASERELATIONSINTHESYSTEMMG2SIO4-MGAL2O4AT22GPA.EOSTRANS.AGU,82(47),2001AGUFALLMEET.SUPPL.
AKAOGIM,KOJITANIH,MATSUZAKAK,ETAL.1998.POSTSPINELTRANSFOR-MATIONSINTHESYSTEMMG2SIO4-FE2SIO4:ELEMENTPARTITIONING,CALORIMETRY,ANDTHERMODYNAMICCALCULATION.IN:MANGHNANIMH,YAGIT,EDS.PROPERTIESOFEARTHANDPLANETARYMATERIALSATHIGHPRESSUREANDTEMPERATURE,GEOPHYS.MONOGR.,101:373~384.
AIY,ZHENGT,XUW,ETAL.2003.ACOMPLEX660KMDISCONTINUITYBENEATHNORTHEASTCHINA.EARTHPLANET.SCI.LETT.,212:63~71.
ANDERSONDL,BASSJD.1984.MINERALOGYANDCOMPOSITIONOFTHEUP-PERMANTLE.GEOPHYS.RES.LETT.,11:637~640.
ANDERSONOL,ISAAKDG,YAMAMOTOS.1989.ANHARMONICITYANDTHEEQUATIONOFSTATEFORGOLD.J.APPL.PHYS.,65:1534~1543.
BASSJD,ANDERSONDL.1984.COMPOSITIONOFTHEUPPERMANTLE:GEO-PHYSICALTESTSOFTWOPETROLOGICALMODELS.GEOPHYS.RES.LETT.,11:237~240.
BIRCHF.1952.ELASTICITYANDCONSTITUTIONOFTHEEARTH’SINTERIOR.J.GEOPHYS.RES.,57:227~286.
CHOPELASA,BOEHLERR,KOT.1994.THERMODYNAMICSANDBEHAVIOROFΓ-MG2SIO4ATHIGHPRESSURE:IMPLICATIONSFORMG2SIO4PHASEEQUI-LIBRIUM.PHYS.CHEM.MINERAL.,21:352~359.
CHUDINOVSKIKHL,BOEHLERR.2001.HIGH-PRESSUREPOLYMORPHSOFO-LIVINEANDTHE660KMSEISMICDISCONTINUITY.NATURE,411:574~577.
FEIY,BERTKACM.1999.PHASETRANSITIONSINTHEEARTH′SMANTLEANDMANTLEMINERALOGY.IN:FEIY,BERTKACM,MYSENBO,EDS.MANTLEPETROLOGY:FIELDOBSERVATIONSATHIGHPRESSUREEXPERIMEN-TATION:ATRIBUTETOFRANCISR.(JOE)BOYD,THEGEOCHEMICALSO-CIETY,SPECIALPUBLICATION,6:189~207.
HIGOY,INOUET,IRIFUNET.2001.EFFECTOFWATERONTHESPINEL-POST-SPINELTRANSFORMATIONINMG2SIO4.GEOPHYS.RES.LETT.,28:3505~3508.
INOUET,WEIDNERDJ,NORTHRUPPA,ETAL.1998.ELASTICPROPERTIESOFHYDROUSRINGWOODITE(Γ-PHASE)INMG2SIO4.EARTHPLANET.SCI.LETT.,160:107~113.
IRIFUNET,KUBON,ISSHIKIM,ETAL.1998A.PHASETRANSFORMATIONSINSERPENTINEANDTRANSPORTATIONOFWATERINTOTHELOWERMANTLE.GEO-PHYS.RES.LETT.,25:203~206.
IRIFUNET,NISHIYAMAN,KURODAK,ETAL.1998B.THEPOSTSPINELPHASEBOUNDARYINMG2SIO4DETERMINEDBYINSITUX-RAYDIFFRACTION.SCI-ENCE,279:1698~1700.
ITOE,YAMADAH.1982.STABILITYRELATIONSOFSILICATESPINELS,ILMENITESANDPEROVSKITES,ADVANCESINEARTHANDPLANETARYSCIENCES.IN:AKI-MOTOS,MANGHNANIMH,EDS.HIGHPRESSURERESEARCHINGEO-PHYSICS,VOL.12.CENTERFORACADEMICPUBLICATIONSJAPAN,TOKYO,405~419.
ITOE,TAKAHASHIE.1989.POSTSPINELTRANSFORMATIONSINTHESYSTEMMG2SIO4-FE2SIO4ANDSOMEGEOPHYSICALIMPLICATIONS.J.GEOPHYS.RES.,94:10637~10646.
ITOE,AKAOGIM,TOPORL,ETAL.1990.NEGATIVEPRESSURE-TEMPERATURESLOPESFORREACTIONSFORMINGMGSIO3PEROVSKITEFROMCALORIMETRY.SCIENCE,249:1275~1278.
KATSURAT,ITOE.1989.THESYSTEMMG2SIO4-FE2SIO4ATHIGHPRES-SURESANDTEMPERATURES:PRECISEDETERMINATIONOFSTABILITIESOFO-LIVINE,MODIFIEDSPINELANDSPINEL.J.GEOPHYS.RES.,94:15663~15670.
KATSURAT,YAMADAH,SHINMEIT,ETAL.2003.POST-SPINELTRANSITIONINMG2SIO4DETERMINEDBYHIGHP-TINSITUX-RAYDIFFRACTOMETRY.PHYS.EARTHPLANET.INTER.,136:11~24.
KOHLSTEDTDL,KEPPLERH,RUBIEDC.1996.SOLUBILITYOFWATERINTHEΑ,ΒANDΓPHASESOF(MG,FE)2SIO4.CONTRIB.MINERAL.PETROL.,123:345~357.
KUBOT,OHTANIE,KATOT,ETAL.2000.FORMATIONOFMETASTABLEAS-SEMBLAGESANDMECHANISMSOFTHEGRAIN-SIZEREDUCTIONINTHEPOST-SPINELTRANSFORMATIONOFMG2SIO4.GEOPHYS.RES.LETT.,27:807~810.
KUBOT,OHTANIE,KATOT,ETAL.2002.MECHANISMSANDKINETICSOFTHEPOST-SPINELTRANSFORMATIONINMG2SIO4.PHYS.EARTHPLANET.INTER.,129:153~171.
KUMAZAWAM,SAWAMOTOH,OHTANIE,ETAL.1974.POSTSPINELPHASEOFFORSTERITEANDEVOLUTIONOFTHEEARTH′SMANTLE.NATURE,247:356~358.
LIULG.1976.THEPOST-SPINELPHASEOFFORSTERITE.NATURE,262:770~772.
MINGLC,BASSETTWA.1974.THEPOSTSPINELPHASESINTHEMG2SIO4-FE2SIO4SYSTEM.SCIENCE,187:66~68.
NAVROTSKYA.1980.LOWERMANTLEPHASETRANSITIONSMAYGENERALLYHAVENEGATIVEPRESSURE-TEMPERATURESLOPES.GEOPHYS.RES.LETT.,7:709~711.
NISHIYAMAN,IRIFUNET,INOUET,ETAL.2003.PRECISEDETERMINATIONOFPHASERELATIONSINPYROLITEACROSSTHE660KMSEISMICDISCONTINU-ITYBYIN-SITUX-RAYDIFFRACTIONANDQUENCHEXPERIMENTS.SUBMITTOPHYS.EARTHPLANET.INTER.
OHTANIE,MIZOBATAH,YURIMOTOH.2000.STABILITYOFDENSEHYDROUSMAGNESIUMSILICATEPHASESINTHESYSTEMMG2SIO4-H2OANDMG-SIO3-H2OATPRESSURESUPTO27GPA.PHYS.CHEM.MINERALS,27:533~544.
ONOS.1998.STABILITYLIMITSOFHYDROUSMINERALSINSEDIMENTANDMID-OCEANRIDGEBASALTCOMPOSITIONS:IMPLICATIONFORWATERTRANSPORTINSUBDUCTIONZONES.J.GEOPHYS.RES.,103:18253~18267.
RINGWOODAE.1958.CONSTITUTIONOFTHEMANTLE,III.CONSEQUENCESOFTHEOLIVINE-SPINELTRANSITION.GEOCHIM.COSMOCHIM.ACTA,15:195~212.
RINGWOODAE.1962.AMODELFORTHEUPPERMANTLE.J.GEOPHYS.RES.,67:857~866.
RINGWOODAE.1970.PHASETRANSFORMATIONSANDTHECONSTITUTIONOFTHEMANTLE.PHYS.EARTHPLANET.INTER.,3:109~155.
SHIMS,DUFFYTS,SHENG.2001.THEPOST-SPINELTRANSFORMATIONINMG2SIO4ANDITSRELATIONTOTHE660-KMSEISMICDISCONTINUITY.NA-TURE,411:571~574.
SHIMS,DUFFYTS,KENICHIT.2002.EQUATIONOFSTATEOFGOLDANDITSAPPLICATIONTOTHEPHASEBOUNDARIESNEAR660KMDEPTHINEARTH′SMANTLE.EARTHPLANET.SCI.LETT.,203:729~739.
TSUCHIYAT.2003.FIRST-PRINCIPLESPREDICTIONOFTHEP-V-TEQUATIONOFSTATEOFGOLDANDTHE660-KMDISCONTINUITYINEARTH’SMANTLE.J.GEOPHY.RES.,108:2462,DOI:10.1029/2003JB002446.
WICKSCW,RICHARDSMA.1993.ADETAILEDMAPOFTHE660-KILOMETERDISCONTINUITYBENEATHTHEIZU-BONINSUBDUCTIONZONE.SCIENCE,261:1424~1427.
WOODBJ.1990.POSTSPINELTRANSFORMATIONSANDTHEWIDTHOFTHE670-KMDISCONTINUITY:ACOMMENTON“POSTSPINELTRANSFORMATIONSINTHESYSTEMMG2SIO4-FE2SIO4ANDSOMEGEOPHYSICALIMPLICATIONS”BYE.ITOANDE.TAKAHASHI.J.GEOPHYS.RES.,95:12681~12685.
WOODBJ.2000.PHASETRANSFORMATIONSANDPARTITIONINGRELATIONSINPERIDOTITEUNDERLOWERMANTLECONDITIONS.EARTHPLANET.SCI.LETT.,174:341~354.
YUSAH,INOUET,OHISHIY.2000.ISOTHERMALCOMPRESSIBILITYOFHY-DROUSRINGWOODITEANDITSRELATIONTOTHEMANTLEDISCONTINUITIES,GEOPHYS.RES.LETT.,27:413~416.
ZHAIS,FEIY.2001.PHASERELATIONSINTHESYSTEMMG2SIO4-MGAL2O4AT22GPA.EOSTRANS.AGU,82(47),2001AGUFALLMEET.SUPPL.
版权所有：© 2023 中国地质图书馆 中国地质调查局地学文献中心